Скачать презентацию Influence Freewrite Do trailer parks cause tornadoes Скачать презентацию Influence Freewrite Do trailer parks cause tornadoes

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Influence Influence

Freewrite Do trailer parks cause tornadoes? Why or why not? Why would somebody ask Freewrite Do trailer parks cause tornadoes? Why or why not? Why would somebody ask that? Why do I ask? • Don’t forget to turn this in for participation credit!

Tornados and trailer parks Tornados and trailer parks

The problem of “buying votes” • Interest groups do give – To members on The problem of “buying votes” • Interest groups do give – To members on committees important to their policy area – More money right before an important vote • Members do vote with the groups that give them money • Problem of simultaneous causation

Which is cause and which is effect? Member takes issue positions favorable to an Which is cause and which is effect? Member takes issue positions favorable to an interest group Interest group gives a campaign contribution Member votes with interest group Interest group lobbies member

When members of Congress decide how to cast a vote, what do they consider? When members of Congress decide how to cast a vote, what do they consider?

How do members of Congress make decisions? Determinative Major Minor Not importance important Constituents How do members of Congress make decisions? Determinative Major Minor Not importance important Constituents 7% 31% 51% 12% Fellow MC’s 5% 42% 28% 25% Party leaders 0% 5% 32% 63% Interest groups 1% 25% 40% 35% Administration 4% 14% 21% 61% Staff 1% 8% 26% 66%

How do MC’s make decisions? • • • Fellow members Constituents Interest Groups President How do MC’s make decisions? • • • Fellow members Constituents Interest Groups President Party Staff

Complexity of Interest Group influence Campaign Contributions & lobbying Constituents Going public Interest Group Complexity of Interest Group influence Campaign Contributions & lobbying Constituents Going public Interest Group loyalty Campaign contributions / revolving door Party Other members Member of Congress

Interest groups and the public • Get own members to write to/visit member of Interest groups and the public • Get own members to write to/visit member of Congress – Particularly MC’s own constituents! • Lobby the public – Get journalists to cover group’s issue/research/demonstrations – Run TV ads about upcoming vote – Take part in the culture war

Complexity of Interest Group influence Campaign Contributions & lobbying Constituents Going public Interest Group Complexity of Interest Group influence Campaign Contributions & lobbying Constituents Going public Interest Group loyalty Campaign contributions / revolving door Party Other members Member of Congress

Methodological issues • Of course they’d say that. • Is there a mechanism? • Methodological issues • Of course they’d say that. • Is there a mechanism? • How to take all factors into account? – “Statistics”!

Research conclusions • PAC contributions don’t buy votes on issues that constituents are aware Research conclusions • PAC contributions don’t buy votes on issues that constituents are aware of, or party cares about • • PAC Contributions may influence… committee votes on amendments level of member activity tax and regulatory bills (low profile) more than spending bills

How could we prove that campaign contributions/access/lobbying affects congressional outcomes? Member takes issue positions How could we prove that campaign contributions/access/lobbying affects congressional outcomes? Member takes issue positions favorable to an interest group Interest group gives a campaign contribution Member votes with interest group Interest group lobbies member