99cf6a27f765a75545c02f3dcc9bd99f.ppt
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Industrialization Day 13 & 14 Section 5. 4 Unions (Appleby 200 -207)
Today’s Agenda • Essay or Presentation due this Friday!!!!!!!!! • 5. 4 Unions Slide Show • Homework – Study for your Quiz
Review • • • What characterizes a market economy? What characterizes a command economy? What is social Darwinism? What is a monopoly? What is horizontal integration? What is vertical integration?
Factory Work
By the end of this lesson you will be able to: • Explain why laborers organized by identifying the condition under which they worked. • Identify the significant labor unions, people who led them, and analyze their impact on the labor movement. • Explain how several violent confrontations gave labor a bad and radical image and created a backlash against the movement.
• • Describe the working conditions endured by factory workers. Dangerous 12 -14 hour workday 6 days a week Women received ½ pay of men • Fired for any reason • No sick days, No health insurance, No workers compensation • Employed children from age 5 and up 16: 48 -20
What options did a worker have? • Can he ask for more money? • NO. – Easily replaced by immigrant • Can he complain about conditions to his boss? • NO – Easily replaced • Where can the worker do? – Unite – Vote
What are unions? • Union= Organization in which workers band together to form a collective voice to gain better pay, conditions, etc. • Origins rooted in guilds of Middle Ages
What methods do unions and employers (owners) use to fight each other? • Union Weapons – Strike= a work stoppage – Boycott= organized agreement not to buy from certain company • Employers (Owners) Weapons – Lockout= when the employer closes his business to force workers to abide by his rule – Scab= worker hired to replace striking workers
Who were the Knights of Labor? • Labor union made up of various skilled and unskilled workers • Wanted: – shorter work day (8 hours) – An end to child labor – Equal pay for women – Graduated income tax – Gov. ownership of telegraph and RR companies • Labeled as violent anarchists, socialists by press • Excluded Chinese laborers Marginal Tax Rate Single Married Filing Jointly or Qualified Widow(er) 10% $0 – $8, 500 $0 – $17, 000 15% $8, 501 – $34, 500 $17, 001 – $69, 000 25% $34, 501 – $83, 600 $69, 001 – $139, 350 28% $83, 601 – $174, 400 $139, 351 – $212, 300 33% $174, 401 – $379, 150 $212, 301 – $379, 150 35% $379, 151+ $379, 651+
What was the American Federation of Labor (AFL)? • Less radical labor union • Accepted capitalism • (But)…Wanted “Piece of the Pie” – Better wages – Better working conditions – Less hours • Led by Samuel Gompers • Rejected socialism, communism • Used non violent methods – Strikes and boycotts
Describe the Homestead Strike (1892). • Steel mill owned by Carnegie • Workers – Worked 12 hour shifts 6 days a week – Wanted better pay, better hours – Went on strike in 1892 • Henry Frick – President of Homestead Steel – Decreased wages by 22% – Lockout • Hired scabs • Protected by 300 Pinkerton guards – Private security force known for brutality • Violent confrontation led to several workers killed • Strike failed • Workers returned with pay decrease • Tarnished Carnegie’s image • Reinforced image that unions were violent by press
Where would you rather live? New York City or Pullman Town
Describe life in Pullman Town. • George Pullman – Developed luxurious RR sleeping cars • Pullman Town – “utopian” town for his workers outside Chicago – Meant to eliminate the ills of urban industrial slums – controlled all facets of his “We are born in a Pullman house, fed from the Pullman workers’ lives shop, taught in the Pullman • Wages, homes, school, catechized in the stores, schools, Pullman church, and when we church, books, shows, die we shall be buried in the alcohol Pullman cemetery and go to the Pullman Hell. ”
Describe the Pullman strike. • Panic of 1893 – Pullman cut wages (by 33%) – Did not lower rents, prices – Pullman workers went on strike • Eugene V. Debs – Socialist & leader of American Railway Union – To help Pullman strikers he ordered railway workers not to connect Pullman cars • President Grover Cleveland – Ordered workers back to work – Claimed strike was interfering with delivery of mail – US army crushed the strike and arrested the union leaders Where is Cleveland on the political spectrum?
By 1896, were unions successful in improving the lives of workers? • No – Public view unions as violent – Unions too exclusive • Women, African Americans, Chinese, immigrants, unskilled workers not allowed to join
What can the workers do? • Vote!!