INDEPENDENT WORK The heart sounds Prepared by: Mahmuda Arai checked: Kosabatyrova Nauat group: 203 b
v. Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it (specifically, the turbulence created when the heart valves snap shut).
IN CARDIAC AUSCULTATION, and age tests, urinalysis, AN EXAMINER MAY USE A STETHOSCOPE TO LISTEN FOR THESE UNIQUE AND DISTINCT SOUNDS THAT PROVIDE IMPORTANT AUDITORY DATA REGARDING THE CONDITION OF THE HEART TO A TRAINED OBSERVER. ,
In healthy adults, there are two normal heart sounds often described as a lub and a dub (or dup), that occur in sequence with each heartbeat. These are the first heart sound (S 1) and second heart sound (S 2), produced by the closing of the AV valves and semilunar valves respectively.
In addition to these normal sounds, a variety of other sounds may be present including heart murmurs, adventitious sounds, and Heart murmurs are generated by turbulent flow of blood, which may occur inside or outside the heart. allop rhythms S 3 and S 4.
MURMURS MAY BE PHYSIOLOGICAL (BENIGN) OR PATHOLOGICAL (ABNORMAL). ABNORMAL MURMURS CAN BE CAUSED BY STENOSIS RESTRICTING THE OPENING OF A HEART VALVE, RESULTING IN TURBULENCE AS BLOOD FLOWS THROUGH IT. ABNORMAL MURMURS MAY ALSO OCCUR WITH VALVULAR INSUFFICIENCY (OR REGURGITATION), WHICH ALLOWS BACKFLOW OF BLOOD WHEN THE INCOMPETENT VALVE CLOSES WITH ONLY PARTIAL EFFECTIVENESS
DIFFERENT MURMURS ARE AUDIBLE IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE, DEPENDING ON THE CAUSE OF THE MURMUR. HEART MURMURS ARE PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF TURBULENT FLOW OF BLOOD, TURBULENCE SUFFICIENT TO PRODUCE AUDIBLE NOISE. THEY ARE USUALLY HEARD AS A WHOOSHING SOUND. THE TERM MURMUR ONLY REFERS TO A SOUND BELIEVED TO ORIGINATE WITHIN BLOOD FLOW THROUGH OR NEAR THE HEART; RAPID BLOOD VELOCITY IS NECESSARY TO PRODUCE A MURMUR
Regurgitation through the mitral valve is by far the most commonly heard murmur, producing a pansystolic / holsystolic murmur which is sometimes fairly loud to a practiced ear, even though the volume of regurgitant blood flow may be quite small. Yet, though obvious using echocardiography visualization, probably about 20% of cases of mitral regurgitation do not produce an audible murmur.
Inhalation pressure causes an increase in the venous blood return to the right side of the heart. Therefore, rightsided murmurs generally increase in intensity with inspiration. The increased volume of blood entering the right sided chambers of the heart restricts the amount of blood entering the left sided chambers of the heart. This causes left-sided murmurs to generally decrease in intensity during inspiration
Скачать презентацию INDEPENDENT WORK The heart sounds Prepared by Mahmuda
The heart sounds.pptx