In VANET The Future Transportation System P GOKULAKRISHNAN

In. VANET –The Future Transportation System P. GOKULAKRISHNAN AP-CSE

Introduction In. VANET – Intelligent Vehicular Ad-hoc Network. Intelligent Transportation System using VANET.

Intelligent Transportation System ◦ The term intelligent transportation system (ITS) refers to efforts to add information and communications technology to transport infrastructure and vehicles, in order to improve safety and reduce vehicle wear, transportation times, and fuel consumption.

Why is ITS Important? Critical as Population and Congestion Increase. ◦ Total number of vehicles all over the world is estimated to be one billion in 2010. ◦ The number of vehicles is estimated to be 2 billion in 2025. ◦ Leads in increase of accidents and deaths. Land Funding for new roads decreased.

Why is ITS Important? Congestion (or) Traffic Jams

Why is ITS Important? Congestion (or) Traffic Jams ◦ China National Highway -110 Traffic Jam. ◦ Massive traffic jam that began to form on August 14, 2010 and ends on August 23, 2010. ◦ The traffic jam slowed down thousands of vehicles for more than 100 kilometers (60 mi). ◦ Many drivers were able to move their vehicles only 1 km (0. 6 mi) per day.

Why is ITS Important? Congestion (or) Traffic Jams ◦ Sao Paulo, Brazil—November 2013 ◦ The Brazilian city recorded its longest traffic jam ever last November, stretching out over 192 miles. ◦ The city regularly gets 100 mile-plus traffic jams on Friday evenings.

Why is ITS Important? Congestion (or) Traffic Jams ◦ Border of East and West Germany — April 1990 ◦ During the first Easter holiday after the fall of the Berlin Wall, some 18 million cars were stuck on the road.

Why is ITS Important? Environmental factors: ◦ Chicago, Illinois—February 2011 winter 2011 dumped over 20 twenty inches of snow onto Chicago.

Why is ITS Important? Deaths: ◦ In India, 1, 37, 423 people were killed and 4, 69, 900 people were injured in road traffic crashes in India in 2013 (NCRB 2013). Economy: ◦ Around 20% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Indian economy suffers because of Road Accidents.

Intelligent Transportation System.

Benefits of ITS Time Savings Improved Throughput Reduced Crashes and Fatalities Cost Avoidance Increased Customer Satisfaction Energy and Environmental Benefits

Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) VANET can be viewed as component of the intelligent transportation systems (ITS). VANET is a form of MANET. Roadside base station Emergency event Inter-vehicle communications Vehicle-to-roadside communications

VANET COMMUNICATION Two types of Communication ◦ Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) IVC is completely infrastructure-free; Only onboard units (OBUs) sometimes also called in-vehicle equipment (IVE) performs Communication. Uses DSRC. ◦ Roadside to Infrastructure Communication All communications take place between roadside infrastructure (RSU) and Vehicles (OBUs). Uses IEEE 802. 11 p

VANET Communication Architecture

ITS & VANET Requirements Automated Vehicles: Onboard Sensors Global Positioning System Transceiver Automated Highway System:

VANET Challenges Dynamic Topology Change in Vehicle Density Cooperative Communication Vehicle Dynamics – High Velocity High Speed Communication Fast Decision making. Anonymity and Data Security Effective Protected Frequency Band Scalability Mandatory Sensor Data

ITS Possible ? Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA) , US Department of Transportation “From VII to Intelli. Drive” VII – Vehicle Infrastructure Integration Intelligent Drive. http: //www. slideshare. net/jonnyblue 8/intellig ent-transportation-system-13179118 http: //www. its. dot. gov/press/initiatives 4. htm

Scenario – Safety use cases Cooperative Forward Collision Warning Pre-Crash Sensing/Warning Hazardous Location V 2 V Notification

Scenario – Traffic Efficiency use cases Enhanced Route Guidance and Navigation Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory V 2 V Merging Assistance

Scenario – Infotainment and Others use cases Internet Access in Vehicle Point of Interest Notification Remote Diagnostics

Applications Overview Global Positioning Systems Weather information systems Bus Information System Traffic and transit management Real-time information Parking Incident management Emergency management Electronic toll collection Commercial vehicle operations

Global Positioning Systems The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U. S. Department of Defense. GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980 s, the government made the system available for civilian use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day.

Weather information systems Monitor the weather information

Bus Information System Public Transport Information ◦ Countdown: Real-time Bus Stop Information (London, UK)

Traffic and transit management Traffic Signals Monitoring throughput: - Recommended speeds - Ramp metering Incident Management Signal priority for: - Emergency vehicles - Public transport Ramp metering

Real-time information Automobile traffic Public transport Parking Airport arrivals/departures News, banking, stocks…

Parking Information on availability Guidance to: - Available facility - Actual spot

Incident management CCATS & CCIDS: Video-Based Solutions for Data Collection and Incident Detection (Europe)

Emergency management Pre-trip, On-trip, emergency ◦ AA ITS Service (UK) ◦ ADAC ITS Services (Germany)

Electronic toll collection (ETC) makes it possible for vehicles to drive through toll gates at traffic speed, reducing congestion at toll plazas and automating toll collection. Originally ETC systems were used to automate toll collection, but more recent innovations have used ETC to enforce congestion pricing through cordon zones in city centers and ETC lanes.

Electronic toll collection Electronic Payment ◦ HAMLET 2 - Toll Collection on Motorways (France) ◦ ETC - Electronic toll collection (Taiwan)

Commercial vehicle operations Fleet Management ◦ Taxi ◦ Buses ◦ Vans and Lorries ◦ Emergency Vehicle Security and Safety ◦ Tracking of Stolen Vehicle ◦ Tracing of emergency vehicle ◦ Tracking of Hazardous Goods

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