In case you have any technical issues follow

In case you have any technical issues follow the steps described below. Connect to the Internet directly if possible. Wireless connections can slow down the performance. Wear your microphone and headphones. This will help you take full advantage of the audio performance during the webinar. Refresh your web browser. If you still have any technical problems refresh your browser or use a different one.

nkar

Let’s begin the lesson! TOEFL IBT Listening Section Comparison and contrast essays. Participial phrases. Dangling participles.

Lesson Objectives Rhetorical Focus: • Compare and contrast essay Language Focus: • Participial Phrases • Dangling Participles

Rhetorical Focus Comparison and contrast essays • methods of organization • unity and coherence in comparison/contrast essays

Venn Diagram Topic A Topic B

Methods Of Organization • Block Organization • Point-by-point Organization

Block Organization Introduction Get your reader's attention and state your purpose which is to discuss the differences between vacationing in the mountains and on the beach. Vacation in the Mountains, (A) the climate, (B) the types of activities, and (C) the location. Vacation on the Beach, (A) the climate, (B) the types of activities, and (C) the location. Conclusion Summarize your ideas and leave the reader with a good impression.

Point-by-point Organization Introduction The first difference between vacationing at the beach or in the mountains is the climate. The second difference between vacationing at the beach and in the mountains is the type of activities. The third difference between vacationing at the beach or in the mountains is the location. Conclusion

Activity 1. Read Each Topic And Outline. Decide Whether The Method Of Organization For The Essay Is Comparison, Contrast, Or Comparison/Contrast. 1. Topic: basketball and tennis a) Tennis requires a great deal of stamina, and basketball does, too. b) In both sports, there is a great deal of action, and players score numerous points. c) Tennis and basketball are popular in countries all over the world.

Activity 1. Read Each Topic And Outline. Decide Whether The Method Of Organization For The Essay Is Comparison, Contrast, Or Comparison/Contrast. 2. Topic: the female characters in children’s stories and the male characters in children’s stories a. The male characters usually play the hero roles while the females usually play the helpless roles. b. The female characters are usually described in terms of their physical appearance, but the male characters are described in terms of their abilities. c. Though female characters often have to make some sort of sacrifice, male characters rarely do. 3. Topic: Spanish and English a. Spanish and English use a similar alphabet. In addition, the basic grammar of the two languages is very similar. b. Spanish verb conjugation is much more detailed than that of English. In addition, English nouns have fewer forms than Spanish nouns.

Activity 2. For Each Topic And Method Of Organization Complete The Outlines With Appropriate Supporting Points. 1. a. cats as pets and dogs as pets (compare) Similarity 1; Similarity 2; Similarity 3. b. cats as pets and dogs as pets (contrast) Difference 1; Difference 2; Difference 3. 2. a. Your native language and English (compare) Similarity 1; Similarity 2; Similarity 3. b. Your native language and English (contrast) Difference 1; Difference 2; Difference 3. 3. a. using the library for sources to write a research paper and using the Internet (compare) Similarity 1; Similarity 2; Similarity 3. b. using the library for sources to write a research paper and using the Internet (contrast) Difference 1; Difference 2; Difference 3.

Transition Signals Both (noun) and (noun) Example Both mathematics and biology are required subjects for graduation. Not only…but also… Example Not only the electrician but also the carpenters are working overtime.

Transition Signals Nevertheless Example The instructor told the students to write exactly five paragraphs in the last essay. Nevertheless, some students wrote essays with only four paragraphs.

Transition Signals On one hand … on the other hand Example I’m trying to decide whether to buy a new car. On one hand, I really need a new car. On the other hand, I could save a lot of money by taking the bus or riding my bike for the rest of the summer.

Transition Signals In contrast, whereas Example Traditional banks have very high overhead expenses. In contrast, internet banks do not have the usual kinds of overhead expenses to worry about. The weather in summer months is hot and humid, whereas the weather in fall is cool and dry.

Transition Signals Unlike + noun Example Unlike his father, Bob did not pursue a job in banking. Like + noun Example Like his father, Bob did not pursue a job in banking.

Transition Signals Conversely Example The trim on this house is white against grey. Conversely, the trim on the next house is grey against white. . Although, even though, though Example Although (even though, though) women were important in the development of many kinds of early medicine, they were rarely given credit.

Practice Comparison/contrast essay sample Elementary School and Middle School What is it like to transition from elementary to middle school? That is a question many kids ask each year. Having experienced both, I can tell you that there are plenty of similarities as well as some very big differences between the two types of schools. Elementary schools and middle schools have many traits in common. Typically, both are open five days a week for a set number of hours each day. Students sit at desks in classrooms and are expected to listen to and learn from their teachers. There is a set time for lunch. Each day, students are given homework assignments. Students take quizzes and tests. In all of these ways, middle school should feel somewhat familiar to new students.

Practice Comparison/contrast essay sample However, there are some big changes that new middle school students should be aware of. In elementary school, students usually stay in the same classroom with one teacher for most of the day. That is not the case in middle school, where students typically have a different teacher for each subject. Students must move to a different classroom for each subject too. Since there is not one classroom in which to store supplies, middle schools often provide students with lockers. For many kids, getting a locker is a welcome rite of passage. Making the move from elementary school to middle school may seem scary, but knowing what to expect can really help. Elementary school provides kids with the experiences they need to be ready for middle school. Even though moving on means adjusting to a new environment, some things, including many of the classmates who accompany you, will remain the same.

Language Focus • Participial Phrases • Dangling Participles

Participial Phrases A participle is an adjective formed from a verb. There are two kinds of participles: -ing participles (called present participles) and -ed participles (called past participles). Example a sleeping baby a used car a frightening experience a frightened child

Participial Phrases A participial phrase contains a participle + other words. Use participial phrases to modify nouns and pronouns. Example Students planning to graduate in June must make an appointment with the registrar. Airport security will question anyone found with a suspicious object in their baggage.

Participial Phrases Use participial phrases to improve your writing style. • If you write sentences with a lot of which's, who's, and that's, consider reducing some adjectives clauses to participial phrases. • If you write short, choppy sentences, consider combining them by using participial phrases. • Vary your sentence openings by occasionally starting a sentence with a participial phrase Example First-born children are often superachievers. They feel pressure to behave well and to excel in school. First-born children, feeling pressure to behave well and to excel in school, are often superachievers. Feeling pressure to behave well and to excel in school, first-born children are often superachievers.

Activity 1. Combine These Sentences Using Participial Phrases. 1. Megan rushed to help the victims. She had witnessed the auto accident only moments before. 2. Ann rode her bicycle to the store. She was pedaling furiously. 3. I reached into the water. I grabbed the fish by the tail. 4. The teacher handed the essay back to Elaine. She praised its clear, readable style. 5. Juanita describes the conflict between old and new ideas. She does this as she writes about Navajo culture. 6. The pigeon tried to move his injured wing. It struggled to get free.

Dangling Participles (Illogical Participial Modifiers) A participial phrase can be used to join two sentences with a common subject. When the two phrases do not share a common subject, we call the participial phrase an illogical participial modifier. Actually the subject of the participial phrase is understood rather than explicit. Incorrect After jumping out of the boat, the shark bit the man. Correct After jumping out of the boat, the man was bitten by a shark.

Activity 2. Correct The Sentences With Dangling Modifiers 1. Before singing the school song, a poem was recited. 2. After winning the tennis match, the victory made Nancy jump for joy. 3. Before playing ball, a two-minute period was observed by the baseball players for their recently deceased teammate. 4. Being thoroughly dissatisfied with the picture, it was hidden in the closet. 5. Plunging into the water, the drowning child was rescued. 6. Being an early riser, it was easy for Edna to adjust to her company’s new summer schedule.

Lesson Objectives Rhetorical Focus: • Compare and contrast essay Language Focus: • Participial Phrases • Dangling Participles

Thanks for attending! Feel free to leave your questions on our Facebook group posts and comments. Facebook group name: TOEFL and IELTS Webinars