Impressionist Music Claude Debussy – Elusive moods and haunting sensations – Debussy’s musical compositions were often inspired by the visual arts. Igor Stravinsky – Ballets based on Russian folk tales – Unusual dancing, pulsating rhythms, sharp dissonances. – (one show caused a riot in theater)
Late 19 th-century Politics. Post 1894—decline in democracy Jews in Europe 1. Emancipated post 1848, especially in France and Germany. 2. Severely persecuted in eastern Europe, especially Russia and the Ukraine.
3. Rise in anti-Semitism—seen in nationalistic political parties in Austria (Christian Socialists) and Germany (Christian Social Workers). 4. Also, in the Anti-Semitic League and Dreyfus Affair in France— 1895. 5. La France Juive—anti-Semitic pamphlet published by Edouard Drumont of the Anti-Semitic League.
Zionist Movement Theodor Herzl—The Jewish State— response to antisemitism.
Liberalism in Great Britain 1. David Lloyd George and liberal party shifted to a more modern day liberal image—embraced values of the Labour Party on the left. Abandoned old liberal ideas of laissez-faire. 2. National Insurance Act of 1911— sickness and unemployment benefits. Beginning of welfare state. 3. Weakened House of Lords in 1911
France’s Third Republic 1. 1895 -1906 Dreyfus Affair— highlighted anti-semitism. Ended up backfiring for conservatives. Church divorced from state schools and other activities. Church lands seized. Army purged of anti-republican members.
Emile Zola’s essay J’accuse was a scathing indictment of the government’s mishandling fo the affair.
Germany 1. Growing tension—more industrialized economy, thus more industrial workers. Socialist Democratic Party became the largest party in the Reichstag. 2. Bismarck wasn’t into imperialism (“All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the elections, ”) but conservatives later persuaded Wilhelm II to support to boost nationalism. It was a good political distraction. 3. Pan-German League stressed nationalism and imperialism—right wing group
Russia Sergey Witte-Finance Minister 1. Focused on industrializing Russia, building rail lines, such as the Trans. Siberian railway, and implementing protective tariffs. Steel production increased. 2. Russo-Japanese War 1904 -1905— fought of access to Korea—Russia lost. 3. Led to 1905 Rev. sparked after Bloody Sunday
Austria-Hungary 1. Nationality problem never settled. 2. Right to vote led to more agitation from minorities. Prime Ministers just ignored Parliament. 3. German nationalist groups rose up in response. 4. Hungary kept in line by the threat of democracy for its minorities.
Imperialism 1. Review from last year. All the motives. 2. Germany last to enter in to the imperialist ranks. Berlin Conference 1884 -1885—plan to divide up Africa. 3. China. Opium War 1839 -1842, Boxer Rebellion 1900 -1901 and Open Door Policy, 1899.
Africa from 1878 to 1914 1. What changes to you see between the map in the bottom left and the map on the top right? What could explain these changes?
Social Darwinism Henry Spencer was the main advocate of this ideology. Racial superiority as advocated by Houston Stewart Chamberlain in The Foundations of the 19 th-Century
– 5. More benign, but equally racist was the White Man’s burden: The belief that it is the White Man’s moral obligation to civilize the “savage” peoples of the world. This belief is centered on racial superiority. – How does the cartoon to the left depict the White Man’s burden?
What’s this?
Key Events in Africa 1. Suez Canal 1857 2. Berlin Conference 1882 3. Belgian Congo under Leopold (1882 -1905) 4. Failed Italian invasion of Ethiopia (1896) 5. Late arrival of Germany. Why? 6. Successful Italian invasion of Libya (1912) 7. Boer War 1899 -1902 8. Cecil Rhodes’ influence
Take up the White Man's burden, Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile, to serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Halfdevil and half-child.
Key Events in Asia 1. Sepoy Rebellion 1857 2. Peace of Paris after 7 Years’ War-1763 3. Opium War 1839 -42 4. Spheres of Influence in China 5. Boxer Rebellion 6. US Open Door Policy 7. Russo-Japanese War 1905 8. Japanese occupation of Korea 1910 9. US asserts dominance in Philippines after Span-Amer war 1898. 10. Thailand remains neutral. Why?
“To the Weak Relation” 1864
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