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IMPERIALISM: l THE POLITICAL EXPANSION OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY WHICH TAKES CONTROL AWAY IMPERIALISM: l THE POLITICAL EXPANSION OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY WHICH TAKES CONTROL AWAY FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF A LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY.

MERCANTILISM l l THE ECONOMIC PRACTICE OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY TAKING THE RESOURCES MERCANTILISM l l THE ECONOMIC PRACTICE OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY TAKING THE RESOURCES OF A LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY TO ENRICH ITSELF. THE POWERFUL COUNTRY ALSO ESTABLISHES OR EXPANDS ITS MARKETS IN THE LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY (TO SELL STUFF THERE).

COLONIALISM l THE PRACTICE OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY ESTABLISHING SETTLEMENTS OR COMMUNITIES IN COLONIALISM l THE PRACTICE OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY ESTABLISHING SETTLEMENTS OR COMMUNITIES IN A LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY (OCCUPATION).

NATIONALISM l l A FEELING OF CONNECTEDNESS AMONG THE CITIZENS OF A COUNTRY. IT NATIONALISM l l A FEELING OF CONNECTEDNESS AMONG THE CITIZENS OF A COUNTRY. IT GROWS, STRENGTHENS, AND OPPOSES THE INVADERS IN RESPONSE TO IMPERIALISM, MERCANTILISM, AND COLONIALISM.

Why imperialize? ¡ ¡ ¡ Raw materials New markets for products Economic advantages Political Why imperialize? ¡ ¡ ¡ Raw materials New markets for products Economic advantages Political power worldwide Feeling of cultural superiority and desire to spread own ideas Keeping up with other superpowers

Why NOT imperialize? ¡ ¡ Costs money to defend colonies Could lead us into Why NOT imperialize? ¡ ¡ Costs money to defend colonies Could lead us into wars Native people hate us Goes against our Constitution

Josiah Strong: we need new places to expand—let’s look overseas! Josiah Strong: we need new places to expand—let’s look overseas!

Alfred T. Mahan: we need naval bases! Alfred T. Mahan: we need naval bases!

Spanish-American War, aka “the splendid little war, ” 1898 Spanish-American War, aka “the splendid little war, ” 1898

America vs. Spain. . . WHY? America vs. Spain. . . WHY?

Sinking of the Maine blamed on Spain Sinking of the Maine blamed on Spain

Letter by Spanish minister De Lome criticizing our President Letter by Spanish minister De Lome criticizing our President

Yellow journalism: Hearst, Pulitzer Yellow journalism: Hearst, Pulitzer

Concentration camps set up by General Valeriano Weyler in Cuba by Spain Concentration camps set up by General Valeriano Weyler in Cuba by Spain

Poetry of Jose Marti, from Cuba Poetry of Jose Marti, from Cuba

Fighting in Cuba (San Juan Hill) Roosevelt’s Rough Riders Fighting in Cuba (San Juan Hill) Roosevelt’s Rough Riders

Philippines (Manila Bay) under Dewey Philippines (Manila Bay) under Dewey

Fighting also took place in Puerto Rico Fighting also took place in Puerto Rico

When war ends: • Spain loses badly • Cuba gains independence from Spain • When war ends: • Spain loses badly • Cuba gains independence from Spain • US acquires Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (for $20 million)

US RELATIONS WITH SIX NATIONS US RELATIONS WITH SIX NATIONS

HAWAII HAWAII

Important information Good soil Along key trade routes Hawaiian sugar exempt from tariffs in Important information Good soil Along key trade routes Hawaiian sugar exempt from tariffs in exchange for Pearl Harbor base Bayonet Constitution American sugar plantation owners help overthrow Queen Liliuokalani Independent under Sanford Dole 1894 -98; then annexed to US; 50 th state in 1959

CHINA CHINA

Important information about China n n n China opened 5 ports in 1843, tried Important information about China n n n China opened 5 ports in 1843, tried to keep most foreigners out Attacked by Japan West took advantage and created spheres of influence (Britain, France, Germany, Russia) US suggests Open Door policy to get equal access to China Boxer Rebellion in 1900 against foreigners

Important information about Japan n Becomes imperialist, modeled on Western countries n 1904—Russo-Japanese War Important information about Japan n Becomes imperialist, modeled on Western countries n 1904—Russo-Japanese War n Teddy Roosevelt got Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating a peace treaty n Great white fleet from US

CUBA CUBA

Important information n n n Cuba trying to get independence from Spain since 1868 Important information n n n Cuba trying to get independence from Spain since 1868 Spanish-American War--independence Teller Amendment stated US would not interfere with Cuba’s government after independence Platt Amendment removed US troops from Cuba but reserved the right for US to intervene in Cuban affairs; protectorate Guantanamo Bay Today, Cuba is communist; embargo

PUERTO RICO PUERTO RICO

Important information § US got Puerto Rico as part of the deal at end Important information § US got Puerto Rico as part of the deal at end of Spanish-American War § Foraker Act, 1900—governor and upper house appointed by US, lower house by people of PR § Jones Act, 1917—US citizenship, right for PR to elect both houses § Since 1952, a self-governing commonwealth

Philippines Philippines

Important information n n n Bought by US for $20 million at end of Important information n n n Bought by US for $20 million at end of Spanish. American War Huge debate over annexation Three-year war against the US led by Emilio Aguinaldo; several hundred thousand Filipinos and over 4000 Americans died Philippine Government Act, 1902—governor and upper house appointed by US Jones Act, 1916—right for Filipinos to elect both houses July 4, 1946 --independence

PANAMA PANAMA

Important information § Trying to shorten distance between oceans § 1880 s, France tries Important information § Trying to shorten distance between oceans § 1880 s, France tries to build canal across Isthmus of Panama § 1901—US offers Colombia $10 million and yearly rental of $250, 000; Colombia wants more § US helps Panama declare independence from Colombia § Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty—US gets control over 10 -milewide canal zone § Dr. Gorgas identifies mosquito as carrier of malaria, eliminates standing water § Control over canal went to Panama in 2000

IMPERIALISM—GOOD OR BAD? IMPERIALISM—GOOD OR BAD?