IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION T. Govindaraj
“Education is the manifestation of perfection in Man” – Swami Vivekananda
Education and Human Resource Development • Labor – One among the four factors of production • Labor without education and training is physical and unskilled labor • Education a source of Human Resource Development • U. S. A Experience – Human Capital Formation • T. W. Schultz • Mark Blaug • A. M Nalla Gounder Model For UDC • Quality Higher Education – Knowledge Export.
Indian Educational System • Oriental • God Headed • Guru Kula system – meant for affluent section
Indian Educational System after 1834 • T. B. Maculay an English Parliamentarian prepared the pattern of education for India in 1834. • Schools were started to teach English and General Subjects • In 1857 – Madras, Calcutta , Bombay universities were started – Three presidency Colleges were started by the Government and affiliated to the respective universities on the basis of the London University.
Types of University • • • Affiliating University Unitary university Residential University Deemed to be university Specialized university
University Administration • 369 Universities • Many are public funded • In the last 50 years- no. of colleges and student strength increased. • Knowledge based teaching – know why method • University Grants commission – Apex body for higher education under the HR Ministry.
World Ranking of Indian Universities • First – 50 – Nil • First- 100 - Nil • First 200 - 13 Institutions – 6 IIMs and 7 IITs - know how pattern of education.
Quality of higher Education • Remarkable achievements of western universities • Student migration to American, West European, Russian and Chinese Universities. • Indian students are larger in number in any university abroad in search of quality education • New subjects – new methodology- inter disciplinary • Source of revenue for advanced countries.
Indian Scenario • National Knowledge Commission has recommended 1500 universities for India. • India has sizeable percentage of population in the age group of 16 -25. • Globalized world is in need of human resources in the field of science, technology, medicine etc. • India has the scope for knowledge export • 150 years of university education especially in English medium has the scope for attracting students from other countries.
• GATS 2005 – India signed the General Agreement on Trade in service- no barrier for service in any part of the world. • Any Foreign university can start its branch in India – any Indian university can open up its centre in any country.
Recent Developments In India • New Colleges and universities under Self Financing Scheme (Private) • Autonomous status to colleges • Degree Conferring status to colleges • Accreditation by Professional bodies like NAAC • Supervision and Control by Professional Bodies like MCI, AICTE • Job Oriented courses for employability • Add on courses – Certificate, Diploma
Budget Provision 2008 -09 • 12 Central Universities in addition to the existing 18 Central universities • Rs. 3280 crores for starting 12 Central Universities • 30 World Class universities in the next five years • 8 IITs and 7 IIMs in 2008 -09 • Salary hike to teachers by 70%
Accredited colleges and univesities-2006 Colleges § A < 10 % § B 66 % § C 24 % Universities • A 32% • B 52% • C 16 %
Expansion of Higher Education 1950 No. of Universities No. of Colleges No. of Teachers No. of Students 2008 25 431 700 20677 15000 5. 05 Lakhs 1 Lakh 116. 12 Lakhs
Program for 11 th Plan • 30 Central Universities • 8 New IITs, 20 NITS, 20 IIITs, 3 IISERs, 7 IIMs and 2 SPAs • 373 New Colleges in Backward District • New Polytechnics in Unserved District • 500 new Community Polytechnics • 210 new Community Colleges
Finally, a definition of globalization that I can understand to which I now can relate: Question: What is the truest definition of Globalization?
Answer Princess Diana‘s death. Question: How come? Answer : An English princess with an Egyptian boyfriend crashes in a French tunnel, driving a German car with a Dutch engine, driven by a Belgian who was drunk on Scottish whisky, (check the bottle before you change the spelling), Followed closely by Italian Paparazzi, on Japanese motorcycles; treated by an American doctor, using Brazilian medicines.
This is sent to you by an American, Using Bill Gate's technology, And you're probably reading this on your computer that uses Taiwanese chips, and a Korean monitor, Assembled by Bangladeshi workers in a Singapore plant, transported by Indian lorry-drivers, Hijacked by Indonesians, unloaded by Sicilian longshoremen, And trucked to you by Mexican illegal. . . That, my friends, is Globalization!
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