IEEE 802 11 Technologies Amer Hassan Architect amerh microsoft

IEEE 802. 11 Technologies Amer Hassan, Architect amerh@microsoft. com Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 2

The Vision – Dream Network “Pervasive Collaborative Computing” Faster and More Pervasive More Secure Windows Networking and Device Technologies More Deployable and Manageable Ease At Home January 27, 2005 3

Video Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005

IEEE 802. 21, IEEE 802. 18 802. 19 Wireless Standards IEEE 802. 15. 4 (Zigbee Alliance) Sensors RFID (Auto. ID Center) RAN IEEE 802. 22 WAN IEEE 802. 20 IEEE 802. 16 e IEEE 802. 16 d Wi. MAX IEEE 802. 11 Wi-Fi Alliance IEEE 802. 15. 3 UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA Windows Networking and Device Technologies MAN LAN PAN 3 GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3 GPP 2 (1 X--/CDMA 2000) GSMA, OMA ETSI Hiper. MAN & HIPERACCESS ETSI-BRAN Hiper. LAN 2 ETSI Hiper. PAN January 27, 2005 5

Growing 802. 11 Standards 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 11 u 11 ma . 11 s, . 11 v, . 11 T, . 11 r, . 11 p 11 n 11 k 11 j 11 i 11 h 11 g 11 f 11 e 11 d 11 c 11 b 11 a 802. 11 Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 6

Wi-Fi Industry Status • Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets. Choice split between. 11 a or. 11 g • Price gap for. 11 g and. 11 a/g is decreasing rapidly; . 11 b only devices on steep decline • Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with technical enhancements - WMM, . 11 i, . 11 k, . 11 r • Security solutions acceptable (WPA 2, PEAPv 2); security deployment issues being addressed • Hotspot roaming agreements identified as critical to carriers & ISPs • Standardization started for 802. 11 n with 2 strong proposals Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 7

What is the situation? Have not Deployed Wi-Fi Have Deployed Wi-Fi Unable to justify ROI of a new infrastructure Justified ROI • Saves on infrastructure & real estate • Improves productivity in manufacture plants • Allows flexible employee work practices Concerned 802. 11 security is not adequate Compensates for limits of current technology • Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA 2 • Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, . 1 X Concerned 802. 11 standards unstable Deployed what meets current needs (11 a, 11 b, 11 g…) • Planning to upgrade to. 11 a then. 11 n Concerned about managing another network & provisioning users Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking • Deployments are tightly controlled • Not a show stopper compared to ROI Waiting for the benefits to outweigh the risks Looking forward to making strategic investments • Vo. IP & video streaming • New customer services & products Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 8

Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios Technology Wi. MAX UWB Bluetooth 3 GPP/2 RFID Zigbee LAN for Enterprise - - - LAN for Home - - - Home multiple A/V distribution - (audio streaming) - - - Backhauling and last mile Wide Area Mobility Wi-Fi Propriet ary sol’n - - - Cable/device Replacement - Mesh Networking Enterp/ Home/N Neighborhood Mesh Home Mesh - - - Sensor Networking - - - - Inventory Control Auto PC - Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 9

802. 11 n and all that jazz… Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005

What do Home users want? • Range: reliable wireless networking throughout the home • High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for high quality audio and video • Throughput! • HDTV-720 in the US @ 16 Mbps (MPEG 2) • HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG 2) • Next generation Media Center will support 2 concurrent video streaming, and by. 11 n ratification 4 concurrent streaming • For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture, and Internet access, 100 Mbps UDP level throughput is easily consumed Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 11

Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for the first time in 2004 US Home Networking Purchases (in millions) Windows Networking. Jupiter. Research Home Networking Model, 8/04 (US Only) Source: and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 12

What do service providers need? • Highest possible consumer satisfaction… consumers will blame the Service Provider • Qo. S is primary requirement – video and high throughput (mobile) data sessions • Management capability to the devices • Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh • High rate for outdoor to indoor 150 m operation Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 13

What would make IT Pro excited? • • • High return on investment High level of security Ease of deployment Manageability of clients and APs Diagnosis Highly available networking Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 14

General applications set forth by the Wi-Fi Alliance Applications and target markets Transmission characteristics Application Examples Type Rate Duration/ volume Audio/Video 1 HDTV and DV viewing for commercial & domestics use Constant (low jitter) 27 Mbps Hours Audio/Video 2 SDTV viewing for commercial and domestic use Constant (low jitter) 6 Mbps Hours Audio/Video 3 Video conferencing with Vo. IP Constant (low jitter) 2 Mbos < 1 hr Interactive 1 Interactive gaming, Internet Browsing, Email Variable 2 Mbps 1 hr Interactive 2 Vo. IP, Internet gaming Constant with intervals . 2 MB/s 1 min – 1 hr Bulk transfer Flash downloads file transfer, media transfer Variable 30 Mbps 10 MB – 10 GB Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 15

IEEE 802. 11 Initiative: start of. 11 n • Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100 Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP) • Modifications to both the 802. 11 physical layers (PHY) and the 802. 11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are allowed with baseline 802. 11 & its amendments to support high throughput • Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network capacity, (peak and average power consumption), spectral flexibility, backward compatibility, and coexistence (3 channel models) Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 16

Channel models Environment Setting Residential Intra-room, Room to room, Indoor to outdoor, Large multifamily dwelling Small/medium office Enclosed office, meeting room, classroom, bus, train Large office Cubes, offices, multistory office space Large space: indoor/outdoor Hotspots: airport, library, Convention Center, factory, hospital Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 17

Functional requirements of. 11 n Requirement Description HT rate supported in 20 MHz channel at least one mode of operation supports 100 Mbps throughput at the top of the MAC SAP in a 20 MHz channel Works in the 5 GHz bands Protocol supports 5 GHz bands (including those supported by. 11 a) . 11 a backwards compatibility Some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with. 11 a . 11 g backwards compatibility in 2. 4 GHz, some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with. 11 g Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 18

Functional requirements of. 11 n (cont) Requirement Description . 11 e Qo. S support The proposal must permit implementation of the 802. 11 e options within a. 11 n STA Spectral Efficiency The highest throughput mode of the proposal should achieve a spectral efficiency of at least 3 bps/Hz for the PSDU Control of support for legacy STA from. 11 n AP A. 11 n AP can be configured to reject or accept associations from legacy STA because they are legacy STA Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 19

Link Level Throughput & Range Infotainment Throughput Business 80 Services 25 150 20 Range throughput required in typical hotspot settings Windows Networking and Device Technologies – Microsoft Confidential 20 Amer. H January 20, 2005

. 11 n proposals • 32 proposals, 4 complete (Sept 04, Nov 04) • • TGn Sync WWISE Motorola/Mitsubishi Qualcom • Down select and merger (Jan 05) • TGn Sync • WWISE • Further down select (March 05) Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 21

Roadmap • • • Activity started in Q 4 ‘ 02 Par/5 Criteria: March ’ 03 Functional Requirements: Nov ‘ 03 Usage Models: May ’ 04 Comparison Criteria: May ‘ 04 Proposals: Sept ’ 04 … convergence, plug fests, beta, … Ratification: Sept ’ 06 Wi-Fi Certification: Sept ‘ 06 Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 22

IEEE 802. 11 n basics: 2 main proposals (TGn SYNC & WWISE) Key Points TGn SYNC WWISE Members Agere, Atheros Cisco, Intel, Mitsubishi Philips, Sony Toshiba, Qualcom, Nortel, Samsung, Marvel, Panasonic, Tohoku Univ, Nokia, Infocom Research, Sanyo Broadcom, TI, Airgo Networks, Conexant, Buffalo, Ralink, ETRI, HNS, Realtek, STM, Trellis. Ware, Winbond Electronics UDP data rate 200+ Mbps/40 MHz 100+ Mbps/20 MHz MAC basic technology accommodate both EDCA and HCCA Packet sizes 0 to 64 KB PSDUs Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 23

Throughput enhancement Features TGn Sync WWISE Bandwidth (M) 20 MHz mode (M) 40 MHz, whenever regulatory domain permits this extension (M) 20 MHz mode (O) 40 MHz mode MIMO-OFDM-SDM (M) 2 spatial streams @ 20 MHz mode Higher code rate (R) (M) R= ½, 2/3, ¾, 7/8 (M) R= ½, 2/3, ¾, 5/6 Regular coding scheme (M) Convolutional code Advanced Coding scheme (O) LDPC Space Time Block Code (N) (M) Mandatory (O) Optional LDPC (O) (N) Not available Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 24

Both proposals do some form of aggregation Legacy Burst Preamble + PLCP Header FCS MPDU Payload MPDU Header Preamble PLCP header PSDU 3 FCS MPDU Payload Preamble PLCP header FCS MPDU Payload MPDU Header Preamble PLCP header Perform aggregation MPDU Header PSDU 2 PSDU 1 SIFS A-PSDU Preamble + PLCP headers + SIFS will be saved Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU Windows Networking and Device Technologies – Microsoft Confidential 25 Amer. H January 20, 2005

Aggregation TGn Sync WWi. SE New control frames Y N New data frame Y N New mgt frame Y Y M(P)SDU Aggregation Y Y A-MSDU aggregation N Y Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 26

Wish list! • Coexistence through Spectrum sharing • Use of DFS, TPC, LBT, … • Turbo coding • Low gate count (200 K), but IPR • High gate count (800 K), but no IPR • Space-time block coding (Alamouti) • Provides great performance • Flexible architecture for closed loop • Keep it simple! Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 27

Windows Wireless Strategy: Summary Technology WPAN: 802. 15 (UWB), Bluetooth CY 04 -CY 06 Investments • BT PAN module • UWB Strategic exploration Challenges • Few BT PAN products • No IP over UWB spec • WW regulations for UWB WLAN: 802. 11 • Security • WPS • Extensibility • Diagnostics • Group Policy • Fragmented user experience • Poor penetration in enterprise • Multiple auth protocols • Several. 11 n proposals Wi. MAX: • Strategic exploration • Extensibility • 802. 16 e roadmap 802. 16 Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 28

Call to action – drive best user experience! • Usability: demand interoperability, and improved UIs for wireless technologies • Security: demand Standards based security with 802. 1 X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA 1&2 • Availability & coexistence: share spectrum with minimum interference amerh@microsoft. com Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 29

Backup slides: Wi-Fi Alliance and Certification Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005

Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement • Certify the interoperability of products and services based on IEEE 802. 11 technology • Grow the global market for Wi-Fi® CERTIFIED products and services across all market segments, platforms, and applications Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 31

New Certificate & Logo Certificate inside packaging (optional) Windows Networking and Device Technologies • Logo on product packaging (mandatory) • Helps retailers and consumers January 27, 2005 32

Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap IEEE Standard Releases 802. 11 j 802. 11 k 802. 11 e 2004 2005 Q 1 Baseline 802. 11 h+d Security Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Extended EAP Simple Config WMM Scheduled Access Qo. S Applications 2006 CE Public Access WCC CE Phase 1 Phase 2 WMM Power Save Voice/Wi-Fi Certification Program Releases Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 33

Worldwide Wi-Fi Semiconductor Revenues by Application, 2003 - 2008 ($M) Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Windows Networking and Device Technologies Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008. January 27, 2005 34

Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M) Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Windows Networking and Device Technologies Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008. January 27, 2005 35

WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard* Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008. *Chart is estimate based on data in IDC Brief Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 36

2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer Devices by Application (n = $611 M) Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008. Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 37