ICT Infrastructures and Climate Change Chaesub Lee Chairman

ICT Infrastructures and Climate Change Chaesub Lee Chairman of ITU-T SG 13 (ETRI, Korea)

ICTs and Climate Change • ICTs are part of using Energy (generation and consumption) impact to Climate Change 2~2. 5 % • ICTs impact on using Energy (Delivery & consumption control) The use of ICT is predicted to reduce total global GHG’s by 15% by 2020. . . and grow to 40% by 2050 Source: Ge. Si & EC. Europa

Important to build “Green ICT” Green of ICT is part of the problem Green by ICT is a necessary part of the solution

Green of ICT vs Green by ICT o ‘Green of ICT’ influences only Green of ICT (2%) 845 million TCO 2 reduction effect Green by ICT (98%) 4. 89 billion TCO 2 reduction effect Global CO 2 Emissions Source : Gartner 2007 2% of global CO 2 emission, while ‘Green by ICT’ covers the other 98% o ‘Green of ICT’ can reduce 845 million TCO 2 worldwide, while ‘Green by ICT’ can lead to 4. 89 billion TCO 2 reduction globally o ’Green by ICT’ is approximately 5 times more effective than ‘Green of ICT’ in terms of CO 2 reduction

ICTs in terms of CC impacts * Ref: ITU-T FG on ICT&CC Deliverable 3 “Methodology”

Energy consumption trends of Network (ref. Internet) l Internet traffic is increasing exponentially l New network services: Tele-working, High Definition Video etc l Network power consumption will increase by 13 times (from 2006→ 2025), although ICT average will increase by 5 times Energy saving in Network should be a important issue * Ref: FGFN-C 25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009

Examples of energy saving points in Network Operation Energy saving by GPON Energy saving points of Router Energy consumption of one router: 7. 1 k. W x 24 hours x 365 days = 62, 600 k. Wh * Ref: ITU-T FG on ICT&CC Deliverable 4 “Direct and Indirect Impact of ITU-T Standards” * Ref: FGFN-C 25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009

Potential contribution of NGN(1/3) o Unified network architecture • Network convergence involves a migration from multiple separate networks to a unique IP based network and requires a centralization of applications and services control • the evolution to a unified network could allow telecom operators to share network equipment and management functions

Potential contribution of NGN(2/3) o advantages of centralization of NGN • Dissemination of smart terminals that are less energy and material intensive. • Reducing manufacturing complexity and electronic waste: cables, installation space, etc • Offering the possibility to share central, powerful, up-todate computing resources in data centres • Reducing the energy consumption of server farms. • Increasing efficiency (eco-efficiency) by requiring fewer premises • An NGN architecture can greatly reduces the number of centres required • An NGN architecture can eliminate the need for a close geographic link between the switching and data centre and users

Potential contribution of NGN(3/3) o Making use of Multiple Power Modes in NGNs related technology • • Full Power Mode Low Power Mode Stand by Hibernation o Elements in NGNs architecture where power consumption could be measured include • Transmission systems • Switching centres • Data centres

Key Features of Horizontal Network configuration * Ref: FGFN-C 25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009

Example from BT: NGN impact overall network operation N G N 30 ~ 40% Reduction of Sites • • • Resulting by More Broad bandwidth Extend Reachability Support Convergence Service vs. Transport Integrated Management Others

Energy considerations aspects of Network l Planning aspects: for example “Over-provisioning” vs. “Plannedprovisioning” and others l Operation aspects: for example “Always on” vs. “Stand by” and “Best effort” vs. “Managed” and others l Service aspects: Single media vs. Multimedia, Single service vs. Binding between services or Convergence between different service environments l System aspects: Data storages, OAM&P systems, Router, Switch, Transmission systems, Duct operation, Emergency Power Feeding and others l Office operation aspects: Number of Offices and people within offices, Office operation related systems (e. g. lights, ventilation, cooling, Heating and others) l Others § Requirements (Operation, Planning and Functions) § Capabilities for services and OAM&P (including Qo. S, Security and Mobility etc. ) § Functions and features allocation into functions impact § Protocols (for example to support “Stand by” mode) § System design and specification including power feeding conditions § others

Example of candidate trials: ECO Networking Technology l ECO Routing § Aggregate traffic into energysaving path § Implement sleep mode for routers where possible l ECO Switching § Forward packets on timeslot basis with time scheduling § Buffer-less forwarding without packet loss § No routing table necessary * ECO: Energy Cost saving Overlay * Ref: FGFN-C 25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009

Conclusion Expansion roles of ICTs l ICTs had mainly involved in limited industries such as Telecom, computing etc. l But ICTs are now becoming essential parts of life l Furthermore ICTs is being important parts of social, national and international infrastructures Roles of ICTs in Protecting Environments l ICTs are rather environment friend than other industrial technologies but also have contribution to environment change l ICTs are being widely used whole processes of protecting environment l Several ICTs technologies are used at the field of environment Position of NGN in Protecting Environments l NGN is a common infrastructure for enabling ICTs and other industries using ICTs l NGN provides benefits to mitigate GHG by itself including support various capabilities for protection of environments