I C S Integrated Communication Services The Network

I C S Integrated Communication Services The Network During the Crisis - A New York City Perspective Doug Carlson, Director of Network Services Tim Lance, President and Board Chair, NYSERNet

N ew York University

N ew York University o o Largest private university in US Located in Greenwich Village area of New York City o Concentrated North of Houston (No. Ho) up through 14 th Street School of Medicine and NYU Hospital near 21 st Street Residence Halls extend down to blocks away from Ground Zero

legend OC-3 OC-12 DS-3 NYSERNet 2000 Po. P Gateway Network Albany Syracuse Rochester CA*Net Buffalo Abilene New York Abilene v. BNS+ Topology of the NYSERNet Network.

R esearch Network x o o o o Connected Institutions (R&E Network) Amer. Museum of Natural History Columbia University Cornell University Hauptman-Woodward Institute * Marist College * New York University Pace University * Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute o o o o o Rochester Institute of Technology Rockefeller University SUNY Albany SUNY Binghamton SUNY Buffalo SUNY Stony Brook Syracuse University of Rochester Weill Medical College * Approved for Funding.

Manhattan Project Participants – Geographic Map

efore September 11 th B Photograph by Doug Carlson – 7/2001

mpact of September th 11 I Photograph by Doug Carlson – 9/23/2001

Relationship between 7 World Trade Center and 140 West Street prior to September 11 th.

Image of Manhattan from IKONOS Satellite taken Summer 2000. 60 Hudson Street Images courtesy www. spaceimages. com. 140 West Street World Trade Center

Image of Manhattan from IKONOS Satellite taken shortly after the attack on the World Trade Center. 60 Hudson Street Images courtesy www. spaceimages. com. 140 West Street World Trade Center

World Trade Center complex showing relationship between 7 World Trade Center and 140 West Street.

Photographs Copyright 2001 Verizon Communications. All rights reserved. Exterior view of 140 West Street showing debris and damage from collapse of 7 World Trade Center.

Photographs Copyright 2001 Verizon Communications. All rights reserved. An interior view of 140 West Street showing damage from collapse of 7 World Trade Center.

N etwork Status - NYSERNet o o o o As a result of the attack… CO at 140 West Street severely damaged. NYSERNet OC-48 SONET ring operational but no longer a ring. NYSERNet R&E Network operational. NYSERNet POP at 60 Hudson Street operational. Abilene connections operational. v. BNS+ connection down. R&E service for SUNY Stony Brook and AMNH is down.

N etwork Status - Commodity o o o o As a result of the attack… CO at 140 West Street severely damaged. Applied. Theory equipment largely undamaged. Applied. Theory Network operational. Applied. Theory POP at 60 Hudson Street operational. Customers connecting to 60 Hudson operational. Customers connecting at 140 West are down. Customers connecting via Garden City, Deer Park, and White Plains are down.

R estoring Service Restoring Service to Mt. Sinai & School of Medicine Prepared by Doug Carlson, New York University Photo of 140 West Street. Copyright 2001 Verizon Communications. All rights reserved.

R estoring Service o Post Attack o o o Phone systems immediately get overloaded o. Lines by all payphones in NYU area o. Manhattan phone and cell systems overwhelmed Access to Lower Manhattan impossible Pedestrian access limited below 14 th Steet (Union Square) o. Pedestrians required to have reason to go beyond checkpoint and be able to show ID o. Some students and others left ID behind

R estoring Service o Post Attack o o o Initially, no traffic below 14 th Street unless emergency or government vehicle o. NYU worked with Mayor’s office to get some critical deliveries through to NYU locations Most businesses and restaurants closed below 14 th Street NYU Administration establishes a Crisis Command Center o. Initially, did not have sufficient phone or data service

R estoring Service o o Post Attack Campus phone system becomes overloaded for a period of time (no dial-tone) Internet connections provide only reliable information links to family, friends, co-workers: o Email o Web o Instant Messaging Vo. IP (Cisco) phones used to communicate with staff unable to come into Manhattan and unable to get through on traditional telephone/cell systems

R estoring Service o o Post Attack Information Technology Services (ITS) takes point in keeping NYU community informed via Web, mass-mailings via email, voice mail announcements and Help Desk services. o Mt. Sinai Hospital traffic routed through NYU. o Phone banks set up to allow students to call home for free. o Temporary shelter set up for students and staff who were evacuated.

R estoring Service o o Post Attack Evacuated students and staff are relocated to hotels around the city: o Students given some money for essentials. o o o Arrangements are made to get new sets of books for students. Loans of laptops and desktop computers offered. Preparations made to increase dial-in capacity via ISP. (Eventually not needed due to students returning to their residence halls. )

R estoring Service Columbia, IP Telephony & The New York Academy of Medicine. Prepared by Alan Crosswell, Columbia University Photo of 140 West Street and WTC 7 courtesy of the Westchester Emergency Communications Association, www. weca. org

R estoring Service o o Early Morning, September 11 th Dealing with start of semester file server performance issues after a failed Summer file server upgrade project. Trying to get a handle on filtering Code Red with our Catalyst 6509’s. Turning off many user network ports for compromised hosts day in and day out.

R estoring Service o o Post Attack, September 11 th Trying to find out where all missing staff are. Discover phone trunks are overloaded. Send email to friends asking them to call our families and let them know we are OK.

R estoring Service o Post Attack, September 11 th o Administration establishes response team. They request that we: o o o Set up large lecture halls with CNN; Students are crowding around TV monitors in lounge areas. Establish net 2 phone-like functionality so students can phone home. Send a mass e-mail to the Columbia community from the President.

R estoring Service o o Getting CNN Out There, September 11 th Start planning to drag an IPTV encoder over to a cable box in a dorm. Staff drag some coax from a lounge TV monitor to a large lecture hall. Read on wg-multicast list that Northwestern has started multicasting CNN, but find our multicast connectivity is broken.

R estoring Service o o o Getting Phones Up, September 11 th One staff member tests net 2 phone…. Send email to Videnet & others + CS SIP group requesting use of PSTN gateways to route around local congestion. ~11 am. End up configuring H. 323 Polycoms via UNC Chapel Hill, and Cisco IP phones via Penn State, and SIP phones via 4 sites (Yale, Dynamicsoft, Nortel, Clarent).

R estoring Service o o o Getting Phones Up, September 11 th Net 2 phone works but it’s not easy & requires a credit card…. Polycoms work but also not so easy…. CS puts 4 SIP phones in CS conference room. 2: 20 pm We put 2 Cisco IP phones via Penn State in student center lobby. Just dial 8 and get a PSU dial tone and call home! 4: 00 pm.

R estoring Service o o Getting Phones Up, September 11 th By the time we had the IP phones in place trunk congestion had declined. We had many other Videnet sites offer their H. 323 – H. 320 PSTN gateways. Thanks to all of you!

R estoring Service o o o September 11 th Onward One of our dialup modem pools is out (and still out). A major expensive carrier. Our free T 1’s from a small carrier are up on our main pool. Weekly Email volume increased by 40% over prior week. Daily volume on Thursday 9/13 was 800, 000 messages: double last year’s.

R estoring Service o o September 11 th Onward Filtering SIRCAM, nimda, Code Red, WTC viruses. Turning off lots of ports of compromised hosts and attempting to deal with helping people reformat and reinstall their systems. Established outbound P 2 P traffic shaping.

R estoring Service o o o September 18 th After a week, NYAM’s T 1 service via 140 West St is still down and low priority for restoration. Set up an 802. 11 b link across Central Park and turn it up Wednesday 9/19.

R estoring Service Restoring Service to Rockefeller, Weill, & HSS. Prepared by Armand Gazes, The Rockefeller University Photo of new cable being placed on West Street. Copyright 2001 Verizon Communications. All rights reserved.

key Commodity Path Weill Medical Center of CU Hospital for Special Surgery The Rockefeller University R&E Path Rockefeller Router Applied. Theory Router Rockefeller NYSERNet Switch Applied. Theory Router Applied. Theory NYSERNet Internet 2 th Network Connectivity Prior to September 11.

key Commodity Path Weill Medical Center of CU Hospital for Special Surgery The Rockefeller University R&E Path Rockefeller Router Applied. Theory Router Rockefeller NYSERNet Switch Applied. Theory Router Applied. Theory NYSERNet Internet 2 th Network Connectivity Subsequent to September 11.

key Commodity Path Weill Medical Center of CU Hospital for Special Surgery R&E Path The Rockefeller University Rockefeller Router Applied. Theory Router Rockefeller NYSERNet Switch Applied. Theory Router Applied. Theory NYSERNet Router NYSERNet Buffalo Applied. Theory Router Internet Commodity Service Restored. Internet 2

R estoring Service o o o Restoring commodity service… To Rockefeller University, Weill Medical Center, and the Hospital for Special Surgery. Service restored through Rockefeller’s R&E connection and emergency installation of a jumper between NYSERNet and Applied. Theory in Buffalo. Key - cooperation among campus personnel, commercial service providers and NYSERNet. Service restored by Wednesday afternoon, the 12 th.

R estoring Service Restoring Commodity and R&E Services. Tim Lance, NYSERNet. New York Stock Exchange – Photo by Doug Carlson

Applied. Theory Long Island NYSERNet Applied. T heory 60 Hudson St. 140 West St. Verizon NYSERNet Metropolitan OC-48 SONET Ring Broad St. Verizon th NYSERNet Metro Ring & Applied. Theory Prior to September 11.

Applied. Theory Long Island NYSERNet Applied. T heory NYSERNet Applied. T hory 60 Hudson St. 140 West St. Verizon NYSERNet Metropolitan OC-48 SONET Ring Broad St. Verizon th NYSERNet Metro Ring & Applied. Theory After September 11.

Applied. Theory Long Island NYSERNet Applied. T heory NYSERNet Applied. T hory 60 Hudson St. 140 West St. Verizon NYSERNet Metropolitan OC-48 SONET Ring Broad St. Verizon Service Restored Utilizing NYSERNet SONET Ring.

N etwork Status - Commodity o o o Restoring commodity service… Polytechnic University - commodity service restored on 10/1. Long Island – commodity traffic still transiting NYSERNet SONET Ring. White Plains – connected to Garden City and then onto NYSERNet Ring. Rockefeller Solution - evolving into standby service for all customers having both NYSERNet R&E service and Applied. Theory commodity service. o West Street Service – a few commodity T 1’s still down.

N etwork Status – NYSERNet o o Restoring R&E service… American Museum of Natural History SUNY Stony Brook – service restored on 9/25. v. BNS+ – service restored almost immediately. – service restored on 9/20.

O ther Stories o New York University extended service to Mt. Sinai and School of Medicine. o Hofstra University offered NYSERNet bandwidth on its OC 3 if it could be utilized to serve any impacted institutions. o City University of New York hosted the New York City Board of Education Web site to ensure that parents could remain informed on the status of their children’s schools. o American Museum of Natural History staff offered to serve as remote hands for any institution needing onsite service. o Columbia University provided New York Academy of Medicine with access via wireless service. o NYSERNet offered to allow Applied. Theory to utilize its Manhattan SONET ring to restore commodity service, if feasible.

C onclusions

C onclusions o o o o Lessons learned… The value of networks in sustaining communications. The survivability of the technology. How much can be accomplished quickly when the urgency is clear. The value in multiple independent paths to the Internet. The value of government investment in science and the often unanticipated nature of the return on that investment. The value of developing an Emergency Response Plan

C hallenges Ahead o o o Networks are necessities, not luxuries… Networks are now mission critical. Diverse capabilities must back each other up. Our constituents are flexible, we must be too. Merging technologies can lead to redundancy.

C hallenges Ahead o o Industry Contraction and Consolidation Mergers, acquisitions, business failures. Continued geographic concentration. Reduced capital investment.

C hallenges Ahead o o o Shifting Public Policy H. R. 3162, The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act of 2001. Lack of controlling authority viewed as a deficiency. House Science Committee considering Cyber security bill. Senate Commerce Committee considering expanded government role.

C hallenges Ahead o o o Prioritization of Limited Resources Attracting, retaining and training staff. Funding. Don’t chase the bubble. Base next generation design on controlling the transport medium, with physical and logical redundancy and ever more intelligence at the edge.

R Fordham U. Marymount Tarrytown NYPH (AP) esponding Fordham U. Tarrytown 15 B 15 C Upstate NY 16 14 C 16 A 15 Yeshiva (Uptown) Fordham U. NYPH (CPC) Yeshiva U. 14 CUNY (City College) 8 B Bronx NYSBC Columbia 13 New Jersey NYSERNet’s Manhattan Project. Developing a Dark Fiber Network in the Manhattan area. 12 AMNH MSKCC (DC) NYPH (WMC) 14 B MSKCC (PCB) 11 D 11 MSKCC (HQ) 9 MSKCC (64 th) Re 11 B 10 14 E du nd an 7 A ibe rs CUNY (CIS) NYPL (PA) 15 A t. F Fordham (LC) 8 14 D NYPH (PFS) NYSERNet POP Rockefeller NYPH (E 61) Columbia Controller 13 A NYPL 7 11 C MSKCC (53 rd) 6 7 B NYPL (Annex) MSKCC (Admin) 11 A Arts 4 A ll 8 A 7 C CUNY (Grad. Center) New School 16 C 16 D Fiber Trunk Loop 1 A NYPL (Science/DC) NYPH (DC) 14 A Yeshiva (Midtown-1) NYU (MC) Yeshiva (Midtown-2) 5 4 16 B Yeshiva (Law) 3 Cooper Union 2 NYU (ACF) Re du nd an t Fib er s Polytechnic 1 Brooklyn

M anhattan Project o o o Advancing Technology for our Members NYSERNet as catalyst, project manager, business manager. Seeking to serve needs of the entire community for: redundancy, security, flexibility, performance, costcontrol. Developing a model for future projects. Urgency has risen since September 11 th.

M anhattan Project o o o o Goals Implement a network that provides economical, highperformance access to: the NYSERNet network, commodity Internet providers, the public switched telephone network, plus the ability to implement private intra- and interinstitutional networks, and unlimited potential for performance upgrades.

M anhattan Project x o o o o Participating Institutions (initial list) Amer. Museum of Natural History Arts 4 All Columbia University Cooper Union City University of New York Fordham University Memorial Sloan Kettering New School University o o o o New York Polytechnic Institute New York Presbyterian Hospital New York Public Library New York University The Rockefeller University Weill Medical College Yeshiva University

M anhattan Project o Project Objectives 2001 o o Survey potential participants about their requirements. Create network design based upon the survey. Preliminary costs determination based upon design. Review costs with participants and secure commitment. 2002 o Network and colocation construction commences. 2003 o First participant online.

A ctions at NYU o o In negotiations with vendor for second commodity Internet link with diverse routing within Manhattan Seeking funding for distributing infrastructure in multiple locations (e. g. , network core, key servers, etc. ) Working with FEMA to determine appropriate infrastructure upgrades Risk assessment and response planning

Washington Square Park – 9/23/2001 Photo by Doug Carlson

NY Harbor – 2/2/2002 Photo by Doug Carlson