I A World center with rare and even

I. A World center with rare, and even unique, features

A) The world’s diplomatic center • The headquarters of the United Nations UN Headquarters, view from the East River

• Complex completed in 1952 • Seat of the UN principal organs • Other sites considered in the US (San Francisco, Philadelphia …); role of lobbyists (Rockefeller, NY Mayor …) • Extraterritoriality status • Like a state: United Nations Postal Administration, ITU Prefix, « border » • 6 official languages

General Assembly Hall All member nations have equal representation Budget, reports, recommandations (General Assembly Resolutions), appoints the nonpermanent members to the Security Council

“I just don’t understand this. It looks to me to be scrambled eggs, ” Harry S. Truman reportedly declared in 1952

Security Council Chamber • 15 members • 5 permanent with veto power • Maintenance of international peace and security • Recommends settlement in a dispute • Can impose sanctions

• Relocation proposals (Montreal, Dubai …) • Roads are sealed for security reasons • Obtaining US visas can be difficult for some diplomats • The country is suspected of spying on the delegations

NSA bugged UN headquarters in New York City, claim new documents released by Ed Snowden By Reuters Reporter Published: 21: 47 GMT, 25 August 2013 http: //www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article 2401913/NSA-bugged-UN-headquarters. New-York-City-claim-documents-released. Ed-Snowden. html

Diplomatic missions to the US in New York • 9 embassies (Andorra, Comoros, Seychelles …) • Special offices: Economic and cultural office of the Republic of China (Taïwan), Economic and Trade Office of Hong Kong • Total = 117 diplomatic missions (usually: consulates-general) • Only 65 in Los Angeles, 51 in Chicago • 177 main chanceries in Washington DC

B) A globally influential financial center The Financial District of Lower Manhattan viewed from New York Harbor, near the Statue of Liberty, October 2013

Financial District Lower Manhattan or Downtown History 17 th c: auctioneers and dealers 1792 = Buttonwood Agreement (for traders, origin of the NY stock exchange) • 20 th c: construction of skyscrapers, due to a short supply of land a desirable location • 9/11 consequences: loss of office space, part of the business relocated, damaged communication network • •

One World Trade Center The 4 th-tallest building in the world.

70 Pine Street (1932) 22 nd-tallest building in the United States 70 Pine is being transformed into a residential skyscraper with 644 rental residences, 132 hotel rooms and 35, 000 square feet of retail.

40 Wall Street (1930) 26 th-tallest in the United States; was world's tallest building for less than two months in 1930

• Economic activity • About 300 000 workers in the financial sector in the city • 3 major sectors: securities industry, banking, insurance • 2 main stock exchanges: NYSE Euronext (since 2007) • And NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) = electronic and online trading (high tech companies) • (6 exchanges total)

New York Stock Exchange, 2012

• Other financial institution: • Federal Reserve Bank of NY • Buying and selling of US Treasury securities • Largest gold repository in the world (160 bn dollars worth of gold bullions)

• Companies main offices or headquarters • About 20 major TNCs (transnational companies), part of the 500 most important and richest companies in the world

2 main changes recently (regarding Wall Street) • Expansion of Wall Street activities in New Jersey (Jersey City) = Wall Street West • Back offices • Data centers of electronic trading

• International and national competition • Trading and money management in Los Angeles, Boston, Singapore, Dubai … • Example: new trading plateform in Kansas City = 9% share in the market for trading stock; only 2 employees in New York

C) A cultural and intellectual center 1) Innovation in New York: Silicon Alley The Flatiron District was the cradle of Silicon Alley

2) An influential intellectual center • An attractive and diversified offer in high education • Universities • State Unversity of NY (SUNY) • City University of NY (CUNY) • Columbia University

Columbia University (North of Manhattan)

• International students • SUNY = leading host university for international students in the US • 8 institutions host more than 10 000 international students in the country, including SUNY, and Columbia U • China, India = 45% of the total (in the country)

• Laboratories, research centers • Example: graduate school of applied sciences and engineering research center (Roosevelt Island, 2017); will complete Cornell Tech • 2 billion dollars investment • Cooperation of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Insitute of Technology • biotechnology

• • • Highly specialized schools Linked with NY’s cultural power and influence Fashion Institute of Technology NY School of Interior Design Juilliard School

Juilliard School (Lincoln Center for Performing Arts) Approximately 900 students Dance, drama, music Still ‘best reputation’ for Juilliard at 100 By - The Washington Times - Friday, June 3, 2005 NEW YORK — In 1959, a young violin prodigy named Itzhak Perlman left his native Israel for the Juilliard School in New York. Then as now, “it has the best reputation, ” he explained. The venerable New York conservatory, which turns 100 this year, has trained generations of virtuosos, stars of music, cinema and dance — from jazz great Miles Davis to beloved actor Robin Williams; to maestro James Levine of New York’s Metropolitan Opera; to Hollywood’s most decorated composer, John Williams.

• A mass media headquarter • Written Press • News agencies: Associated Press (global), Bloomberg News(specialized in economy, finance) • Newspapers and magazines: Time, Newsweek, Reader’s Digets, Wall Street Journal, … New. York-based but distributed globally

• Publishing companies • Example: Harper Collins, Penguin Random House, Mc. Graw-Hill Education • Big educational publisher + medicine, business, engineering • 60 languages • Digital educational products used by over 11 million people

3) A cultural and entertainment center

• • • Art galleries : Chelsea, Soho 1950 s = De Kooning, Jackson Pollock 1960 s = Pop Art, Andy Wharhol, the Factory Dominates the art market Auction sales; Sotheby’s, Christie’s, twice a year

Picasso’s Les femmes d’Alger (Version “O”) set to star in New York The final and undisputable culmination of the famous Femmes d'Alger series to be offered in Looking Forward to the Past, a curated evening sale on 11 May On 11 May in New York, Pablo Picasso’s Les femmes d’Alger (Version “O”) will be among the star lots featured at Christie’s Looking Forward to the Past, a new sale providing a distinct and dynamic perspective on some of the greatest and most revolutionary artists of the 20 th century. http: //www. christies. com/features/Picasso-5829 -1. aspx

• Linked with the proportion of wealthy people in the city • Patrons, philanthropists • Example: Guggenheim Museum, NY; founded by the family to display its art collection • Today = TNCs as well • Example: The Met patrons

• Fashion • Garment District (Midtown) = fashion designers • Confection/ Dressmaking = Chinatown, Lower East Side • Fashion Week

• Cultural and sports facilities • Prestigious museums: Metropolitan Museum, Mo. Ma (Modern Museum of Art) • Concert halls/ music venues: Carneggie Hall, Metropolitan Opera (Lincoln Center) • Theaters and music halls (Theater District, north of Times Square) • Sport facilities: Madison Square Garden, Flushing Meadows-Corona Park (Queens)

• Cinema and TV majors headquarters • Networks: ABC, CBS, NBC (more than 300 million viewers abroad) • Cinema: Time Warner Cable Inc. • Symbolic complex building = Rockefeller Center

Rockefeller Center 14 buildings 1939 Art Deco style Mall Skating ring Media outlets headquarters: GE, Associated Press, NBC, Fox News Channel Mc. Graw-Hill Bank of America NBC studios (late night shows are recorded) Observation deck (Top of the Rock) and restaurant

Tourism in NYC • • 2015 58 million visitors; 12. 3 M foreign Origins: UK, Canada, Brazil, China, France Direct visitor spending = US $42 bn Generating US $61 bn 360 000 jobs Most popular US city for international visitors (33% of overseas travels to the US)

New York City tourism hit record high in 2014, officials say US | Mon Feb 2, 2015 http: //www. reuters. com/ne ws/picture/new-york-citytourism-hit-record-highin? article. Id=USKBN 0 L 61 XM 20150202&slide. Id=1021863 024

Record Number of Tourists Visited New York City in 2015, and More Are Expected This Year The New York Times, March 2016 Times Square is a top attraction for tourists in New York City, but officials hope to lure visitors to explore the city’s other boroughs. Credit Hiroko Masuike/The New York Times https: //www. nytimes. com/2016/03/09/nyregion/record-number-of-tourists-visitednew-york-city-in-2015 -and-more-are-expected-this-year. html? _r=0