Hypersonics 24 May 2011 Mr Al Shaffer Principal

Hypersonics 24 May 2011 Mr. Al Shaffer Principal Deputy ASD(R&E) Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-1 Unclassified

Connecting Researchers to the Warfighter Unclassified President Obama, State of the Union, January 25, 2011 “The first step in winning the future is encouraging American innovation. Our free enterprise system is what drives innovation. But because it’s not always profitable for companies to invest in basic research, throughout our history, our government has provided cutting-edge scientists and inventors with the support they need. Two years ago, I said that we needed to reach a level of research and development , we haven’t seen since the Space Race. And in a few weeks I’ll be sending a budget to Congress that helps us meet that goal. We’ll invest in biomedical research, information technology, and especially clean energy technology -- an investment that will strengthen our security, protect our planet, and create countless new jobs for our people. Maintaining our leadership in research and technology is crucial to America’s success. But if we want to win the future - - if we want innovation to produce jobs in America and not overseas – then we also have to win the race to educate our kids. Over the next 10 years, with so many baby boomers retiring from our classrooms, we want to prepare 100, 000 new teachers in the fields of science and technology and engineering and math. ” Investment in Basic and Applied Research is a commitment to the future warfighter Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-2

Thoughts from the Secretary of Defense Unclassified Secretary Gates, Budget Rollout Hearing 14 Feb 2011 “These budget decisions took place in the context of a nearly two year effort by the Do. D to reform the way the Pentagon does business – to change how and what we buy…We have protected programs that support military people, readiness, and modernization…We still live in a very dangerous and often unstable world. Our military must remain strong and agile enough to face a diverse range of threats – from nonstate actors attempting to acquire and use weapons of mass destruction and sophisticated missiles, to the more traditional threats of other states… ” “Directed Do. D to fund 2% real growth in Basic Research and to maintain stable funding in the rest of S&T for FY 12 -FY 16. In real terms, the FY 12 S&T budget request is almost 29% greater than the request in FY 2000. ” OSD/PA News Release, 2/14/11 Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-3

Key Themes From Under Secretary Robert Hale 1 Feb 2010 Budget Rollout Brief and Secretary Gates 2010 Budget Rollout Brief • Taking Care of People • Rebalancing the Military • Reforming What and How We Buy • Supporting our Troops in the Field MRAP Dash MRAP Maxx. Pro Plus 4 Hardwire Armor Coverage Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-4 Hardwire Armor Coverage Unclassified

Assistant Secretary of Defense Research and Engineering Imperatives 1. Accelerate delivery of technical capabilities to win the current fight. Fast Track Studies -Electronic Warfare -Computer Science 2. Prepare for an uncertain future. -Cyber Operations -Energy & Water -Rapid Capability Tool Kit 3. Reduce the cost, acquisition time and risk of our major defense acquisition programs. Task Forces Base Protection Helo Survivability 4. Develop world class science, technology, engineering, and mathematics capabilities for the Do. D and the Nation. Tag, Track, Locate C-IED SIG Support QDR Missions’ Architectures Threat sensors mounted to fuselage exterior Helicopter Alert & Threat Termination-Acoustic (HALTT-A ) Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-5 Stiletto Unclassified MRAP-ATV PGSS

Anti-Access/Area Denial (AA/AD) • US has held a distinct capability advantage using advanced technology system for 20 years • LO Platforms • Precision Weapons • Air Control of Assets • Undersea Systems • Space Systems • Some of these advantages are in challenge now, presenting a greater anti-access/area denial challenge • One class of solutions lies in high-speed/hypersonic weapons • High Speed Systems provide a new category of advanced weapons to overcome conventional AP/AD Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-6 Unclassified

National Aerospace Initiative Dr Ron Sega Brief to Congress--2004 25 Production X-Vehicles NAI 15 Mach Number Hydrogen Scramjet Mach 8 -15 Hydrocarbon Scramjet Mach 4 -7 Ramjet Mach 3 -4 10 SR-71 XB-70 F-4 0 1960 Concorde F-15 1970 Strike Aircraft High Speed Turbine Mach 2 -4 X-15 5 Missiles F-16 F-117 1980 B-2 1990 F-22 2000 Hypersonic Component Technology Development and Ground Demonstrations Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-7 Space Access Unclassified 2010 2020 NAI Hypersonic System Technology Development and Flight Demonstrations

Value of Speed -- Time Critical Targets -Dr Ron Sega Brief to Congress--2004 Fast Typical Subsonic Weapon 7 min Footprint 500 nmi . 50 nmi Hypersonic Weapon Launch Point TURKEY SYRIA 500 nmi Radius IRAQ 50 nmi Radius IRAN q KUWAIT Subsonic Advantageous Weapon in Sustainment 7 minute Coverage Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-8 Caspian Sea Hypersonic Weapon Launch Point Persian Gulf QATAR Unclassified strike weapon velocity and range capabilities • Deterrent: single launch platform holds rogue states’ targets at risk • Platform Survivability: short flyout time from a safe standoff range Hypersonic Cruise Missile • Kills Time-Critical Targets • Survivable Without Stealth • Logistically Supportable • Avoids Tactical Ballistic Missile Launches • Increased Operational Effectiveness With Smaller Mission Package • Hard and Deeply Buried Targets

High Speed / Hypersonics Options -- Engine Combinations / Capability Off-Ramps -Combined Cycle Engines (Accelerator) • Hydrogen Powered Scramjets Dr Ron Sega Brief to Congress--2004 Combined Cycle Engines (Cruise) • Hydrocarbon / Hydrogen Powered Scramjets Access to Space • Responsive/Flexible • Mach 8 -12 Hydrocarbon Ram / Scramjets Turbine Engines Rapid Strike / Recce Aircraft • Rapid Global Response • Mach 5 -10 Hypersonic Interceptor • Long-Range/100, 000 ft Cruise • Mach 10+ Fast Response Standoff Weapon • Rapid Response • Time-Critical Targets • Mach 5 -8 Aircraft & Missiles • Today • Mach 0 -3 Near-Term 2002 Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-9 Mid-Term 2008 Unclassified Far-Term 2016 2025

Hypersonics Research … A Study in Mixed Results • Successes – X-15 – Space Shuttle – X-43 A • Did not meet goals – Aerospaceplane – NASP – X-33 Photos courtesy NASA, Richard Hallion Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-10 Unclassified

What is the Problem? – Hypersonics Research—One Size Does not Fit All − Hypersonic Cruise Missile not the Same as Two-Stage to Orbit − Help the Do. D Walk Before Running − Use Early Case Demonstrations to Build the Tech Base Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-11 Unclassified

Diagnosis • What’s worked… reasonable scope and risk – Space shuttle re-entry as a hypersonic glide vehicle (unpowered), limited maneuvering at high Mach numbers – X-15 rocket powered, moderate hypersonic Mach numbers (Mach 4 -6+) – X-43 A focus on 2 D scramjet propulsion • What hasn’t… bridges too far – Large scale, single-stage to orbit launch vehicles and space planes – Very large propulsion systems (especially air breathing) with limited experience • Key challenge… scramjet propulsion – – Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-12 Limited flight test data (X-43 A total of 17 seconds with hydrogen fuel) Hydrocarbon fuels Scale up? Combined cycles? Air vehicle challenges – longer flight times in severe environment Unclassified

Success!!! X-51 A First Flight (All results preliminary) • Release at 49. 5 k ft, Mach 0. 78 (nominal) • Boost to Mach 4. 8 (nominal) • Booster separation (nominal) • Engine ignition at Mach 4. 7 (nominal) – Light on ethylene and transition to JP-7 • Climb and acceleration to Mach ~4. 9 – Engine performance nominal • Lost telemetry at 210 seconds, vehicle still accelerating – Flight terminated as planned 5 seconds after loss of telemetry Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-13 Unclassified

Prognosis • Coming years critical for hypersonics technology development – Major flight tests recently completed: X-51 A, HTV-2, Hy. Fly – Transition opportunities? – Upcoming flight tests: X-51 A, HTV-2 – Build on recent success – End of efforts started under National Aerospace Initiative – Transition into regular research portfolios • Credible, reasonable scope and stable, focused research programs key to continued success Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-14 Unclassified

Technology Development Approach Near Term Mid Term Capabilities Conventional Prompt Global Strike Aerodynamics Adaptive Guidance & Health Mgmt Thermal Protection Systems Long Range ISR Long Range Cruise Missiles Turbine-Based Combined Cycle TSTO Space Access Deep Strike High-Speed Turbines Rocket-Based Combined Cycle Scramjets Technologies Reusable Structures Time Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-15 Far Term Unclassified U. S. Hypersonic Tech Base

Major Tech Base Activities • Hypersonic International Flight Research and Experimentation (HIFi. RE) • NASA Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition (Hy. Bo. LT) • High-Speed Turbine Engine Demonstrator (Hi. STED) • Robust Scramjet • Falcon Combined-cycle Engine Technology (Fa. CET) • Mode Transition (Mo. Tr) • NASA TBCC Activities • High Temperature Materials and Structures • NASA Structurally Integrated Thermal Protection Systems • Hypervelocity Projectile • Long-Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRASM) • Fully-reusable Access to Space Technologies (FAST) • Hybrid Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-16 Unclassified

Vision To advance flight into the hypersonic regime to enable truly transformational military capabilities Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-17 Unclassified

Foundational Research Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-18 Unclassified

Prognosis • This year critical for hypersonics technology development – – Major flight tests: X-51 A, HTV-2, Hy. Fly Transition opportunities? End of efforts started under National Aerospace Initiative Transition into regular research portfolios • Credible, reasonable scope and stable, focused research programs key to continued success Hypersonics Briefing M 0524/2011 Page-19 Unclassified