How to start breeding LWf G — From

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How to start breeding LWf. G - From. Scratch? Buildings Pentti Alho for reproducing pairs (up to 80 birds): • All year round "pastures" (5000 m^2) • Winter halls (200 m^2) • Separate compartments (30) for nesting (each 40 m^2) • Storage for fodder etc for other LWf. G (up to 80 birds) • Double pastures and winter halls Initial birds. A least 150 founders are needed for a sound population Ideally: wild • Available in limited numbers (~5/year in Russia) • Extremely expensive • Adult birds generally useless if not pairs. • Eggs not transportable • Catchinh large numbers (100) damages donor population • Genetic tests? Or none? In Practise: captive • Limited availability (Global captive 300 -400 ind) • Genetic tests compulsory • Expensive, too! 200 -300 Euros/pair depending on juv. or ad. Alternatives: • Using young birds one has to buy them from many farms, since no place has large numbers and/or independent lineages. In practise this means a delay of 3 -4 years in the hope of forming at least a few pairs. Starting with 20 individuals, one may expect to arrive at about 5 pairs finally. • Using 2 cy. birds or ad. birds. The later are really rarely for sale. Generally, only 20 -30 per cent of fram birds are productive. ( 1 -cy, 2 -cy. not paired, widows (very slowly re-pairing)etc. ) Creating and sustaining a productive captive stock • A durably productive captive stock must be sustained. Also, large numbers of goslings must be produced to be released in Nature - the main purpose of all this. • LWf. G are slowly reprocucing, long-lived birds. Therefore, creating a large enough (100) captive donor population for one farm takes 10 -15 years if captive founders are used and much longer with natural founders ( 5 each year, see chart) Reproduction • Natural incubation in one pair compartments: This is the main method since the natural parents are easiest and best. • Incubators: Some eggs must anyway be incubated artificially, and therefore, suitable rooms for young goslings must be built. Foster parents • Finding foster parents is not at all self evident. • Finding foster parents is absolutely necessary. • Finding LWf. G foster parents is currently impossible. • Using Ultralighrt Aircraft in the first phase would later create LWf. G foster parents. • Without aircraft, Barnacle Geese are the only alternative. 2007 Soon nesting begins and much more daily work is needed, in particular when separating pairs into compartments. Nothing goes by force. Stress and losses of birds must be avoided.

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