How to determine the right self healing grid

How to determine the right self healing grid strategy to achieve your budget and reliability goals: A look at three business models © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 1

Self healing grid strategies Presenter Cleber Angelo Outdoor Medium Voltage Global Product Manager © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 2

Self healing grid strategies Agenda § Challenges facing utilities today § Situational analysis § Improvement goals for self healing strategies § Introduction to self-healing grid business models § § substation level § § device level and /or peer to peer centralized Detailed explanations of each business model including § § © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 3 Expected reliability improvements § § The type of investment required Options to determine the best implementation strategy for your budget Summary

Self healing grid strategies Challenges facing utilities today § The industry is moving toward a deregulated, competitive environment requiring accurate information about system performance to ensure maintenance money are spent wisely and customer expectations are met § CAIDI and SAIDI scores are under close scrutiny from government agencies § § § System reliability pertains to both sustained interruptions and momentary interruptions Any interruption of greater than five minutes is generally considered a reliability issue in some countries. Limited capital budgets for continued improvements in grid reliability © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 4

Self healing grid strategies Interruption definitions § § Momentary interruption event - An interruption of duration limited to the period required to restore service by an interrupting device. This must be completed within 5 minutes or any other period determined by regulation agencies. § © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 5 Momentary interruption – A single operation of an interrupting device that results in zero voltage. Sustained interruption – any interruption not classified as a momentary interruption

Self healing grid strategies Improvement goals § Implementing self healing or fault detection isolation and restoration (FDIR) can help utilities: § Improve CAIDI and SAIDI metrics by up to 33% § Decrease restoration time to less than 30 seconds § Reduce the cost of restoration § Prevent lost revenues § Boost the utility’s reputation with customers, stockholders and government regulators © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 6

Self healing grid strategies 1 st business model: Device level or peer-to-peer § Device level and/or peer-to-peer § § A group of reclosers, load break switches, and feeder circuit breakers operate together to restore power in the most optimal manner Benefits § Allows utilities to focus investments on feeders that experience the most outages § Fast implementation § Initial low capital investment § Target solution appropriate for problem feeders § Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 7

Self healing grid strategies Requirements for device level (no communications required) § System topology representation § § Feeders with single restoration path, generally open “tie switch” Pre-fault system status § § § Normal voltage measurements at each node and on both sides of “tie switch” Pre-fault system loading (capacity check for the restoration done by protection or planning engineers) Fault detection and isolation § § Coordinated protection devices using standard protection curves and predetermined reclosing intervals Load restoration § Loss of voltage detected on one side of “tie switch” and on source side of reclosers on faulted circuit § Timing sequence initiated § If loss of voltage is sustained for predetermined interval, other reclosers open if necessary to continue isolation and “tie switch” closes restoring power

Device level Loop automation (no communications) Midpoint Recloser Sectionalizing Recloser Substation Circuit Breaker Source 1 52 52 Grid. Shield 3 VT’s 1 VT Tie Point Recloser Sectionalizing Recloser Substation Circuit Breaker Source 2 Midpoint Recloser 52 1 VT 52 Grid. Shield 3 VT’s

Device level Loop automation (no communications) Sectionalizing Recloser Substation Circuit Breaker Source 1 52 Grid. Shield Midpoint Recloser Fault 52 X Grid. Shield 3 VT’s 1 VT Tie Point Recloser Sectionalizing Recloser Substation Circuit Breaker Source 2 Midpoint Recloser 52 1 VT 52 Grid. Shield 3 VT’s

Self healing grid strategies Requirements for peer-to-peer (requires communications) § System topology representation § § Feeders with single restoration path, generally open “tie switch” Pre-fault system status § § § Switch status (upstream and downstream information for devices) Pre-fault system loading (capacity check for the restoration) Fault detection § § § Based on recloser lockout status and reclosing counter value change, or substation breaker trip signal Downstream node of the lockout switch is the fault location Fault isolation § § Downstream switch(es) of the fault location Load restoration § Start from the downstream node of the isolation switches

Device level Peer-to-Peer Sectionalizing Recloser Substation Circuit Breaker Source 1 Midpoint Recloser 52 52 Grid. Shield Tie Point Recloser IEC 61850 Communications Substation Circuit Breaker Source 2 Sectionalizing Recloser Midpoint Recloser 52 52 Grid. Shield

Device level Peer-to-Peer Sectionalizing Recloser Substation Circuit Breaker Source 1 52 Grid. Shield Midpoint Recloser Fault X 52 Grid. Shield Tie Point Recloser IEC 61850 Communications Substation Circuit Breaker Source 2 Sectionalizing Recloser Midpoint Recloser 52 52 Grid. Shield

Device level Peer-to-peer Sectionalizing Recloser Substation Circuit Breaker Source 1 52 Grid. Shield Midpoint Recloser Fault X 52 Grid. Shield Tie Point Recloser IEC 61850 Communications Substation Circuit Breaker Source 2 Sectionalizing Recloser Midpoint Recloser 52 52 Grid. Shield

Summary device level § § Target solution appropriate for problem feeders § Best fit for single restoration path circuits § Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores § Loop schemes requires voltage sensors § Peer-to-peer requires high speed communications – IEC 61850 is only standards based peer-to-peer solution available with open protocol environment § © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 20 Initial low capital investment Protection/coordination engineers manage logic

Self healing grid strategies 2 nd business model: Substation level § § Coordinated control between groups of reclosers, load break switches, and substation circuit breakers within a substation and possibly with adjacent substations Benefits § Avoids overloading of adjacent substations § Reduces engineering support and recurring costs § Target solution appropriate for problem feeders § Supports future communications investments for applications such as asset health and volt/Var control § Utilities realize benefits on groups of substations and the feeders they control § Increases improvement in SAIDI and CAIDI scores © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 21

Self healing grid strategies Introduction to substation level § § Substation computer collects data from IEDs § FDIR active logic resides on substation computer § Automatic identification and isolation of a fault § Automatic power restoration § © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 22 IEDs monitor and control switches Generally faster response than control centerbased FDIR

Substation level Substation based supervision Sectionalizing Recloser Substation Circuit Breaker Source 1 52 Grid. Shield Fault X Midpoint Recloser 52 Grid. Shield Tie Point Recloser DNP/IEC Communications Substation Circuit Breaker Source 2 Sectionalizing Recloser Midpoint Recloser 52 52 Grid. Shield

Substation level Substation based supervision

Substation level Substation computer-based FDIR active logic © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 26

Substation level Substation computer-based FDIR requirements § Dynamic system configuration update § Represent system topology through system single line § Automatically generates logic for isolation and restoration via single line model § System incidence matrix is dynamically generated based on § § Real-time system switch status § § System connectivity model Depth-first search strategy (traces all paths available to determine the optimal solution to restore power) Fault restoration § Load current-based capacity check (pre-fault load current) § Single or multi-path restoration supported § Multi-path restoration – unserved loads picked up by multiple feeders © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 27

Summary Substation Level § § Target solution appropriate for problem feeders § Can provide multiple paths for restoration, but generally best fit if all sources for restoration are from same substation § Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores § Requires communications (lower baud, i. e. , 9600) but possibly already in place § Protection/coordination engineers must work with SCADA engineers. § Should reduce customized logic in protection devices § © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 28 Initial low capital investment Utilities realize benefits on groups of substations and the feeders they control

Self healing grid strategies 3 rd business model – Centralized control § Centralized § § Coordinated control between groups of reclosers, load break switches, and high voltage circuit breakers across the distribution grid Benefits § § Allows utilities to take a proactive approach to power management § Highest level of worker safety § Supports smart grid initiatives § Utilities realize benefits across the grid § © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 29 Takes advantage of load profile forecasting Maximum improvement in SAIDI and CAIDI scores

Self healing grid strategies Introduction to centralized control § IEDs monitor and control switches § Substation computer collects IED data § Substation computer acts as gateway – serves IED data to control center SCADA and DMS § Restoration Switching Analysis (RSA) run on DMS § § § © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 30 Load flow analysis as part of RSA, i. e. , full network model used Automated or advisory FDIR Generally slower response than substation-based FDIR, but more comprehensive solution

Centralized control Source 2 Source 4 52 52 52 Grid. Shield 52 52 ( Grid. Shield Source 3 52 52 Source 1 52 Grid. Shield Fault 52 52 Grid. Shield X Grid. Shield 52 52 52 Grid. Shield Source 4 52 52 Grid. Shield B 52 Grid. Shield 52

Centralized control

Summary centralized control level § § Target solution appropriate for all feeders § Can provide multiple paths for restoration from multiple substations § Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores § Requires communications (lower baud, i. e. , 9600) but possibly already in place. § Protection/coordination engineers must work with SCADA engineers § Should reduce customized logic in protection devices § © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 36 Requires SCADA applications, generally DMS with load flow and short circuit capability Utilities realize benefits on groups of substations and the feeders they control

Summary § Electric System performance and reliability are continually being scrutinized by customers and regulators § Performance indices are becoming more difficult to meet § Bottom line is that utilities need flexible and adaptable solutions to reduce outage restoration times § No single solution meets every customer’s needs § § Substation level solutions provide multi-feeder restoration paths, again are easy to pilot and can reuse existing equipment and communications infrastructure § © ABB Group 16 March 2018 | Slide 37 Device level solutions are generally “low cost”, easy to pilot and can be implemented by protection and control group Centralized solutions offers most flexible and comprehensive restoration options.