How Computers Work • The Four Basic Operations • The Boot Process • Hardware Components & Their Functions
The Four Basic Computer Operations Input – Getting data from the outside world into the computer Processing – Manipulating the information Output – Presenting data from the computer to the outside Storage – Efficiently and inexpensively holding data for later use.
Hardware to Provide Four Functions
The Boot Process 1. The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) setup program loads and runs 2. The Power-On-Self-Test (POST) runs 3. The Operating System loads 4. System Configuration 5. System utilities load
PC Components Processor (CPU) Power Supply Motherboard Memory (Random Access Memory) Hard Drives Removable Media Drives Video, Audio Functionality Case Monitor Mouse, Keyboard
The Processor Single core vs. Dual core vs. Quad Core Intel vs. AMD Trade-off between price and speed • The newest, fastest processors are always overpriced. Best "bang for the buck" is with the next step down.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Intel CPU's have pins on the socket, pad connectors on the underside of the CPU. AMD CPU's have pins on the underside of the CPU and holes on the socket.
System Memory (RAM) Volatile, loses its contents when the power is turned off. All program instructions must be loaded into RAM before they're executed.
Random Access Memory (RAM) Notice the notch in the pins, and that the two sections of pins are different sizes. This makes it difficult to install RAM incorrectly.
System Memory (cond) How much memory is required? • Windows XP or Windows Vista – Generally, 1 GB of memory is enough for XP, 2 GB recommended for Vista. • Dual-Core vs. Quad-Core Processor – If the user will really make use of the other cores, add more memory. What kind of memory? • CPU and Motherboard will specify what type of RAM to use.
Storage Hard Drives – Long term storage, not volatile. Stores data magnetically. • How much, based on applications used Standard Business PC's – 60 to 120 GB. Media PC's need more – 250 to 320 GB. • What type (SATA or PATA)? Optical Drives • CD Burner, DVD-ROM, DVD Burner (Single Layer or Dual Layer) • How many? Two really make copying disks easy.
Hard Drive Components Data Platters Enclosure Read/Write Heads 40 -Pin IDE Connector Jumpers Molex Power Connector
Hard Drive Form Factors 1 inch – Made to fit in a Compact Flash Card slot 1. 8 inch – Ultra. Light Notebook PC’s, MP 3 Players, Digital Video Cameras 2. 5 inch – Notebook PC’s 3. 5 inch – Desktop PC’s
Hard Drives IDE (ATA) • EIDE – ATA 2 aka Fast ATA • ATA 3 – Ultra ATA - Improved interface, hard drives can report status information to the MB. • Two devices per channel (or cable) SATA – Serial ATA • One device per channel SCSI – Many devices can be daisychained.
SATA vs IDE (PATA)
SATA vs IDE 2
Motherboard Layout Rear I/O Panel Memory (RAM) Sockets CPU Socket Main ATX Power Connector IDE Connector PCI Expansion Card Slots SATA Hard Drive Connectors Floppy Drive Connector
![Choosing a Motherboard Supports the chosen Processor Storage connectors ( PATA [aka IDE], SATA](https://present5.com/presentation/4b591e631e17e619ef8b153645541370/image-18.jpg "Choosing a Motherboard Supports the chosen Processor Storage connectors ( PATA [aka IDE], SATA")
Choosing a Motherboard Supports the chosen Processor Storage connectors ( PATA [aka IDE], SATA 150, SATA 3. 0) Memory type and amount Built-ins (Video, Audio, LAN) Graphic Card support (PCI-e, AGP) PCI Expansion slots RAID support
PC Power Supplies
Choosing a Power Supply Enough power for high class video cards Special connectors available for SATA Hard Drives and PCI-E video cards Motherboard may have a 20 -pin or 24 -pin main connector
Case Form Factors
Factors in Choosing a Case 4 Form Factors • Desktop • Mid-Size Tower • Full-Size Tower • Little, Teeny, Tiny Cases (VSFF) External and Internal Drive Bays Front (Top) Panel Multi-Media Connectors Cooling System (can also add-on)
Display Made up of two components • Monitor • Video card or circuitry
Monitors CRT • Cheaper • Takes up more desktop real estate • Can tire your eyes Flat Panel • More expensive • Saves space • Sharper Image
Video Cards PCI • Fits in a standard expansion slot • General purpose video Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) • AGP 2 X/4 X, AGP 4 X/8 X, AGP Pro 4 X/8 X PCI Express (PCIe) • PCIe x 1, PCIe x 4, PCIe x 8, PCIe x 16 Video circuitry is often built-in to the motherboard
Replacing a Video Card Make sure you don't buy too much card for the monitor. It doesn't matter if the original video was built-in to the motherboard. Installing a video card and loading drivers "takes over" from the old video. Get a card the motherboard supports.
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