Housing and Community for Aging Baby Boomers Research Report by: College of DAAP University of Cincinnati May 25, 2007 For: Steed Hammond Paul Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Project Team: John E. Hancock, Professor of Architecture Principal Investigator Elizabeth Bartley and Dawn Spring Research Associates David Saile, Menalaos Trinatafillou, Frank Russell, Craig M. Vogel Faculty Team Members Lindsey Guinther and Florentina Popescu Graduate Assistants Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Presentation Format / Outline in Ten Parts: Part One : Who are the Boomers? Part Two: The Big Trends Part Three: New Marketing Approaches Part Four: Trends in Environments for Aging Part Five: The Baltimore Experience Part Six: Destination Marketing Part Seven: Assisted / Nursing Facility Design Part Eight: Resources and Organizations Part Nine: Interviews Part Ten: Some Conclusions Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Slides of 10 types: Trends Key Themes Opportunities Books Resources Organizations Thought Leaders Firm Profiles Exemplars Misc. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Part One : Who are the Boomers? Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: Focalyst Executive Forum September 28 29, 2006 New York, NY This will be an annual event: a good place to “position” in this field. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Organization: American Association of Retired Persons AARP is a membership organization dedicated to enhancing the experience of aging through advocacy, information, and services. As America’s largest and most powerful lobby group, it has focused on initiatives to improve the lives of older Americans, to effect positive social change, and to overcome stereotypes about aging populations. http: //www. aarp. org Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: AARP Services, Inc. AARP Services Inc is a new, for profit entity that is able to design products and services, in line with AARP’s goals, that are too risky for traditional companies: an innovative extension of free market services, to address underserved markets, and to return profits to the goals of social change. Dawn Sweeny, President and CEO, AARP Services, Inc Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: AARP’s Ten Year Agenda: AARP seeks to focus all its political, entrepreneurial, and partnership building skills, and its resources, to address four key, fundamental social goals: access to health and health care livable navigable communities sustainable lifestyles financial security Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: Focalist Inc Formed by AARP, with The Kantar Group, to make good research available to businesses wanting to serve the aging population markets. Focalyst is the research arm that can mine AARP’s vast databases of 50+ individuals. Focalyst’s new research study was previewed at the conference, and is being published. Focalyst offers customized research access to their database of 30, 000 respondents. Mike Irwin, President and CEO, Focalyst Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Key Insight: The Impact of a Generation Boomers will spend $2 trillion/year. They are the best-educated, most innovative, most skeptical generation in history. They are very open to change. They will do research, experiment, change brands, and use the web. They are re-conceptualizing “Retirement” as an opening up to a multiplicity of opportunities and life fulfilling directions; it is a revolution. Boomers change everything they touch (and have since Gerber Baby Food in the 1950 s): They’re hunting for new products, services, solutions, and experiences. Nearly all current marketing is missing the mark and is insulting to boomers. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Key Insight: Boomer Core Values Their Core Values, in broad strokes, are: Health and Well-Being Sense of Community Giving Service, and Recreation Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: Core Values into Environments? Health: Places that promote fitness and healthy lifestyles Places for better care, throughout all stages of medical need Community: Places that foster easy social interaction and involvement Places that instill pride and satisfaction Service: Places connected to the larger world, its needs and issues Places with authentic social and institutional networks Recreation: Places to enjoy a well-rounded way of life Places reflecting qualities from sought-after “experiences” (like travel) Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: More Core Values into Environments? Self-reliance: Places that promote independence and choice Places integrated into authentic, multigenerational communities Entitlement: Places with high quality of design and “experience” Places that function seamlessly and with high level “service” Idealism: Places that innovate toward social justice and public trust Places supporting ecological and social sustainability Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Key Insight: The Major Problems About Aging Now 1. Fear of the Financial Future: This affects many, and undermines key needs, such as community, self worth, health and wellness, and passion. It is not a fear “dying too soon” and leaving loved ones left behind without resources (the market for life insurance). It is now about fear of “living too long” beyond our resources. 2. Our Medical Care Delivery System is Broken: People are disenchanted and frustrated with its complexity and dysfunction, and fearful that its exorbitant costs will lead to financial ruin. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Key Insight: The Major Problems About Aging Now 3. Our Cities and Communities Breed Isolation: Urban problems and failed infrastructure create social and environmental isolation. So do suburban and rural dispersion, sprawl, and lack of transportation options. So do the breakdowns in traditional family and social institutional structures. 4. Demographics and the Sandwich Generation: Many boomers end up caring for both the old and young at the same time: Aging parents plus their offspring (either late born or “failing to launch twenty somethings” – or sometimes grandchildren) Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Part Two: The Big Trends Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trends: The Big Market Trends Worldwide: The Experience Economy. New Types of Communities (including virtual). Changing Relations with the Natural World. - Permanent Urbanization. Dynamic Futurist Andrew Zolli, Z Plus Partners Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend (Zolli 3): Up the chain of Meaning “The Experience Economy” The “Experience Business” uses design and technology to humanize capitalism and increase value. Take the coffee example: from a sack of wholesale beans, to a can Folgers at the supermarket, to a traditional Coffee Shop, to Starbucks. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Key Insight: At Starbucks it’s the “Experience” “Mc. Donaldization” was about standardizing basic levels of quality and efficiency. Now we are on to: “Starbuckification”: adding in on top of quality and efficiency: An integrated emotional appeal; a multi-sensory experience; a relaxed atmosphere, good, strong, evocative design; authenticity; and resonant cultural / social / historical connections. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: Franchising an Experience What if we “starbuckified” an environment for aging? Many market needs, including this one, have not yet been approached in this way. On top of reliably delivered quality and efficiency, an integrated emotional appeal; a multi sensory experience; good, strong, evocative design; authenticity; and resonant cultural / social / historical connections. Deliver it in such a comprehensive, reliable, and convincing package that, like Starbuck’s, it would not even need to be advertised! Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend (Zolli 6): Green is Going Mainstream Both older and younger generations now are green-committed: the ambivalent middle generation is shrinking. Both most developed and least developed countries (Finland Nigeria, for example) are now green-committed. The ambivalent middle group of countries (France and United States, for example) is shrinking. Boomers are committed to LOHAS: Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability: Boomers will spend 20% more on products that support this. The trend: within 10 years, 43% more people will do so. In religious trends, there’s the fast growing evangelically-based “creation care” movement. They’re joining mainline and secular “liberals” on this issue, for a large majority Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend (Focalyst / Values 3): Making a Difference Boomers and their grandkids are bonding over a shared commitment to ethical behavior on critical global issues. This is enabled by ubiquitous information, and is less shared by the intermediate generation: The “Scrutiny Culture”: they will expose problems in blogs and boycotts, so corporate ethics is now a must. The “Life Legacy Audit”: boomers reflecting on what will they leave behind they want to be plugged into issues and causes they want to make the world better, and help solve problems they seek community and volunteer work, civic engagement high profile examples: Clinton, Buffett, Gates, Gore Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Part Three: New Marketing Approaches Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunities: Align with Emerging Value Trends To align with these Values Trends, companies should provide products and services that offer customers opportunities to: - maintain/enhance health and fitness - participate in vivid experiences - help their communities and ethical causes It’s not about “products and services” any more, it is about: Experiences and Solutions. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend (Coughlin 1): Beyond Products and Services Innovative organizations are blurring the lines between product and service delivery. Boomers, especially the women, want “solutions. ” Key features: (integrated, well-designed, simplified, proven) Thought process: (identify the “problem” more broadly, in a “holistic experience” context) Joseph Coughlin, MIT Age. Lab Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend (Coughlin 2): Leverage Nostalgia Factor: create products that boomers wanted when they were growing up but maybe could not afford (Nissan Z car, for example, or retro design) 1950 s and 1960 s Television culture, images, and environments: (Television is important to this TV generation, to give relief from a complicated life, and emotionally it recalls the times when they were growing up. ) Environmental “Nostalgia” cues: - Small town, neighborhood, or early suburban life - Special experiences: college, travel, camp, etc - “Nostalgia” means “homesickness”, a need for something familiar and secure - Nostalgia drives appeal of the New Urbanist TNDs Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend (Coughlin 3): Segments and Customization Boomers are diverse and should not be seen as “one group” for marketing. There is not one boomer profile, or even many: It’s all the way down to individual customization. (GAP tried to be clothing for anybody and everybody, but gave it up for the new “Forth and Towne” brand, to begin to capture the market in segments. ) They want a lot of choices. But they’re busy and demanding, and so want “editing” or guidance in approaching a product choice. Brand consciousness filters choice. A trusted brand is especially important for women. People “design themselves” through brand consciousness. There’s an increase of “aspirational brands” like Viking Ranges. Extreme Personalization: Nike has customizable running shoes, Sleep Comfort mattresses are adjustable even on each side, and how many ways can you get your coffee at Starbuck’s? Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: The Focalyst View, is an in depth inaugural study based on a nationwide population of 30, 000 50+ persons. Surveys were followed up by focus groups across the country. Data analysis has produced general profiles of 6 lifestyle segments. The 30, 000 can also be mined for specific, client driven topics. In segmentation of the data, age is not the primary factor, instead it’s the trigger Key Life Events and how each individual responds to them: these are what change life values. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Key Insight: It’s about Key Life Events / Changes These drive segmentations and behaviors. There are 42 such events, across the categories of: Family, Health, Financial, Career and Home. Both positive and negative Both beginnings and endings Both predictable and disruptive Involving preparedness, adjustments, and outcomes Life Values are mostly stable throughout life. Over time the Life Values & Life Events will mutually influence each other. Key events are: empty nest, retirement, death of spouse, moving, re marriage, etc. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Key Insight: American Segments on the Model Across these axes there are 9 profiles from the American survey data, with %’s: Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Key Insight: American Segments and Percentages Adventure 40% Self Interest 29% Safety 52% Conscience 63% Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Part Four: Trends in Environments for Aging Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: Boomers Moving to Small Towns to Retire Real estate costs less, generally friendly, and life style is simpler. Especially attractive are small towns near metropolitan areas, with top-rate airports, medical facilities, arts and culture, and recreation nearby. Towns with colleges in particular, have a convergence of these qualities, plus an intellectual culture appealing to many. For the towns, seniors can be an alternative to industry as a way to boost their local economies. Some (Nacogdoches, Texas) have targeted marketing campaigns and dedicated retiree marketing committees. (More on this in “Part Five: Destination Marketing”, and in Longino’s book, Retirement Migration in America, profiled there. ) Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: Boomers Retire in Major Urban Centers Many boomers are responding to the lure of convenience, cultural life, shopping, good public transportation, and an exciting lifestyle that was perhaps deferred “while the kids were growing up”. Major urban centers are seeking to attract affluent, culture conscious retirees. They provide stable, durable support for commercial, cultural, transportation, and other infrastructure. (More on this in Sections below on “Aging in Place” and “NORCs”, with examples from Boston, New York, and Baltimore. ) Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: The Clare at Water Tower, Chicago A CCRC (Continuing Care Retirement Center) in downtown Chicago, where seniors can live an active, urban lifestyle, and then remain in place throughout their needs for increasing levels of care. Slogan: “An Extraordinary Lifestyle In The Heart Of It All” Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
The Clare at Water Tower The Franciscan Sisters partnered with Loyola University to maximize the use of an urban site on Loyola's downtown campus. Located one block off of Chicago’s Magnificent Mile, at Rush and Pearson Streets, The Clare offers both housing for seniors and classroom space for Loyola University. The project allows Loyola to expand its academic facilities while allowing the Franciscan Sisters to fulfill their mission of providing much needed housing for senior citizens. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
The Clare at Water Tower The first three floors house Loyola classrooms. Forty-one levels contain 250 independent living units. There are three floors of skilled nursing and 3 floors with 52 units of assisted living. Other levels include a spa and fitness center and public amenities such as dining, libraries, kitchens, and administration space. The design maximizes views of Chicago’s Water Tower District and Lake Michigan. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: College-Affiliated Retirement Centers Colleges and Universities are marketing to their staff, faculty, and alumni, even in multiple cities. It’s an opportunity to extend their “brand”: For the colleges, there are many advantages: - economic boost to near-campus neighborhoods - build deeper alumni loyalties toward “planned giving” - lab setting for may relevant research disciplines - pool of smart volunteers, academics, emeriti, etc These are very attractive for retirees, since they generally mean: high quality medical facilities intergenerational, cosmopolitan community access to volunteer opportunities walkable shopping amenities and a town like neighborhood arts, culture, and lifelong learning lively and diverse social and intellectual life Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
College-Affiliated Thought Leaders The Kendal Company, Kennet Square, PA “Welcome to KENDAL, a system of communities and services for older adults integrating Quaker values in its work by fostering continued learning, outreach programs in the field of aging, and a culture of giving. The Kendal idea fosters the integration of continuing learning in all aspects of community life and work for residents, staff, and board members. The relationships of Kendal retirement communities with colleges and universities have grown steadily over the past 30 years. Following Kendal at Hanover's opening in 1991, Kendal at Oberlin, Kendal at Ithaca, Kendal at Lexington, and Kendal at Granville all benefited from significant participation with institutions of higher learning in their individual locations. College alumni and faculty have become Founders, board members, or both; in several instances, interaction with the institutions themselves has led to the generous contribution of venture capital, land, and the numerous areas of expertise so important to the developing communities. ” http: //www. kendal. org/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Oak Hammock CARC and CCRC At the University of Florida, Gainesville Marketing Brochure (provided) features key phrases: - An innovative Life Fulfilling Community® for the 21 st Century - A picturesque resort-style environment enhanced by intellectual stimulation - Values that matter to today’s older adults – lifelong personal growth, choices, involvement and well-being. - Resort-style service… regular transportation to the University, shopping, and entertainment - Life Care (medical coverage)… providing extraordinary value, security and asset protection through our flexible refund plans. ” Entry Fees are $100 -500 k. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Oak Hammock: Building plan shows interior “village like” layout of multiple amenities. Site plan shows extensive scale, in a meandering, surburban style. http: //www. oakhammock. org Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Village at Penn State CARC CCRC Residency here offers priority access to Penn State football and basketball tickets, fitness centers, libraries, computers, golf and tennis facilities, and free enrollment in campus courses when available. Images from: http: //www. villageatpennstate. com Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Lasell Village CCRC at Lasell College Slogan: The Unique Living and Learning Community Located at Lasell College in Newton, Mass: “Lasell Village invites you to think of retirement in a whole new way – with an emphasis on active, intellectually enriched living. The Village combines the convenience and security of a not-for-profit continuing care retirement community with hotel-quality hospitality – and the personal, cultural, and social opportunities of lifelong learning at one of Greater Boston's oldest educational institutions. ” Image from: http: //www. lasellvillage. com/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Kendal at Hanover CARC CCRC Located at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH: Two and a half miles north of the Dartmouth campus, Kendal provides 250 residences, and state of the art health facilities that share staff with the Darthmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. Residents have access to area and campus cultural events and facilities, including peer-taught non-credit courses. Image from: http: //kah. kendal. org/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Campus-Oriented NORC at MIT University Residential Communities LLC in Cambridge MA, was founded by a group of 8 faculty including former MIT president Paul Gray. The project is to network 150 apartments in Cambridge, so that residents would share communal spaces, library, and business center, plus key services like food shopping and transport, cleaning. Access to MIT classes and amenities is included. An “integrated, intergenerational” approach and developed in a more urban situation. Charles W. Harris, Prof of Landscape Arch Emeritus expects increasing demand for these integrated urban approaches. The problem with many campus related CCRC‘s is they are too far apart and estranged from the under 55 communities. MIT affiliated retirees are encouraged to invest their capital gains proceeds in the campus area and re connect with the campus community. Source: Nell Porter Brown, “Back to School” (harvardmagazine. com, 5/19/2006) http: // web. mit. edu/ir/urc/may 2004/Prospectus_5_20_04. pdf Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: Cohousing Boomers who witnessed (or even lived) the commune craze of the 1960 s and 70 s went on to live the most un communal lives in American history. Uprooted, fastpaced, alienated, fragmented lives; statistically having fewer and fewer close friends, or contact-time with neighbors. The cohousing movement, imported from Scandinavia in the 1980 s, reflects an upsurge of interest in communal living, generally around some shared theme like religious, political, or ecological values. The original motives were better daycare, a safer neighborhood, and closer friendship and community ties. Facilities generally include modest private dwellings, tightly clustered around well planned, useable public spaces, and extensive communal facilities that support shared cooking, dining, socializing, recreation, child care, and other activities. There are currently 80 cohousing communities in the US, with more than 100 more in the planning stages. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Wild Sage Cohousing, Boulder, CO The cohousing is set within a larger neighborhood consisting of condos, lofts, single family homes, apartments, retail, parks, gardens, orchards, walking paths, and employment, all built within the re claimed “Holiday Drive In Theater” site. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Wild Sage situates 34 homes on 1. 5 acres, around along walkways and small courtyards. Parking is at the periphery, requiring human contact on the way to each dwelling. Design and use of spaces between buildings is key to defining community life. Circulation converges on the Common House, containing a central dining room and large “gourmet” kitchen, plus lounges, children’s areas, and decks. Shared evening meals are planned and served by rotating resident teams three times a week. Wild Sage was developed on the “lot” method, by Wonderland Hill Development Company (Jim Leach, contact), the largest developer of cohousing facilities in the US. They have done 16. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: TND’s and “New Urbanism” Trends in Boomer desires align with core concepts in the NU-TND Movement. ‘New Urbanism” is the design wing of the “Smart Growth” Movement. Boomer’s openness to innovation could cause a reinvention of an intergenerational civic and community life, and the physical places needed to foster it. Boomers are a prime opportunity target for social and planning innovations: Core principles of TNDs (Traditional Neighborhood Developments) are essentially the same as the needs for existing neighborhoods to be retrofitted, or new ones built, to better meet the needs of older adults: Zoning laws to allow more mixed-use, and intergenerational development. Shops and amenities reachable on foot Public transportation options Mixed housing types, use types, and densities Access to a vital social life Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: TND’s and “New Urbanism” The appeal, the “Nostalgia” Factor: The appeal of places we go on vacation, like historic towns here or in Europe, comes from well proven design principles, and their ability to support an engaging, compact, well-balanced, and walkable way of life. TND Economics: These planning principles seem to sell: units in TNDs (and “New Urbanist” developments) sell for 10 20% more than comparables in nearby ordinary developments. The story of property valued at Seaside (told in Boomer Nation) shows the effect of high quality and short supply on prices, for (the first) innovative development using these principles. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: Innovation Around Nostalgia New Urbanism resonates with what elders need in town design, imagery that plays to the sense of home and community, compactness and walkability among mixed use facilities, and a level of visual / proportional / traditional quality that has mass to high end appeal. Compare with the “Starbucks” example of “designed experience” that resonates on multiple levels. Search innovation space for how to exploit this direction (“town” as “experience”? ) creatively. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: Post-Suburban Boomer Communities So, if they live in suburbia now, boomers may want something more, or different, when the kids are gone. It will need to be a hybrid of what is good about the suburbs, offer solutions to their critical aging related problems, and provide vivid life enhancing “experiences. ” For boomers to be able to “age in place” in suburbia, there will be big obstacles, requiring highly innovative infrastructural and institutional changes: transportation, walking, third places, etc. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: NORCs: Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities NORC’s are towns or neighborhoods where “aging in place” is occurring to such an extent that organized infrastructure is created to support it. From buildings, to whole towns or neighborhoods, residents are organizing to “age in place”. Governmental and other agencies are moving to support this, as in Baltimore’s push to become “America’s most aging friendly city”. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: NORC-Based Services Support services organized for NORC residents, allowing them to “age in place” well in their homes and familiar town / neighborhood surroundings: -social services -dental and medical care -mental health services -adult day care and personal care -meals -housekeeping -legal / financial services -home maintenance or remodeling -recreation -wellness programs -education / cultural activities -volunteer opportunities -intergenerational opportunities -transportation -access to commerce Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
NORC Values and Virtues: NORCs are the most attractive alternative to moving, leaving family and friends, or losing ties to community organizations and amenities. Here are the general values that people want / need, as shown in multiple sample surveys conducted by NORC services agencies in multiple cities: -companionship -religious / spiritual community -helpful neighbors -sense of contribution to others and community -commerce: goods and services -exercise / walking -safety -control of one’s own life -financial security -social life -leisure and cultural life -intergenerational contacts -civic engagement Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: Neighborhood / Village Downtowns as NORCs Many older neighborhoods and small towns have both aging populations, and town centers with a manageable scale, and many important amenties and services. They may already be the more attractive locations for folks to “age in place”, both for their current residents and potential new ones. The big advantages are that the residents can: walk to everyday needs, stay near church (etc), family, and friends, use public transportation easily What’s usually needed to turn these neighborhoods into fully functioning NORCs, is: revisions to infrastructure (walkability) organized services, cooperatives, etc. new (infill) facilities as needed to cover the range of needs. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: “First Suburbs” as NORCs Early suburbs, with their better densities and housing options, are best positioned as NORCs. Immediate issues for folks staying in their houses are utility and tax costs, and home maintenance. For those willing to move, or move in, it’s the availability of alternative housing types and convenient senior services. New services can be based in neighborhood-based CCRCs (Continuing Care Retirement Communities), like Smith Village, a redevelopment in Chicago’s Beverly Hills area, 112 th at South Western Avenue. Both neighborhood and CCRC residents are close to both the town’s amenities, and increased levels of care through the new facility. http: //www. smithvillage. org/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: Infill facilities/services to enhance NORCs Depending on what already exists in a NORC community, infilling commercial, mixed-use, new residential, CCRCs, and senior centers, can become economic catalysts and provide key services to support this transformation. Senior Suites of Chatham (8300 S Cottage Grove Ave; Chicago Dept on Aging) provides services to residents and neighborhood elders alike, and so helps integrate the building and its residents into the life of the community. Image from: http: //www. cityofchicago. org/Aging/ Chicago Dept on Aging Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Penn South Cooperative NORC, New York City “Penn South” is a limited equity housing cooperative set up in Chelsea in 1957 by the garment workers’ unions. It has been supported with city tax abatements, and maintains affordable housing costs. It remains an affordable, integrated, selfgoverning community. “Social innovation” is actively supported within the community, such as frameworks for intergenerational functions and activities. Gardens, various services, and a variety of activities are cooperatively organized. Penn South is called a “village within a city”. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning http: //www. pennsouth. coop
Opportunity: Seeking NORCs in Cincinnati Local examples? Mariemont (less successful without its grocery or cheap café) Oakley (best multi functional, walkable town center) Clifton (best density and diversity, losing on safety) How well supported, by agencies and institutions, are neighborhoods in Cincinnati with concentrations of aging persons? What facilities and services could be infilled to consolidate key needs, densities, uses, and systems? Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: Hamilton County’s Aging Populations (from CAGIS data, Spring 2007) Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: Aging In Place This is the more general trend / preference behind NORCs: Most people want to stay where the are as long as possible, even to the end. Local governments and businesses are positioning themselves to support this trend, since a large majority of the aging boomers prefer this option to re locating. Towns and cities are forming task forces to assess their readiness. (“Triple A’s” – see Organization: n 4 a) Lexington, KY, has an initiative to evaluate its 125 neighborhood groups in terms of suitability for Aging in Place. Baltimore’s comprehensive approach is discussed below. Wells Fargo Bank is positioning itself as the preferred lender for AIP housing options. With AARP involvement, NAHB has created its “CAPS” program: “Certified Aging in Place Specialists. ” Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Beacon Hill Village, Boston Aging in Place Infrastructure: Beacon Hill Village, Boston, is a non profit membership organization of older residents who live independently in neighborhood houses, but contract as a group for services such as cleaning, transportation, shopping, and home health care. Source: Nell Porter Brown, “Back to School” (harvardmagazine. com, 5/19/2006) http: //www. beaconhillvillage. org/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Organization: Nat’l Assoc. of Area Agencies on Aging “The National Association of Area Agencies on Aging (n 4 a) is the umbrella organization for the 655 area agencies on aging (AAAs) and more than 230 Title VI Native American aging programs in the U. S. Through its presence in Washington, D. C. , n 4 a advocates on behalf of the local aging agencies to ensure that needed resources and support services are available to older Americans. The fundamental mission of the AAAs and Title VI programs is to provide services which make it possible for older individuals to remain in their home, thereby preserving their independence and dignity. These agencies coordinate and support a wide range of home- and community-based services, including information and referral, homedelivered and congregate meals, transportation, employment services, senior centers, adult day care and a long-term care ombudsman program. http: //www. n 4 a. org/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource / Event: Environments for Aging Conference April 22 23, 2007, Baltimore, MD Sponsored by The Vendome Group http: //www. vendomegrp. com/healthcare. html Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Part Five: The Baltimore Experience Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Shiela Dixon, Mayor of Baltimore It required mayoral leadership, and her background in aging related issues and social service policies, in order to organize the huge effort of collaboration to launch Baltimore’s initiatives. A guiding principle is: “What’s better for the aging population is better for all. ” Baltimore’s aspiration is to be: “The most elder friendly city in the country. ” This means, specifically: best care models best aging in place infrastructure best housing diversity Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Baltimore: Partnerships are Essential for Success Baltimore’s collaborative effort attracted representation from 91 major institutions, including: academic, medical, faith based (consortia and alliances), 26 government agencies and departments, service providers, consumers, and others. Keys were: Tie in to city and regional governments is a must Tie in to community and neighborhood groups, and institutions is also a must Prepare for and serve aging, diverse population Including those with special needs, in poverty, or at risk Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Baltimore Blueprint: The Problems Groups that are aging in the city and have special issues or needs: low income, at risk empty nesters older homeowners those with chronic illnesses and disabilities grandparents raising grandchildren aging gays and lesbians ethnically and culturally diverse communities baby boomers, the “new aging” Isolation is a primary problem: In urban areas it is social isolation In rural and suburban areas it is geographic isolation Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Baltimore Blueprint: The Problems Basic Needs: Life necessities available and accessible to all Safety in homes and communities Environmental Needs: Affordable and age-appropriate housing Multi-mode, safe transportation, including walking Older citizens empowered to shape their lives Neighborhoods navigable for differently abled Health and Wellness Needs: Continuum of medical, mental, preventive, and social support services Age friendly physical fitness and recreation Reform of health care and long term care Emergency preparedness and response Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Baltimore Blueprint: The Solutions 1. Develop local solutions: federal government will not support needs or set policy cities (and even neighborhoods) have unique profiles and challenges 2. Empower people: help them do what they need to do identify and remove barriers 3. Social and Civic Engagement: Neighborhoods and Institutions welcome involvement by all ages Increased employment, volunteer, education, intergenerational opportunities Retirement education and financial planning services for all “Foster Grandparents” and “Experience Corps” (see Marc Freedman) are key, exemplary solutions to isolation problem Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Baltimore Blueprint: The Solutions 4. Quality of the City and of Civic Life: What aging need will help all citizens and the city as a whole. Empty nesters seeking urban amenities will help make the city safer Developers are doing urban housing and condos in all price ranges Position The City as an attractor 5. Keys to the Successful Retrofit / Infill of Older Neighborhoods: Tie it to Economic Development, make the financial case Get corporate and chain commerce to see the economic benefits Develop “livable community” plans, per neighborhood Include the Public Works and Transportation Departments Aging advocates attend all City and Neighborhood Planning meetings Strive for TOD’s, “Transit Oriented Developments” Interview with John Stewart for Nursing Homes, August 2006, available at: http: //findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m 3830/is_8_55/ai_n 16740971 Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Baltimore Master Plan and TOD’s The key concept for retrofitting Baltimore’s urban neighborhoods for “aging in place” is transit oriented development. Definition: “A place of relatively higher density that includes a mixture of residential, employment, shopping, and civic uses and types, located within an easy walk of a bus or transit center. ” (State of Maryland’s TOD Task Force, 2000) These compact, pedestrian friendly activity zones near transit stations: create amenities for existing transit riders increase desireable densities and varieties of housing / use types generate new ridership through nearby housing and destinations leverage transit investments to achieve community goals enhancing livability through infrastructure investments and use mixes reduce auto dependency by enabling transit or pedestrian access to amenities. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Stadium Place, Baltimore The Stadium Place NORC is regarded as one of the best senior urban neighborhood projects in the US, particularly in its solutions to the “affordability” problem through novel business models. It was created by a coalition of a developer (GEDCO) with a group of 7 churches. It won the support of the local surrounding communities (who were opposing big developer plans that called for “office parks” and the like). Its attractiveness was as a re-weaving of the urban fabric. Investment in such environments to support health and well being (sense of community, healthful lifestyles, aging in place, social engagement) will produce economic benefits for communities, and will save millions of dollars in health care, support and social services, and problem-solving needs. Again: make the long term, overall economic case. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Stadium Place: Specifics “Stadium Place is a new vision for Baltimore's seniors – an attractive mixed income campus providing apartments, home ownership and assisted living facilities with no entrance fee. Residents' changing needs will be met with a range of health, wellness and personal services. There is subsidized housing and services for those in need. ” Plans include assisted living, condos and apartments, sub- and market-rate, retail and office spaces, and up to 255 units with 500 residents on the 30 acre site. There are 70 units so far, with 2000 households on the wait list. Existing pre civil war hotel was rehabbed as a part of the complex. The new Central Baltimore YMCA is on the property, providing intergenerational social and recreational opportunities: day care, a pool, ball fields, and play spaces. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Stadium Place: Financials Condos average $200, 000 each, folks buy in with “Bite Size” funds. Overall there are $1. 8 m in 0% government loans, and $1. 5 m in government grants also in the project. Besides HUD section 8 grants, there are Weinberg Foundation grants. There are now 18 faith based institutions involved. http: //www. habitatamerica. com/apt_stadium_place. html Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Govans Ecumenical Dev. Corp. (GEDCO) A 501 (e) (3) entity, they are the developer of Stadium Place, Baltimore. "In partnership with faith communities, GEDCO provides affordable housing with supportive services and assists in meeting emergency needs of area residents. “GEDCO is a thriving, forward-looking nonprofit organization that addresses some of the most complex challenges facing America's urban communities in the 21 st century. Every day, we strive to meet the needs of some of Baltimore's neediest citizens. We do this by providing a sense of home through our housing programs. We do this by fostering a sense of encouragement and a sense of hope through our food pantry and emergency financial assistance center. We invite you to learn more about us and the exciting work we are doing. ” http: //www. gedco. org/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
The Café Plus Model: An Ageless Approach Mather Life. Ways is a non profit philanthropic group interested in ways to age well, especially supporting “aging in place” in lower to middle income districts where older folks are often house secure, but cash poor. “Research shows that 95% of today's independent and active older adults prefer to remain in their homes and communities as they age. Mather Life. Ways' Community Initiatives help neighborhoods become better places for older adults to live, work, learn, contribute, and play. Our programs include Mather's—More Than a Café locations, the Mather Edgewater outreach program, and Info Plus. ” The “Café-Plus” format is storefront that they rent and renovate on a short term (5 year) basis, and set up a restaurant that doubles as a social environment. They provide breakfast and lunch at low prices for neighborhood residents, not necessarily dinner. Steady staff are trained to perform a social guidance and monitoring role. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Café-Plus: Design and Retail Concept The spaces are about 5, 000 square feet, with tables and chairs, including computer labs. Areas can be cleared for exercise and fitness, or for special events. Space is wide open, all can see what others are doing. The design is “cool” like a Starbucks: clean, bright, fun, perky. Tables are large, deep shadowboxes that the folks fill with their mementos and things to share. The goal is to attract those who reject other social environments, and to keep people socially connected. The approach is a “retail” concept, where the folks are “customers”. It’s also open to all ages; and the food is cheap. Food brings people together, creating a “stealth” support system / network. Customers help with the menu planning, and can contribute recipes. Mathers subsidizes “Café Plus” through its Life. Way Program, at about $250, 000 / year, http: //www. matherlifeways. com/iyc_inyourcommunity. asp Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: Blended Function “Agora” “Café Plus” illustrates a bigger principle: In both aging-in-place communities (NORCs), or stand-alone senior villages or facilities, there is a consensus that social engagement happens best when everydaylife needs and functions are closely arranged and blended, and participation is an “authentic” part of normal, daily living: multiple functions in one place preserving choice and independence everyday life needs are the attractors convenience and ease of use resembles long-term cultural traditions (agora, street, coffee shop, etc) Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
50+ Igniting a Revolution Bill Novelli, CEO of AARP provides another staggering statistic: 2/3 of all persons over 65 since the dawn of humanity are alive today. What do people want? The fundamental, key things are: - community - mobility - choices and control - services People want to stay in their communities and in their homes (over 80%), and also stay independent as they age and as their needs increase. It’s about improving lives for these folks but also harnessing the power of these older Americans to improve our society. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
50+ Igniting a Revolution Barriers to people staying in their homes and communities: lack of universal design features in houses lack of mobility outside the house, car dependence Streetcar suburbs and towns that have commercial amenities are much more amenable to “aging in place” than post 1950 s suburbs designed for cars only, with no sidewalks, spread out distances, no public transport. Predominance of these latter environments lead to problems for their aging residents: social isolation and depression, alcoholism lack of exercise, obesity physical and mental deterioration Mobility for the aging population is essential; it’s the key to “choice and control”. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Novelli’s Exemplar: “King Farm Development” Cited by Bill Novelli as “a town not a tract”, King Farm near Rockville, MD, is a New Urbanist and TOD inspired development: linked to quality public transit, pedestrian friendly, and higher density. A shuttle bus serving the Metro station near King Farm Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
King Farm Development In a compact planning approach, the density increases from single family homes, to townhouses, to apartments closest to the Metro station. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
King Farm Development The original farm buildings have been preserved on the site to provide educational and recreation opportunities for residents of Rockville. http: //www. epa. gov/smartgrowth/case/kingfarm. htm Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Part Six: Destination Marketing Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Marketing Non-metropolitan Destinations As an economic development strategy, governments are investing in marketing their locations as destinations for retirees, and assisting in organizing retiree attraction programs. Compared to the old push by small towns and rural areas have to attract manufacturing, this has many advantages: Fastest growth (both population and per capita income) in non metropolitan counties was from tourism and retirement Generally can evolve successfully from areas with tourist draw or potential Steady incomes (pensions, annuities, etc) not dependent on economic downturns Increase number of “positive tax payers” (pay more than they use) Less pollution than manufacturing Increases “social capital” pool of volunteerism, talent, expertise, and philanthropy Builds a more service based economy: real estate, insurance, financials, health care Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Book: Retirement Migration in America Charles F. Longino, Jr (Professor at Wake Forest), Houston: Vacation Publications, 1995 Though aging in place is preferred by a large majority of retirees, a sizable group are seeking to change their lifestyles by re locating. The environments they are in no longer meet their changing expectations. Images of retirement lifestyles often come from vacation experiences, places that attract tourists, because of climate, amenities, cultural heritage, scenery, way of life, or other factors. (There’s an important analogy between “vacation” lifestyle and “retirement” lifestyle. ) Those who move long distances in retirement are the more affluent: They have both the means and the life experiences to pre dispose them to this choice. And, they have the funds to invest in new property. Baby boomer cohort is more polarized economically, with a smaller “middle class” segment and more households in the upper (those who will migrate) and lower income brackets. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Retirement Migration: Amenities Sought - Low crime - Good hospitals - Low overall cost of living - Mild climate - Low overall taxes - Low housing costs - Friendly neighbors - Major city nearby - No state income tax - Active social and cultural environment A Gallup Poll around 1990 asked people 50+ to name their ideal place to live, and 60% idealized small towns or rural areas. A better place to live economically and also to get in touch with important values. But being near to city amenities was still valued. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Retirement Migration: Location Trends Eastern US: major destinations as of early 1990 s Sub trends: Return Migration (to one’s home state) Snowbirds (affluent retirees moving seasonally) Favored Regional Destinations: Coastal New England New Jersey, Sub regions of Appalachian chain The Ozarks Southwestern desert resorts Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Destination Marketing: AARP’s Ten Attractors 1. Availability of jobs (many retirees will want to work) 2. Affordable housing (relative to the national average) 3. Culture and entertainment (arts, sports, shopping) 4. Outdoor recreation (diverse: not just golf any more) 5. Safety (personal, property, general security) 6. College or university (lifelong learning, intergenerational) 7. Sense of community (vital walkable town center, strong social groups) 8. Health care (close to high end facilities) 9. Public high schools (for kids still at home) 10. Good transportation (low traffic, good airport) Important Sub trends: to stay near family, or near economic opportunity to make an “aesthetic choice” for lifestyle appeal, then seek other values to seek opportunities for what they didn’t have time for while working. Source: http: //www. aarpmagazine. org/travel/Articles/a 2003 03 27 mag bestplaces. html Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Destination Marketing: Best Places for Retirement Re curring in the survey ratings, from AARP, Fortune, CNN / Money, Kiplinger: Sarasota, FL Ashland (and Astoria), OR Iowa City, IA Athens, GA Fort Collins (etc), CO Beaufort (etc), SC Portsmouth, NH (and Brunswick, ME) Hendersonville (etc), NC Ithaca, NY Chicago Baltimore Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: Marketing the Central Ohio Valley? Developing places and amenities in our region would involve: Convincing area residents to stay put. Convincing residents from other areas (throughout the Midwest? ) to relocate. Emphasizing “tourist” amenities: culture, scenery, history, nice towns, etc. Leveraging those as “place rating” amenities. Emphasizing issues from the “Ten Attractors” and other amenity lists. Implementing the NORC and AIP strategies in specific towns and districts. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Destination Marketing: Key Values and Virtues From a private developers advertising, typical of the industry: www. retirementplacesreport. com We can analyze the key phrases used in marketing their new developments: historic center classic design secure privacy medical access moderate seasons water sports rural charm porches and sidewalks nostalgic neighborhood walkable streets gated community lakefront sites wooded enclave centralized location easy access park like setting quaint village mountain vistas pedestrian oriented Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: Innovation Space across Two Main Types These marketing phrases reflect deeply underlying ideals that sort into two main types. This offers the opportunity to focus, clarify, analyze, and innovatively strengthen or re blend these ideals: Town / Village / Neighborhood Type vs. Resort / Recreational / Activity Type If these are the predominant images, or archetypes, how is the industry using or mis using their primary, fundamental, culturally rooted features? What is still being missed? Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: Who Invests in Destination Marketing? Efforts to market destinations (existing towns and cities) for retirement living are spearheaded through Chambers of Commerce, Economic Development Councils, Area Agencies on Aging, City and County Governments, Regional or Local Tourism Councils, sometimes with the collaboration of key private interests. The Baltimore example best illustrates the immense breadth of collaboration, and top-level leadership, needed to be successful across all phases of design and implementation. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: The Villages, Central Florida The top selling master planned community in the US, and the largest single site developer in the US. Full build-out will be 100, 000 residents. Multiple clustered town squares, recreation centers, charter schools, mixed housing types, and amenities. Over 300 scheduled recreational activities and cultural events weekly, involving multiple social clubs from croquet to harmonica. Even multiple “Red Hat” chapters! Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
The Villages “The Villages Florida is an active 55+ adult community. “Enjoy the convenience and security of “Hometown Living” where all the comforts of home are just a golf car ride away! We’ve designed The Villages with your enjoyment, security and convenience in mind. By utilizing the latest concepts in neighborhood and community planning, The Villages has been able to better serve its residents’ needs without sacrificing its small town charm and intimacy. Virtually every convenience our residents need on a day-to-day basis can be found in The Village and all are a golf car ride away. ” Images from: http: //www. thevillages. com/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
The Villages: Advertising Analysis Informal, folksy, scrapbook look. Emphasis on active outdoor recreation, and romantic couples. Public and commercial spaces a reasonable facsimile of town-like environment. Houses (villas) are very 1960 s, not attractive, and not reflective of current trends toward walkability. Principal transport option seems to be golf carts. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Part Seven: Assisted / Nursing Facility Design Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Thought Leader: Lorraine Hiatt, Design Trends Hiatt runs a NYC Consulting Firm, offering “planning, research, and design for aging. ” 1. We need to re think how people can manage their “stuff” (Elders are concerned with how many possessions to bring into new simplified life. Clean and clever storage or “stuff management” solutions are a key opportunity. ) 2. We need to offer the diverse boomer market “choice, control, and customization” (Niche markets and preferences will predominate, increasingly people will want to retain control and individuality) 3. We need to get and stay in front on Green, Sustainable Design (This is the fastest rising differentiator on the “values” scale, and boomers want this. ) 4. We need to develop creative intergenerational living formats (The overwhelming preference is to not be isolated from real communities or social groups, from family or friends, from commerce and daily needs. ) Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Hiatt on Design Specifics for Dwellings 1. “Kitchens Without Borders”: spatially open, central to the life of the unit, positionable islands, smaller (modular) appliances, and innovative storage. Examples from Carolinakitchens. com; allkitchencarts. com; adjust a shelf; E Z shelf. 2. “Creative Storage” or “Stuff Management”: learn from vertical living precedents (New York ization), emphasize simplicity and clean design, the California Closets model. 3. “Split Plan Dwelling”: bedrooms move to opposite sides of living area, allowing for dual master bedrooms and / or dual home office studios. 4. “Open Plans and Longer Views”: diagonals, for example, help to increase vistas and perceived dimensions; diagonals and other techniques can decrease circulation space by minimizing hallways. 5. “Zero-Entry Showers and Tubs”: these are the number one assisted living need. Examples at Bestbath. com; aquabath. com. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Hiatt on Design Specifics for Communities 1. Create an “Agora”: commons areas that weave through the building or campus, linking shared amenities, and combining functions: for example, cocktails by the pool: 2. In setting “character”, learn from resorts, spas, and cruises, and how they provide integrated, “vivid sensory experiences” in public spaces and activities. 3. The Wellness Fitness Center should also include the “Memory Gym”: social and mental workouts are central to well being, and long life avoiding dementia. 4. The “Sensation of Food”: in place of discreet food preparation, trend is toward bistro or casual dining, with the ability in the space to “touch, feel, see, and smell the food” while it’s cooking, and to participate in the choice of food. 5. Amenities that “Crossover with the Outside World”: trend is toward spas, shops, daycare, galleries, etc, that blend with the outside community and integrate user groups, public audiences, and generations. 6. Hobbies Going Professional: sports, crafts, woodshops, art studios, for use (or rental) by the residents; then the works go on sale at galleries open to the outside community. 7. Big House or “Cluster Cottages”: 3 4 floors including garages that incorporate 8 10 units in a “large house” but retain a residential character. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Thought Leader: Bill Thomas & The Eden Alternative Led by Bill Thomas, MD (Gerontology), The Eden Alternative is a movement to enrich and enliven cold, hospital like long term care residences: “The Eden Alternative™ has the potential of remaking the experience of aging and disability across America and around the world. It is a powerful tool for improving quality of life. To make that happen, however, we need to teach others about what The Eden Alternative™ is and how they can use it to transform the communities in which they work. We create coalitions of people and organizations that are committed to creating better social and physical environments for people. We are dedicated to helping others create enlivening environments and the elimination of the plagues of Loneliness, Helplessness, and Boredom. We are dedicated to helping people grow. “The core concept of The Eden Alternative™ is strikingly simple. We must teach ourselves to see the environments as habitats for human beings rather than facilities for the frail and elderly. We must learn what Mother Nature has to teach us about the creation of vibrant, vigorous habitats http: //www. edenalt. com/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Organization: SAGE Society for the Advancement of Gerontological Environments Since 1999, SAGE has partnered with AAHSA (The American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging) to present a Post Occupancy Evaluation session at the AAHSA annual meeting. SAGE holds these values related to geronotological environments: Physical safety and psychological security: Provide appropriate safe guards and enhance perception of security. Environment as a therapeutic resource: Utilize all aspects of the environment (physical, programmatic and organizational) as a resource for healing and improved functioning. Holism and well-being: Focus on needs and desires of the whole person social, emotional, spiritual and physical, vocational and intellectual. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
“Evidence Based Design” by SAGE and CHD Amy Carpenter and Anjali Joseph, SAGE and CHD (Center for Health Design), presenting at Baltimore “Environments for Aging” Conference: A research-driven approach to the design of long-term care facilities, tracking “Post Occupancy Evaluation” literature on the building type. Led by Dr. Joseph, Research Director for CHD, the team surveyed 250 peer reviewed journal articles covering key areas such as: social interaction spaces, homelike qualities, wayfinding, safety issues, and staff satisfaction and morale. Here’s their list of problems, with the “best practices” solutions: 1. insomnia: a problem for 70% of residents. Solve with more physical activity, and more daylight during daytime; reduction of noise and light levels at night. 2. disorientation: articulate circulation spaces with landmarks and reference nodes, event spaces, destinations, and personalized memorabilia features (“Memory Boxes”). Good signage, quiet, color differentiation, windows, and benches are also helpful. 3. disruptive agitation (with dementia especially): exposure to bright light and natural daylighting during the day, smaller sized units, privacy, music at meals and in commons spaces, secure outdoor areas. Familiar elements (like fireplaces) help prompt normal behavior. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Evidence Based Design 4. low physical activity: include features to encourage safe walking, like destination amenities, covered connections, indoor routes, looped outdoor routes, multiple nodes. 5. social isolation: private rooms help by giving control, furniture groups of the right size and shape, smaller is better for reduced abilities. 6. falling (accounts for 71% of total cost consequences among 60+ population): more light, removing hazards and barriers, handrails for leaning not just grabbing, floors not shiny or rough. 7. unsafe exiting or getting lost (dementia): provide access to a safe outdoors, looped paths and circulation, disguise some exits. The Pebble Project, a collaborative research initiative through the CHD now involves over 30 providers who are engaged in building up a sharable database of “evidence based design” research. Contact: Anjali Joseph, director of research for CHD ajoseph@healthdesign. org Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Cypress Glen, Greenville, SC DESIGN magazine, Citation winner, 2006 1. Cypress Glen, Greenville, SC: by AG Architecture Reflecting the trend to a “domestic” model of care and environmental character, as opposed to a “healthcare” model. Effective and prominent use of “iconic” home features, such as porches, fireplaces, central kitchens. A new section is designed specially for memory care. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Marywood Center, Grand Rapids (MI) DESIGN magazine, Citation winner, 2006 2. Marywood Center for Dominican Sisters, Perkins Eastman Architects The Dominican Sisters were interested in both their own needs plus an appeal to the market for the remainder, and built 51 units of assisted, skilled, and dementia care. Clean contemporary forms and free plans are used, avoiding the “cold” feeling of modern (or “institutional”) design by the “authentic” look rendered in simple natural materials. Units also feature good built ins for the management of “stuff”. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Friendship Haven, Fort Dodge, IA DESIGN magazine, Citation winner, 2006 3. Friendship Haven, Fort Dodge, IA: Tremain Architects St Paul MN Interior styles intended to reflect an “active and vital lifestyle” and not the staid old club room, nor even the “soft, homey” feeling. Features a contemporary look, with natural materials. Not condescending but recognizes the sophistication of the next generation of retirees. Strong use of natural light and multiple access points to nature and gardens. http: //www. dodgenet. com/~fhaven/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Shaller Family Sholom East Campus, St Paul Featured in: DESIGN magazine, 2006 4. Shaller Family Sholom By Nelson Tremain Partnership, Minneapolis Fits an urban block in an old, reclaimed urban brownfield site. Activity areas front the street, including fitness room, pool, delicatessen, and adult day care center. Replaces a “medical model” nursing home with a CCRC full continuum care facility. Contains 45 “HUD 202” independent living units, 45 assisted living units, 18 memory care units, 80 resident skilled nursing beds in 8 “household” clusters, each with a kitchen, and 12 patient hospice beds. Five stories of “urban contemporary” over parking; rooftop gardens have views of the Mississippi River. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Wakefield Overlook, Westminster, MD DESIGN magazine, Citation winner, 2006 5. Wakefield Overlook at Carroll Lutheran Village, CSD Architects, Baltimore New Urbanist approach to the site planning creates a community building as a “town square”, surrounded by mixed sizes, densities, and types of housing, apartments, and village homes. Small yards, porches and balconies, traditional compact street plans, alleys, commercial center. Contrasts with the older (suburban) parts of the campus, becoming more “town like”. On the square (“Mission Square”) is a hospitality center with sidewalk café, fine dining, bistro, convenience retail, and Wellness Center. Walkable and sociable, based on the “village” or “small town” model. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Firm Profile: CSD Design, Baltimore Duncan Walker and Janet Reynolds, Principals Critiquing the traditional suburban approach to Residential and Care Facility design (sprawling buildings on “campuses” among free form parking lots and tract like housing): Since the original “suburban dream” of the 1950 s, cars and our car dependent culture and urban patterns have created an alienation of the pedestrian and an erosion of a “sense of place”, through decreased density, seas of parking, loss of sidewalks, loss of figural or useable open spaces, dilution of regional architectural vocabularies, decline of walkable commercial districts, and the wasting of commuting time. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning Duncan Walker
CSD Architects: Post-suburban Retirement Centers The New Urbanist Movement offers counter strategies: mixed uses, mixed densities, mixed incomes, mixed cars with pedestrians, and clustering of neighbors among shared amenities and open spaces. The firm adapts these and related strategies and principles to give retirement facilities a greater sense of “community” and “sense of place”: More “town like” planning for retirement centers More integration of people and facilities with surrounding communities More compact plans improve pedestrian experiences and amenities Precision in traditions of architectural vocabularies, not generic pastiche Centers that better resemble normal town living will attract residents Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
CSD Architects: St James Place, Baton Rouge, LA As an example of the integration of CCRC’s into the fabrics of existing neighborhoods, towns, and cities, St. James Place shares its public clinic building with the outside community, though a fence is required otherwise, since the area is not safe. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
St. James Place The “Big House” model incorporates multiple units clustered into a building which still retains the proportions and character of a large house, in the distinctive Lower Mississippi regional vernacular. http: //www. csdarch. com/portfolio/senior. cfm Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
CSD Architects: The Summit, at Lynchburg, VA A CCRC built adjacent to Wyndhurst Town Center (a new mixed use and shopping district), that allows residents to walk across the street for coffee, shopping, café’s, and professional services. The facility has its own “town square” and street fronts. Ages mix as people make use of open access back and forth. Economic benefits of this sharing with an adjacent community: because of the location, the facility can actually provide fewer services, and can share its own facilities with the community, providing a source of income. And the facility’s residents help provide a reliable economic market for the Town Center’s commerce, while enjoying an intergenerational environment. http: //www. summitlynchburg. com/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
CSD Architects: Harbor’s Edge, Norfolk, VA On an urban brownfields area near the prestigious Ghent neighborhood and the Norfolk harbor, this high density urban living complex has a 16 story tower with 163 independent living apartments. This was extremely successful: the high rise units sold out in about eight weeks. http: //content. hamptonroads. com/story. cfm? story=118705&ran=47305 Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar: Warwick Grove, Warwick, NY Warwick Grove is a TND design for active 55+ adults, situated on the edge of the town of Warwick, NY, in the Hudson Valley region, just 55 minutes from New York City. It offers a mix of housing types: townhouses, single family homes, condominiums, and live / work spaces. It has its own Neighborhood Center, and squares, greens, parks, sidewalks, and front porches, encouraging walking and interactions among neighbors, and community involvement. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Warwick Grove “The historic Village of Warwick is a short walk away, with a vibrant main Street (80 shops, galleries, and restaurants), historic buildings, and thriving arts community. “Return to Village Life: Have your lunch on the Village Green, sip tea at a downtown café, browse the shops, or visit the Sunday Farmers’ Market. You’ll be one of the locals in no time. ” Advertises in AARP Newsletter, and Newsweek “Generations” section. http: //www. warwick grove. com Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Exemplar CCRC: The Cedars of Chapel Hill, NC CCRC that is connected to a mixed-use, mixed-density development: “Meadowmont, Chapel Hill’s new neighborhood of the future”. The new “town plan” is clustered around an open air “Lifestyle Mall” (Meadowmont Village) at the bottom center on the map. The Cedars” is the section to the lower right on the map, and includes the usual variety of CCRC housing types: villas, apartments, assisted, and nursing care “households”. Residents are able to walk across the street to the shopping district and parks. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
The Cedars: Advertising Analysis Marketing packet (included) emphasizes memberownership, freedom and choice within an active lifestyle, the dynamic thriving region, the convenience of the town-like “Meadowmont” development, the “Cedars Club” as a social focal point, and quality architecture aligned with regional traditions. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
The Cedars Operations are handled by “Life Care Services LLC” of Des Moines, IA, one of the leaders in CCRC administration. Image from: http: //www. cedarsofchapelhill. com/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: Why should facilities for aging be “Green”? In line with major social and attitude shifts in the boomer market, sustainability will be a “must” in future marketability of environments. Developers and designers of facilities for aging will need to master this trend, in order to take full advantage of: 1. Brand Value and Market Positioning 2. Long Term Economic Value 3. Reduced Energy and Resource Consumption 4. Improved Quality of Life (natural light, ventilation, indoor air quality 5. Support of Local Economies, Traditions, Materials Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: Sustainable (Green) Design “Sustainability means “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” World Commission on Environment and Development Sustainable design is the creation of plans for built works that minimally impact or impose upon existing resources and the natural environment in which they are located. ” Mike Jerabek, Worn Jerabek Architects Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: Sustainable (Green) Design “Sustainable design is the effort to sustain, as much as possible, what is naturally occurring on a building site, to minimize the amount of energy, as well as natural and human resources that are exhausted in the process of building and in materials, and to account for the conservation of energies throughout the building's life cycle. ” Ryan Giblin http: //www. wwapc. com/sustainability. html “Green building starts off with the premise that the inhabitants’ well being, health, and comfort come first, and incorporates this idea into the design process. It then looks for ways to reduce the burden on the environment in terms of resource and land use and air and water quality. ” http: //www. greenhomenyc. org/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: Sustainable (Green) Design Sustainable Design Principles are applicable across all aspects and scales of projects: - regional planning - town and neighborhood planning - landscape planning - transportation - building orientation and design - building materials and systems - finishes and furnishings - building and staff operations - remodeling - recycling all waste - life-cycle cost / value Increasingly these considerations have significant economic as well as social, environmental, and ethical benefits. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: Innovations in Horticultural Therapy “Horticultural Therapy” uses plants, gardens, and courtyards in therapeutic programming for seniors, not just to look at or walk through. “The American Horticultural Therapy Association (AHTA) is a champion of barrier-free, therapeutic gardens that enable everyone to work, learn, and relax in the garden. Horticultural therapists are skilled at creating garden spaces that accommodate people with a wide range of abilities. People with physical or mental disabilities benefit from gardening experiences as part of HT programs, and they learn skills, adaptations, and gardening methods that allow for continued participation at home. ” Possibilities include: wide, gentle wheelchair entrances and paths. easily reachable raised beds and containers adapting tool designs to turn a disability into an ability sensory stimulation environments (plants for fragrance texture and color) accessible greenhouses for year round garden enjoyment. ” Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Trend: Innovations In Pet Therapy Pets improve the quality of life for aging persons in all environments. Specifically, evidence shows that up to 95% of skilled nursing home residents cared for pets at a younger age, and that time spent with pets in the home is therapeutic. The animals foster: Emotional well being Social contacts Companionship Happiness “Humanized” environment Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Part Eight: Resources and Organizations Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Organization: Am. Ass’n of Homes & Services for Aging “The members of the American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging (AAHSA) serve two million people every day through mission-driven, not-forprofit organizations dedicated to providing the services people need, when they need them, in the place they call home. Our members offer the continuum of aging services: adult day services, home health, community services, senior housing, assisted living residences, continuing care retirement communities, and nursing homes. AAHSA's commitment is to create the future of aging services through quality people can trust. ” Committed to the advancement of six consumer-centered ideals on aging services, initially advanced by the founders in 1961: Dignity, Services, Quality, Mission Driven, Advocacy, and Leadership http: //www. aahsa. org/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Organization: National Aging in Place Council (NAIPC) “The National Aging in Place Council is a membership organization founded on the belief that an overwhelming majority of older Americans want to remain in their homes for as long as possible, but lack awareness of home and community based services that make independent living possible. NAIPC has created a national forum for individuals from the aging, healthcare, financial services, legal, design and building sectors to work together to help meet the needs of our growing aging population, so they can continue living in the housing of their choice. “The primary mission of the National Aging In Place Council is to foster an ongoing forum between individual professionals (from the private, public and non-profit sectors) and corporations to work together to promote aging in place. Secondly, we hope to encourage senior citizens, recent retirees, and Baby Boomers to be proactive in planning for their future housing and care needs, and provide ideas and information to help them do so. ” http: //www. naipc. org/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: Dementia Design Information “This site was created to help designers, providers, and others interested in creating supportive shared residential care settings for people with dementia. It is based on an extensive review of the literature, and organizes the information into an easily searchable compendium of practical information. The site is still under construction. At this time, it only contains information about bedrooms, toilet rooms and bathing areas, with just over 300 records in it. Other spaces will be added in the future. ” http: //www. dementiadesigninfo. org Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: The Age Lab at MIT “Aging is today’s most profound socio economic force shaping the future of business strategy and public policy. View a snapshot of the work we're doing in: Driving and Personal Mobility, Wellness and Self Empowered Health, Independent Living and Caregiving, and Business Strategy and Innovation. For example: “Age. Lab researchers, in collaboration with the MIT Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and the MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning, are conducting an assessment of available services to baby boomers and older adults in suburban areas. Using geographical information systems (GIS), researchers are identifying the disconnect of where we live and the access we have to stores, doctors, recreation, and related activity centers. ” http: //web. mit. edu/agelab/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: The Mature Market Website Run by an international consortium of senior oriented marketing firms called the Senior Strategic Network, this site is a clearinghouse for news, demographics, marketing strategies, conferences, and other resources on aging consumers worldwide: http: //www. thematuremarket. com Including a section on housing-related features, drawn from news outlets worldwide: http: //www. thematuremarket. com/Senior. Strategic/seniorhousing_elderly 63. html Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: Current Awareness in Aging Research CAAR (Current Awareness in Aging Research) is a weekly email report produced by the Center for Demography of Health and Aging at the University of Wisconsin at Madison (Department of Sociology) that helps researchers keep up to date with the latest developments in the field. For more information, including an archive of back issues and how to subscribe, go to: http: //www. ssc. wisc. edu/cdha/caar. html Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: Technology for Long Term Care “Technology for Long Term Care is a free government funded resource containing information on hundreds of technology products to improve quality of life and care for people in long-term care settings such as nursing homes, assisted living, boarding care, and adult day care programs. Technology for Long Term Care focuses on products related to important care issues including assistance / nurse call, falls, wandering, incontinence, bathing, medication management, and resident lifts and transfers. As funding and resources permit, Technology for Long Term Care will add more categories or "Care Issues", expand existing categories by including more products, and provide supplemental resources. Examples of future care issue categories may include mobility, assistive cognition, eating, dressing, and leisure to name a few. ” http: //www. techforltc. org/ltc. cfm Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Organization: The American Society on Aging “The ASA is the largest organization of professionals in the field of aging. Our resources, publications, and educational opportunities are geared to enhance the knowledge and skills of people working with older adults and their families. ” http: //asaging. org Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: The Gerontological Society of America “The Gerontological Society of America is a non profit professional organization with more than 5000 members in the field of aging. GSA provides researchers, educators, practitioners, and policy makers with opportunities to understand, advance, integrate, and use basic and applied research on aging to improve the quality of life as one ages. ” http: //www. geron. org Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Organization: Am. Acad. of Healthcare Int. Designers “The vision of the American Academy of Healthcare Interior Designers (AAHID) is to be recognized by the healthcare industry as the certification board of choice in assessing and qualifying the knowledge, skills and abilities of healthcare interior designers. Board Certified Healthcare Interior Design certificants are distinguished and qualified by education, examination, work experience to practice healthcare interior design, distinguished from other architects, designers, decorators, and interior designers. ” http: //aahid. org/en us/default. aspx Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: Environment and Gerontology Network “As the oldest and largest school of gerontology in the world, the Davis School (at the University of Southern California) has a long tradition of forging new pathways in the field of aging. A multidisciplinary institution from its inception in 1975, the Davis School was built on the bedrock of excellence in aging research. Research in molecular biology, neuroscience, demography, psychology, sociology and public policy is conducted under the auspices of the Andrus Gerontology Center, founded in 1964. ” http: //www. usc. edu/dept/gero Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Organization: Envir. Design Research Association “The Environmental Design Research Association (EDRA) is an international, interdisciplinary organization founded in 1968 by design professionals, social scientists, students, educators, and facility managers. The purpose of EDRA is the advancement and dissemination of environmental design research, thereby improving understanding of the interrelationships between people, their built and natural surroundings, and helping to create environments responsive to human needs. ” http: //www. edra. org Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: The Academy of Architecture for Health “The Academy of Architecture for Health (AAH) improves the quality of healthcare through design by developing, documenting, and disseminating knowledge; educating healthcare architects and other related constituencies; advancing the practice of healthcare architecture; improving the design of healthcare environments; affiliating and advocating with others that share our vision and promoting research. ” http: //www/aoa/prg/aah _default Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: Center for Universal Design “The Center for Universal Design (CUD, at the North Carolina Institute on Aging) is a national information, technical assistance, and research center that evaluates, develops, and promotes accessible and universal design in housing, commercial and public facilities, outdoor environments, and products. Our mission is to improve environments and products through design innovation, research, education and design assistance. ” http: //www. design. ncsu. edu/cud/ Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Resource: Institute on Aging & Environment “The Institute (located at the School of Architecture and Urban Planning at University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee) was funded by the Helen Daniels Bader Charitable Trust in 1990 to promote research, scholarship, and service concerning environments for older persons, particularly those suffering from cognitive impairments. The mission of the Institute on Aging & Environment is the enhancement of the quality of life of older persons in our society through improvement of, and innovation in housing, institutional, and service settings. This mission is to be advanced through facilitation and conduct of aging environment research, university and community education focused on issues of aging and environment, and innovative environmental planning, programming, and design practice. Special initiatives including the organization of conferences, workshops and publications also support the mission of the Institute. http: //www. uwm. edu/Dept/IAE Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Organization: National Association of Homebuilders “NAHB is a trade association that helps promote policies that make housing a national priority. Its mission is to “represent the building industry by serving its members and affiliated state and local builders associations. NAHB concentrates on the following goals: balanced national legislative, regulatory, and judicial public policy; public appreciation for the importance of housing and those who provide it; the premier resource for industry information, education, research, and technical expertise; improved business performance of its members and affiliates; effective management of staff, financial, and physical resources to satisfy the association’s needs. http: //www. nahb. org/page. aspx/landing/section. ID=5 Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Part Nine: Interviews Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Interview Goals To augment the national trends and literature research To test the appeal of both familiar and innovative environmental concepts To expose “values” and “life events” across a demographic and regional cross section To explore the origins of environmental preference, in both “values” and “experience” Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Interviews: Underlying Personal Values Revealed 2. Involvement 1. People Healthy Relationships Friends Family Comfort Community Involvement Contribution Traveling Support Entertainment Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning World Involvement
Interviews: Underlying Personal Values Revealed 4. Goals or Achievements 3. Self Healthy Lifestyle Organization Independence Solitude Peacefulness Looking for Solutions Balance Success Security Financial Comfort Making a Difference Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Interviews: Important Community Features Revealed 3. Physical Attributes 1. Convenience Attractive Manageable Comfortable Safe Availability of Jobs Access to Transportation Continuing Education Quality Health Care Affordable Housing 4. Social Involvement Navigable Communities 2. Activities Culture and Entertainment Shared Activities Outdoor Recreation New Experiences Employment Shopping Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning Sense of Community Variety of Age Groups Various Economic Integration People Their Own Age
Interviews: Important Residential Features Revealed 1. Overall Ambiance 3. Design Specifics Walk in Shower Private Bath Fireplace Work / Office Space Good Storage Attractive Warm Comfortable 2. Layout Independent Home Windows / Light / Views Plants (Interior and / or Exterior) Single Floor Plan Open Feeling Yard Pets Allowed Large Kitchen Large Living Area Low Maintenance Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Interview Quotes: Goals and Aspirations On personal goals or ambitions for the next few years: “I’m interested in having a nice balance of fun relaxing stuff, and meaningful contribution… a nice combination of work and play” “Oh yes. There is a couple that we are pretty close to and we would want them to be near us or us to be near them or to be coordinating our lives in some way. We’ve talked about things like going together to one of the national parks and hiking and spending time together. ” “Well I think I should get more exercise. ” On how their aging experience or care should differ from their parents: “I thoroughly believe in the extended family. If you stick an older person in a nursing home, nobody needs them anymore, and they know that. The thing that keeps people going is the thought that you’re needed. And, I mean, I don’t want to be a burden on somebody physically, where they’ll have to try to carry me or try to administer care to me that they are not capable to give. Just because you’re old and sick and can’t move around doesn’t mean that you still don’t have things to offer. ” “I want to have a larger scope to my life, a small town life had its benefits for my parents because of these friends and this familiarity, but it was also very insular, I would say. They didn’t see much of the world or see much of anything, and so I guess all of my life I’ve thought I needed a bigger canvas. ” Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Interview Quotes: Community Features On the definition of community: “Community to me is also about having people to call up and, you know, visit and cry on a shoulder, get a bit of advice; and so basically, to me, community is about a comfortable, manageable place where it can extend into my family and friendships. ” “A definition of community: well, I don’t know if that depends so much on where you live, as it does with how much you’re willing to be active. ” “I want it to be in a community that has children. You know, I don’t want to move to Sun City, Arizona, I don’t want to retire in a retirement community. Maybe when I’m independently wealthy I could have a place in the winter in Florida and my grandchildren could come down and stay with me for spring break, but I’ll always, I have to have four seasons. ” Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Interview Quotes: Community Features On a “senior citizen” community: “I could do a townhouse community. I don’t have to have a freestanding home. I think Gary would still like that. I wouldn’t want to live in a condo, but I could do (do they have a name for those villas? ) those kinds of places that have a lot of opportunity. I still think that I would like, though, not to live in a senior citizens community, because I think it’s important to have a mix of ages of people. ” “Eventually there will come a point where he and I will no longer be able to maintain this house. This is not an easy place to cut grass… But there will probably come a day where we’ll have to move back closer and go into a community type of setting. You know, and when that day comes we will both be ready to do it. He’ll have fellows that he can talk fishing with, and maybe go fishing, and I’ll have girls that will maybe like to play bridge or do the things that I like to do. ” “Can my grandchildren come and stay with me for a week there? I hate those places with big signs: No Children Allowed. ” Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Interview Quotes: Community Features On a small town or established neighborhood setting: “That’s more our speed. And this is only when we get to the point where we can no longer maintain (this home). ” “Now I think that would be really nice. ” “I think that (a walkable neighborhood) would be wonderful, mainly for the exercise, that it would make it simple to get your exercise: To say, I’m going to the store to pick up four items that I can carry back. ” “Well I like the fact that we are close to stores, pharmacies, libraries…and not far from the mall. ” “(I want to age in) my own house. (I would not want to move) unless we get to the point where we can’t do the stairs, and then I don’t know. I think we’d like to stay in an urban neighborhood. ” Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Interview Quotes: Community Features On a university affiliated retirement community: “Oh God, I’d love it, oh I’d love it. Now that would be my first choice. Or indeed even better: What do you call that crowd where seniors travel all over the world and they do things together – Elder Hostel. But they’re turning out to be very expensive. See, I’m not interested in paying a load of money at this stage for a house, and that’s my concern for a lot of those. ” “(The university-affilated and all the rest) sound pretty great, but I would really just still like to be kind of by myself. I like people; I just don’t want to live with them. As far as medical things they’re available most anywhere you go, cultural things, they’re pretty much available anywhere you go. If I was forced into some kind of other living arrangement, I would rather live somewhere there was grass and green, as opposed to like Penn State. I would be more interested in a rural type. ” On cohousing: “If we could ever afford to do that here that would be way better, but that’s not gonna happen with older people. ” Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Interview Quotes: Residence Features On moving through the stages of retirement, and changing residence needs: “I think probably the next place would probably be, probably the kids will put me in a condominium. You know, one story, before I go into assisted living, just kind of keep scaling down. I think they’ll help me decide when it is time that I need to go to the next place, because I’ll become more dependent on others where I am and I don’t want to do that either, so I’ll know when the time comes. ” On important features in a residence: “Well I don’t need a golf course; I don’t need a tennis court. I would like to be able to have a cat, you know, a companion. I have to have room for my piano. ” “The only reason I would want to move would be for something more convenient for me: if I had a bathroom on this floor. I would like a ground floor or a building with an elevator with a single floor plan. A wooden floor: I love a clean floor. And just room for a few things, see we grew up with so little, and then in the convent you have so little, and so, you know, I was 30 before I saw other options: So “things” are not that big of a deal to me. I have no need for stuff, but I do love a fire. Oh, and by the way, I always love loads of light and fresh air. I always want to see out. ” Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Part Ten: Some Conclusions: Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Book: Prime Time How Baby Boomers will Revolutionize Retirement and Transform America Marc Freedman, New York: Public Affairs, 1999 Social Entrepreneurship: seeing and filling the gaps between the changing nature of the aging population (their abilities, values, desires, situations), and the institutions that exist to enable them to continue contributing to society. Those institutions need to adapt, and new ones need to be invented. We need to re-envision the meaning of “The Third Age” (a British term) in Society. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Key Insight: Del Webb’s Invention of “Sun City” Freedman tells the story of the Del Webb Company’s compete transforming vision of retirement in America. It was very well timed, and very successful. Their goal was to create a new vision more affirming of older people than the mere “neglect” which had been the norm from the dawn of the Industrial Revolution until the 1950 s. The 19 th century had marginalized the old: age was seen as a tragic disease. Yet by the mid 20 th century, improved health and economic independence from family (via social security) had set the stage for a new vision. At “Sun City” they created a new kind of environment that invented and defined that vision, offering a new lifestyle of “activity, economy, and individuality” to replace the mere neglect. Ten times the expected crowds (100, 000 people) came to Sun City, Arizona’s opening day in 1960: Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Sun City as a Vision for Later Life The lesson here: corporate interests and leisure / social entrepreneurs created a new model to match powerfully converging social forces. Their vision of “an active new way of life” for retirees was a complete package: “activity, friendliness, and independence”, and also segregation: older folks were no longer subject to being pushed aside by society. Sun City succeeded because it arrived just ahead of trends in society, and gave reality to a needed new vision of retirement. Sun City combined affordability with luxury: golf was a symbol of an aristocratic lifestyle, and also made the cheap tract houses look better. Leisure activities (like golf) feed “the busy ethic” for work ethic conditioned people without any real role in life anymore (in those days). This view of retirement as “active leisure” is a recent invention. We are ready for the next one, building off of (or in front of) the emerging boomer trends. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Opportunity: A “Center for the Third Age” Freedman’s vision of a novel, entrepreneurial social institution / facility: Comparable to the “Café Plus or NORC / AIP Infill projects. Envisioning the fabric that would hold together neighborhoods, through the continuum of life stages: Full Service Experience Corps: Volunteer Opportunities Institute for Learning: compare to Elderhostel Center for Un retirement: Mentor folks in second careers Mid lifer Retreats: preparing folks for the transitions Social Entrepreneurship Training Corporate Transition Sabbaticals: service to civic entities Health and Wellness: physical, mental, levels of care Art and Craft Galleries: both fulfillment and commerce Coffee Pot / Café: the “third place” for social gathering Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Incentives for Towns and Cities to Invest Freedman: investing in the physical and social infrastructure for Aging in Place, will allow communities to keep their retirees, retaining and enabling access to a vast store of - Social capital and entrepreneurial creativity - Economic value, activity, and growth Like John Stewart argued, we need to make the economic case, in the large and long term contexts it will help our cities and economies. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Some Mega-Trends and Issues John Stewart, Baltimore Conference Wrap Up: 1. Demand in China will be huge. They built its first nursing home in 1996. They can learn a lot from us, although on the other hand we can learn a lot from the Scandinavians. 2. Current federal policies foster a “segmented” approach to different levels of care: this creates problems for aging in place and for innovative types of communities. 3. Zoning regulations still block good neighborhood solutions to single use sprawl and car dependent isolation. We need to lobby city councils with aging in place interests. 4. Innovative local solutions and partnerships are what’s needed for the “Continuum of Living” rather than “Aging” per se. Places where people will want to be, can retain choice and control, and can stay with home and community. Solving that will achieve this will enable quality of life for all. Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Key Hunches: What do we Aging Boomers Crave? 1. Authentic Community: supportive friends, shared activities, a way of life that puts us in everyday contact with like minded (or diverse) others in pleasant, relaxed circumstances 2. Continuous Carefree Quality Medical Care: free of hassles and financial fears, without the need to abandon friends (or family) to get next levels of care 3. Convenience Variety Choice: proximity without car dependence, via feet or public transport, to educational, religious, cultural, and everyday commercial needs 4. Safety Security Serenity Vistas: peacefulness, simplicity, beauty, no maintenance, access to views and experiences of nature, changing light and seasons Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Key Insight: Shifting Archetypes Models for Environments (or “Experiences” for Aging are changing: 1. We see the shift from the “Healthcare” model to the “Home” model, emphasizing a familiar domestic environment and iconic symbols and favored styles of dwelling. Symbol: the fireplace or the kitchen. 2. Then, also, from the “Home” model to “Hospitality” model, anticipating the boomers and their desire for services / experiences, and emphasizing guest hospitality. Symbol: the concierge or the spa. 3. Then, also, from the surbuban to the “Town / Village” model, emphasizing a variety of activities, more participation, closer proximity, integration with larger community. Symbol: the square or the agora (market and meeting place, a civic realm). Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
Shifting Archetypes Plus, bigger trends are at work offering other opportunities: 5. Rise of NORC’s and Aging in Place: emphasizing innovative family, neighborhood, cooperative, and civic arrangements, and a need for collaboration, with changing physical as well as social infrastructure requirements 6. Rise of “sustainable design”, LOHAS and Ecological Consciousness: offering opportunities to refresh design on all levels, and to engage people more deeply on how design affects their lives and the world Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
The Overall Opportunity How will new facilities, their developers, and their designers, compete in the booming, boomerdriven market, to create Active Adult Communities, CCRC’s, CARC’s, NORC’s, and Aging in Place neighborhoods, in light of all these shifts? Center For Design Research & Innovation College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning
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