House of Parliament — 靳玲 526 温佳妮 527

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House of Parliament -- 靳玲 526 温佳妮 527

Election of House of Commons Election of House of Lords

House of Commons ¬ In 1275, Edward I called a meeting of Parliament. ¬ Five Different Groups: 1) the prelates (bishops and abbots); 2) the magnates (earls and barons); 3) the inferior clergy; 4) the knights from the shires; 5) the citizens from the towns.

In the politics of the United Kingdom, the house of Commons is the dominant component of the bicameral Parliament.

How are the Members of Parliament in the House of Commons elected? ¬ The House of Commons consists 659 Members of Parliaments(MPs) since 1997, each elected by citizens of an electoral constituency to represent that constituency in the house. ¬ Generally, the General Election(大选) is held every five years. But in fact, it is held within five years.

Electoral System ¬ Many countries use a system of proportional representation to determine the number of seats given to different parties in their national assemblies. ¬ Elections to the UK Parliament in Britain are based on a system of electing one member for each constituency.

Only one representative is elected from among the candidates for each constituency: the candidate who receives the greatest number of votes. A candidate who comes second, even by difference of one vote(after recounting and checking) is not elected. The successful candidate does, however, promise to represent in Parliament the interests of all the constituents, and becomes one of the Members of Parliament, even if they vote for other parties.

¬ The Basic Mode of Elections: List the candidates that represent every constituency on the votes. Each voter can choose only one candidate that he/she supports. The party winning a majority in the House forms a Government, with its leader becoming Prime Minister.

General Election, 9 th April 1992 PARTY %OF VOTES CAST MEMBER ELECTED Conservative 41. 9 34. 4 17. 8 5. 9 100. 0 336 271 20 24 651 Labor Liberal Dem Others Total

General Election Result, 1997 PARTY %OF VOTES CAST MEMBER ELECTED Labour 43. 2 30. 7 16. 8 9. 3 100. 0 418 165 46 30 659 Conservative Liberal Dem Others Total

General Election Result, 2001 PARTY %OF VOTES CAST MEMBER ELECTED Labour 40. 7 31. 7 18. 3 100. 0 413 166 52 28 659 Conservative Liberal Dem Others Total

Composition of House of Lords Spiritual (senior bishops) Law Lords (senior judges) Lords Temporal (lay peers) Life Peers Hereditary Peers

The House of Lords Act 1999 and Hereditary Peers Elections

92 hereditary peers remained 2 holders of special offices 15 peers elected by the whole House 75 peers have been elected by their party groups

the National People's Congress NPC the local people's congresses at different levels.

Vote in China All citizens of the People's Republic of China who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status or length of residence.

The election of deputies Deputies to the NPC are elected by the people’s congresses of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and by the armed forces. Deputies to the people’s congresses of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts are elected by the people’s congresses at the next lower level.

The election of deputies Deputies to the people's congresses at county and township levels are elected directly by their constituents.

References: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/British_House_ of_Commons#Elections http: //rddbyj. nease. net/wgyy 023. htm CECL book 3 Encata 2004 Thank you!

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