Hose 3 15 2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply LLC 1

Hose 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 1

Hose Basics Construction n Compounds n Applications n 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 2

Cover 3/15/2018 Reinforcement Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC Tube 3

Cover Wire Helix 3/15/2018 Cushion Stock Reinforcement Tube Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 4

Composition n Tube - Innermost element of the hose u rubber or plastic u compounded for resistance to material being conveyed u thickness depends upon application u can be applied as multiple layers (veneer) Reinforcement u textile, plastic or metal u provides burst pressure & kink resistance Cover - Outermost element of the hose u rubber, plastic, or textile u prime function is to protect reinforcement from external environment u can be compounded to be resistant to oils, acids, abrasion, flexing, sunlight and ozone 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 5

The Making of a Recipe n n n 3/15/2018 Accelerators/Antioxidants Fillers Polymers Oil Desiccant Cure Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 6

Fillers – Rubber Hose only n Carbon Black 762, 650 n Non –black fillers u Clay u Whiting u Silica 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 7

Compounds SBR Not oil resistant can be used for abrasion. Nitrile Good oil resistance Neoprene Excellent weathering, flame resistance, good oil resistance. XLPE Good general purpose polymer, good heat resistance, not oil resistant. Limited oil resistance. Temp factor Polyvinylchloride TPR Oil resistant. Temp factor PVC + Nitrile TPE Moderate oil resistance. Temp factor PVC + Urethane PU Oil resistant, excellent abrasion resistance, temp factor Polyurethane Excellent resistance to most solvents, oils, chemicals. EPDM PVC Pure Gum 3/15/2018 Good abrasion resistance, not oil resistant. Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 8

CR (Polychloroprene) aka Neoprene n n n n 3/15/2018 Features Good abrasion resistance Good weatherability Moderate oil resistance, RMA Class B Flame retardant (used where MSHA is required) Applications Hose covers in general Petroleum hose cover Some welding hose applications Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 9

NBR (Acrylonitrile Butadiene) n n n n Features Good oil resistance, RMA Class A Good gasoline resistance Not ozone resistant Applications Fuel Line Hose Tube (tube) Farm Tank Hose (tube) Oil Resistant Air Hose (tube) Petroleum Tank Truck Hose (tube) 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 10

NBR/PVC (Nitrile PVC Polyblend) n n n n n Features Good oil resistance, RMA Class A or B Good ozone resistance (weatherability) Holds color well Flame retardant Moderate fuel resistance Applications MSHA Covers Yellow Air Hose Wire-reinforced air hoses 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 11

SBR (Styrene Butadiene) n Features Good abrasion resistance Not oil or gasoline resistant n Applications n n Water hoses (tube) Material Handling hoses (tube) Blended with other compounds (i. e. EPDM) when used as a cover. 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 12

EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene) n n n Features Good heat resistance Excellent ozone resistance Good abrasion resistance Not oil resistant Not gasoline resistant Excellent chemical resistance Applications General Purpose Hose Tube and Cover Heater Hose Tube and Cover Garden Hose Tube and Cover Grade R Welding Hose Tube and Cover Chemical Hose Cover 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 13

Oils n Paraffinic n Aromatic n Some Chlorinated n Phthalates 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 14

Oil Swell Categories: RMA Designations n Class A u n Class B u n Volume Change = 25%, Tensile change = 20% Volume Change = 65%, Tensile change = 50% Class C u 3/15/2018 Volume Chg. = 100%, Tensile change = 60% Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 15

Curatives Sulfur n Peroxide n 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 16

Important Compound Properties n n n Tensile - force required to break a specimen Elongation - % extension at break Modulus - force required to produce a given extension Hardness - shore a, needle penetration Compression Set - % of permanent deformation after removal of compressive force 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 17

Yarn Terminology & Importance Denier The mass in grams of 9000 meters (9843 yards) of fiber. Denier is a direct numbering system in which the smaller numbers represent the finer yarn sizes. For instance, 1000/1 yarn is smaller than 3000/1 yarn. Tensile The force in pounds required to break a strand of yarn when pulled on a tensile tester at a constant rate (usually 12 inches per minute). For a given type of yarn (e. g. polyester, Twaron, nylon, etc. ), denier and tensile are directly related. Yarn with a higher tensile is used to attain a higher burst pressure in hoses of the same size. Elongation The percentage that a strand of yarn stretches before breaking. Yarn with a higher elongation will stretch more before it breaks. This allows the internal hose pressure to push the yarn farther away from the center of the hose which can lower the burst pressure. 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 18

Yarn Terminology & Importance Cont. Shrink The percentage that a strand of yarn shrinks in 2 minutes in 350°F air while under a 9 gram (0. 314 ounces) load. The small weight is used to keep the yarn straight during the test. As the yarn shrinks, it moves a needle on a dial. Yarn shrinkage is important for good hose consistency so we don’t have a problem with uneven “shrinkers”. Twist The number of times that 1. ) multiple fibers are twisted together to form one strand or 2. ) multiple strands are twisted together to form a single strand of yarn. Yarn with a lower twist will flatten out more on the hose which makes the windows smaller. Higher twist keeps individual strands tighter and smaller on the hose but also makes the yarn more wiry with a higher tendency to kink when coming off the cone. Moisture Regain The percentage of water weight yarn will absorb when compared to its original dry weight. Too much moisture can cause blisters in the hose. Kevlar and Twaron are high regain yarns and need to be baked before use. 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 19

Hose Design Considerations n n n n 3/15/2018 ID, OD, Wall Burst Working Pressure Yarn Angle Temperature Performance Compatibility Electrical Properties Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 20

Specification Burst, Working Pressure & Length Change n n The type yarn and angle at which it’s applied specifies the maximum pressure the hose is able to withstand before it fails A hose is pressurized at the ramp rate of 1000 PSIG per minute until a failure is observed (16. 6 PSIG per second) Burst pressure is either 3 to 1, 3. 5 to 1, 4 to 1, 5 to 1 or 10 to 1 the working pressure depending upon customer requirement Length change or elongation / contraction test is measured by drawing two lines at a set distance from one another on the hose, pressurizing to working pressure then measuring the distance of the two lines again - if required by the spec 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 21

Design with Respect to Yarn Burst requirements Must meet either associated outside specification (i. e. SAE, customer specific) or our internal spec. Must consider either two (2) or four (4) spiral hose or one (1) or two (2) braid. This could determine what yarn to use. Two (2) spiral or a one (1) braid hose would require heavier denier yarn to achieve same burst as same size four (4) spiral or two (2) braid hose. Denier Must use yarn heavy enough to meet burst but not so heavy as to create a photographic cover. Must consider denier same time as number of ends. Use heavier yarn on 1 st and 2 nd spirals of four (4) spiral hoses to keep cover as smooth as possible. Number of Ends Must apply enough yarn to meet burst and still leave strike through for rubber to rubber adhesion. Can sometimes use more ends of smaller denier yarn, get good adhesion and still meet required burst. Cost Must always keep in mind. Must use all above considerations together to achieve the best hose (best performance and appearance at lowest cost) possible. 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 22

Pitch & Yarn Angle n n n n 3/15/2018 A hose is designed to meet customer burst requirements, 3, 3. 5, 4, 5 or 10 times working pressure. Optimum yarn angle air/water hose = 54. 7 degrees Optimum yarn angle Push-on hose = 58. 7 degrees Angle of yarn in hose under pressure will always shift to 54. 7 degrees Hose built with high yarn angle will elongate in length and ID will grow smaller under pressure Hose built with low yarn angle will shrink in length and ID will grow larger under pressure Two things determine yarn angle 1) Tube OD, 2) Pitch Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 23

Yarn Angle 54. 7º Sheet 2 Spiral Hose Data Angle Pitch Yarn Angle Cover Tube Reinforcement 3/15/2018 Longitude Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 24

Hose Bend Radius Chart Hose ID (in. ) Fractional Min. Bend Radius (in. ) 3/16" 0. 188 1. 25 1/4" 0. 250 1. 67 5/16" 0. 313 2. 08 11/32" 0. 344 2. 29 3/8" 0. 375 2. 50 7/16" 0. 438 2. 92 15/32" 0. 469 3. 12 1/2" 0. 500 3. 33 19/32" 0. 594 3. 96 5/8" 0. 625 4. 16 23/32" 0. 594 3. 96 3/4" 0. 750 5. 00 7/8" 0. 875 5. 83 1" 1. 000 6. 66 1 1/4" 1. 250 8. 33 1 1/2" 1. 500 9. 99 2" 3/15/2018 Decimal 2. 000 13. 32 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 25

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Where The Hose Comes From n Country Hose Series u 4502, 4703 Cpld, 4705 u Italy 4510, 4520, 4654, 4690 CL u Brazil 4103, 4104, 4105, 4123, 4126, 4142, 4511, 8312 u 3/15/2018 China Turkey 4182, 4305, 4310, 4312, 4313, 4314, 4323, 4324, 4352, 4354, 4360, 4380, 4415, 4420, 4422, 4425, 4430, 4433, 4450, 4465, 4470, 4555, 4600, 4601, 4610, 4615, 4805, 4810, 4815, 4818 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 28

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Competition Kuriyama Sun. Flow Access Campbell Gates P-T Coupling Eurorubber Eaton/Durodyne Eurotech 3/15/2018 Seal Fast Pacific Echo Petzetakis Dixon Parker/IHP Eaton/Boston Snap-Tite UPD APG Texcel Goodyear HBD/Thermoid Titan Max NRP Jones Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 33

“Markets” Agriculture Ship Building Refineries Transportation Cement Plants Waste Recovery Quarries Construction Mining Meat Packing Food Processing Sandblasting Steel Plants Defrosting Forestry Rental Yards Oilfield Dairies Papermills Irrigation Flood Control Hose Couplings Accessories 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 34

Products n n n n n 3/15/2018 Rubber PVC Polyurethane Aluminum Brass Steel Stainless Steel Polypropylene Nylon Glass Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 35

How To Select A Hose n In most cases the acronym STAMPED can be the key to getting the required information: u u u u 3/15/2018 Size – Determine the inside and outside diameters and the length of the hose. Temperature – The maximum temperature of the material being conveyed. Application – What is its intended use? What are the external conditions? Material – The composition of the substance being conveyed and its compatibility with the hose. Pressure – The maximum pressure of the system, including pressure spikes. Ends – The appropriate end connections and attachment method. Delivery – Testing, quality, packaging and delivery requirements. Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 36

“The assembly (hose and couplings) working pressure is equal to the weakest component of the assembly. ” 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 37

Glossary of Hose Terms n I. D. O. D. Ply, spirals or braids MBR/Min Bend Radius (in. ) n Max. Recom. WP (psi) n Min. Burst (psi) n n n 3/15/2018 Inside Diameter of hose tube opening. Outside Diameter of the hose. Layers of reinforcement Minimum radius to which hose can be bent before sustaining damage or reducing life. Maximum Recommended Working Pressure expressed in ponds per square inch. Minimum Burst Pressure expressed in pounds per square inch, which is the lowest pressure at which the hose is designed to burst under prescribed conditions. Not to be used as working pressure. Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 38

Hose Regulatory Agencies n n n n RMA Rubber Manufacturers Association ISO International Standards Organization ASTM American Society for Testing Materials Additional European and Asian Certificates for Quality Standards FDA Food and Drug Administration 3 A Sanitary Standard C 27487 Mil Spec Standard for Cam Locks DOD Dept. of Defense DOT Dept. of Transportation MSHA Mine Safety and Health Admin. NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Admin. OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Admin. PHA Public Health Admin. USCG U. S. Coast Guard USDA U. S. Dept. of Agriculture 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 39

Hose Regulatory Agencies n n n n CGA/CSA CGSB RAC ABS ANSI API ASTM BIA BSI CGA DIN DNV EN FM FPS 3/15/2018 Canadian Gas Assoc. /Canadian Standards Assoc. Canadian Government Specifications Board Rubber Association of Canada American Bureau of Shipping American National Standards Institute American Petroleum Institute American Society for Testing and Materials Boating Industry Association British Standards Institute Compressed Gas Association Deutches Institut for Normung – German Standards Det Norske Veritas European Norms Factory Mutual Research Fluid Power Society Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 40

Hose Regulatory Agencies n n n n JIS NAHAD NFPA SAE TFI UL 3/15/2018 Japanese Industrial Standards National Association of Hose and Accessory Distributors National Fire Protection Agency National Fluid Power Association Society of Automotive Engineers The Fertilizer Institute Underwriters Laboratories Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 41

SHANK Connect hose to hose, and/or opposite male or female coupling on stationary item. 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 42

Sample Market Contractors, Municipalities, Utilities, Rental Houses Compressors, Jackhammers, Air Tools Air Hose Rubber; Wire/Textile 1/4” thru 4” PVC, TPR 1/4” thru 1” Universals HE, ME, FE, TWC, BEC 1/4” thru 2” Ground Joints and Collared Nipples GJ, MS 3/4” thru 4” Ball Valves 1/4” thru 4” Clamps, Menders, Bend Restrictors 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 43

Sample Market Contractors, Municipalities, Utilities, Rental Houses Water Pumps Suction Hose Discharge Hose Cam Locks Pin Lug Shank Rubber 1 -1/2” thru 12” PVC 1” thru 6” Rubber 2/4 ply 1 -1/2” thru 12” PVC Bl, Rd, Yl 1 -1/2” thru 8” Al, Br, SS, PP, NG 3/4” thru 8” AB, M, BR 1 -1/2” thru 6” Clamps, Wrenches, Strainers, Foot Valves, Nipples, Menders 3/15/2018 Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 44

Sample Market Contractors, Rental Houses, Shipyards, Automotive Sandblast Pots, Blast Media Recovery Sandblast Hose 2/4 ply/LW Sandblast Couplings Q, NH, SB Al, Br, NG 1/2” thru 2” 3/4” thru 1 -1/2” Air Hose Rbr, PVC, TPR Air Hose Couplings HE, FE, ME, GJ, MS, Clamps Ball Valves PU Lined Suction 3/15/2018 1 -1/2” thru 12” Spiral Clamps Fidelity Industrial Supply, LLC 45