Hites Foran Carpenter Hamilton Knuth Schwager FDA Health

Hites Foran Carpenter Hamilton Knuth Schwager FDA Health Canada World Health Organization

Willett Harvard School of Public Health Gallo Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Blackburn Harvard Medical School Rimm Harvard School of Public Health Hahn Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Santerre Purdue University Guzelian University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Lichtenstein Friedman School of Nutrition, Tufts University Tucker Epidemiology and Dietary Assessment Program, Tufts University Carpenter O'Sullivan University of Massachusetts Medical School

Farmed vs. Wild

Farmed Cost (meal for 4 people - 1. 5 lbs. ) Availability Wild $7. 50 $22. 50 12 mos 4 mos

$20 million $3 million

July 2003 • • Environmental Working Group PCB = 27 ppb 10 fish/questionable science Heavy PR (5 X wild, 40 x beef, etc)

PCBs 2, 000 ppb (FDA) 27 ppb

EWG on Food Policy FDA--wrong idea/numbers EPA--right idea/numbers

“of course, the omega-3 benefits are not found in farmed salmon. ” Dr. Frank Hue

“of course, the omega-3 benefits are not found in farmed salmon. ” “I can say categorically that these quotes are not mine. . . My understanding of omega-3 fatty acids in farm-raised salmon is also from the USDA nutrient database. Thus, I have no reason to believe that omega-3 fatty acids are lower in farm-raised salmon based on the USDA data. ” Dr. Frank Hue

Adapted from Seattle Post-Intelligencer January 15, 2004

1. PCBs at any level do not belong in food. 2. We are not satisfied, even with the current low levels in farmed salmon. 3. We are working and succeeding at lowering them. But in the meantime remember two things….

• 23, 000 in 100, 000 --lifetime risk of cancer. • 1, 2 or 3 additional cases in 100, 000 (23, 001 in 100, 000) • 0. 001 percent (1/1000 of a percent) increase

• 23, 000 in 100, 000 --lifetime risk of cancer. • 1 additional case in 100, 000 (23, 001 in 100, 000) • 0. 001 percent • 30% reduction in CHD

January 2004 • Hites, et. al. • 700 Fish • PCBs = 27 ppb

Lots of enemies and few lots of friends.

Willett Harvard School of Public Health Gallo Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Blackburn Harvard Medical School Rimm Harvard School of Public Health Hahn Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Santerre Purdue University Guzelian University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Lichtenstein Friedman School of Nutrition, Tufts University Tucker Epidemiology and Dietary Assessment Program, Tufts University Carpenter O'Sullivan University of Massachusetts Medical School

“We have an epidemic of bad eating habits and bad food selections and that’s the forest that’s causing us so much heart disease, so much cancer, so much obesity, so much diabetes, ” said Dr. George Blackburn, director of the Center for the Study of Nutrition and Medicine at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. “This study on salmon is not even a branch on a tree in the forest relative to this force of healthy food that is so important to our longevity, to the quality of our life, and to preventing us from having chronic disease. ” The Boston Globe, January 20, 2004

Editorial Opinions About the “Study” and Farmed Salmon • The Wall Street Journal, February 11, 2004 • The Boston Globe, January 20, 2004 • Health Sciences Institute e-Alert, January 20, 2004 • The National Post, January 15, 2004 • NPR’s Morning Edition, January 22, 2004 • The Philadelphia Inquirer, January 19, 2004 • The New York Times, January 17, 2004 • FOXNews, January 16, 2004 • The Orlando Sentinel, January 10, 2004 • The Globe and Mail, January 10, 2004

PBDEs

Farmed vs. Wild

• “It’s a little bit hypocritical when we eat so much junk food and are so overweight that we would start worrying about fish from good providers such as established fish markets. ” • Dr. George Blackburn, Harvard Medical School • The Journal of the American Medical Association, February 25, 2004

• Environment

• Less omega-3 • More saturated fat

• Color • Antibiotics

Color • Big issue with consumers • Non-issue with regard to health

Color • • Not dyed………. . fed Same as wild salmon Animal nutrition requirement Human nutrition product

Antibiotics • Only used for disease treatment • Under direct supervision of veterinarian • Strict withdrawal times (FDA, EU, Japan) • Less than 3% of feed medicated

Battleground has shifted……

PCBs

Lots of enemies and few friends.

Our mission has been altered.

• Education (media/influencers) • Trade Assistance • Feed Issues • Certification

Farmed Salmon

• Route into humans? • Route into foods? • In what foods? • Effects/Levels?

• Get Ready • Don’t just pay your dues • Do the Right Thing--vs. Doing Things Right

And then………

Learned Consumption Patterns

No Silver Bullet