History of Public Works from the First Decades of the 20 th Century to the Present Day Dorottya Szikra, Ph. D Associate Professor and Researcher ELTE University Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Outline • Why is the issue of PW important? • Historical trajectory • Can PW be a solution to unemployment?
Why is the issue of PW important? CRISIS AND THE WELFARE STATE • ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES • UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE • SOCIAL ASSISTANCE • PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT • PUBLIC WORKS
Historical trajectory
Historical trajectory • 1913: „Publicly dangerous work-avoidance” (KMK) punishment for the non-working able bodied – inprisonment & work-houses • 1920 s: No unemployment insurance • Destitute programs: Moral education of the „lazy”
Historical trajectory - 1932. National Work Plan of Gyula Gömbös - 45. § Work instead of assistance: „We oppose the principle of social assistance for the able bodied and thus assist the unemployed only in return for work. ” http: //filmhiradokonline. hu/watch. php? id=432 Szükségmunka a Fővárosban, 1932
Historical trajectory 1940: „Productive Social Policy” (ONCSA) • Centralized program for agricultural poor/unemployed • Headed by the Min. of Interior • Loans to build houses • Work in „welfare co-operatives” • AIM: „Productive assistance” + boosting economy http: //filmhiradokonline. hu/watch. php? id=5739 Kiskunfélegyházi közjóléti szövetkezet homokot köt meg, é. n.
Establish a ‘workfare society’ as an alternative to ‘the decline of Western welfare states’ (Prime Minister Orbán 2012)
Can PW be a solution to unemployment? • Aims of PW program: • Lead back to the labor market • Provide „sensible” work alternative to social assistance • Effects of PW program • • • No way back to the „real” labor market Cheap labor for municipalities Increasing „feudal” power of mayors Ethnic discrimination Expensive: draws away resources from active labor market policies
http: //vimeo. com/28341839 • 1 hour 7 minutes – Gathering + instructing public workers in the local Cultural House
Further readings • Economists of HAS on public works: – http: //444. hu/2014/11/04/a-kozmunka-csapdabazar-es-visszahozza-a-feudalizmust/ • Szikra’s paper on social policy, 2010 -2014: – http: //esp. sagepub. com/content/24/5/486. abstra ct dorottyaszikra@gmail. com
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