HISTORY of MEDICINE studies regularity of development and

HISTORY of MEDICINE studies regularity of development and history of doctoring, medical knowledge and medical activity of the peoples of the world during the whole history of mankind (from most ancient times up to present) in connection with a history, philosophy, achievement of natural science and culture.

As the educational discipline HISTORY of MEDICINE is independent subject, which is studied on the separate department of in high medical schools of our republic and abroad.

As the teaching subject HISTORY of MEDICINE is should show: 1) tо ореn regularity of all-world-historical process of the formation and development of doctoring and medicine from most ancient times up to present , 2) to demonstrate achievement of each lew epoch in the field of medicine in a context of spiritual culture of mankind

3) to show nteraction and unity of the national and international factors in formation of a medical science and practice in various regions of globe , 4) - to acquaint t^ students with a history ind basic rules of medical etiquette worldwide.

The basis of the program of a HISTORY of MEDICINE, ate periods oid chronology of a world, istory of medicine, what was made 1987 and based on accepted in i modem historical science of the division into periods of a world history

According to it , the worldhistorical process is divided into 5 basic periods: a primitive society, indent world, Middle Ages new time and modern history.

Division into periods of a world history Periodsof a world history' Conditional chronological frameworks Absolute age History of a primitive society Approximately 2 mln years ago Approximately 4 -1 millenium up to AD min years (centuries 20000 ) History of the ancient world the 4 -th millenium up to AD About 4 middle of the 1 - st millenium thousands years (40 centuries) History of the Middle Ages History of new time Modern history AD From 476 till 1640 years. centimes) 1640 -1918 years. centuries) Since 1918 century) About 1200 (12 About 300 years (3 (less than

Division into periods of a world history Periodsof a world history Conditional chronological frameworks Absolute age History of a primitive society Approximately 2 min years (centuries 20000 ) About 4 thousands years (40 ) History of the ancient world History of the Middle Ages History of new time Modern history Approximately 2 mln years ago 4 -1 millenium up to AD the 4 -th millenium up to AD middle of the 1 - st millenium AD From 476 till 1640 years 1640 -1918 years. Since 1918 About 1200 (12 centimes) About 300 years (3 centuries) (less than century)

The doctoring in a primitive society.

The history of primitive era allocated 3 stages: 1) The formation of a primitive society (more than 2 mln years ago - about 40 thousands years ago) 2) The prosperity of a primitive society (about 40 thousands years ago - 10 milenium up to AD) 3) Decomposition of a primitive society (with 10 -5 millenium up to AD)

According to historical stages three periods in development of primitive doctoring are conrentionally determined three stages:

1) The formation of a primitive society and primitive doctoring ithe longest period), hen occured initial accumulation and generalization of empirical knowledge about ceptions of doctoring and natural medical means (vegetative, animal and mineral origin)

2) The doctoring in a period of the prosperity of a primitive society, when developed and e teleological application of empirical experience of the doctoring in social practice Firmed

3) The doctoring during decomposition of a primitive society, when together with origin of classes and private property occurred the formation of cult practice of the doctoring. But accumulation and generalization of empirical knowledge of the doctoring as collective experience of a community and individual activity of the doctors proceeded.

The authentic scientific knowledge about doctoring in a primitive based on the data; archeology (instrument of labour, rests of construction, sanctuary, and remains of the person, subjects of primitive culture), ethnography, paleopathology , paleanthropology and paleopsycology.

Paleopathology studies pathological changes of the remains of u skeleton of the primitive person. Before emergence of paleopathology people believed that primitive person was absolutely healthy. And illnesses emerged later as a result as a civilization. Data of paleopathology disproved this standpoint. The study of the remains of primitive person showed that 1 Ц bones of primitive person contained signs of traumatic injuries and serious illnesses : arthritis , swellings, tuberculosis and dental caries.

Paleopathology allowed to define middle duration of life of primitive person. It was not exceed 30 years. Primitive person perished in the straggle with nature , which was stronger than he.

Fn the first stages of primitive society a

Millennial experience of many generations learnt the man to define natural medical properties. Looking m vegetable food , man learnt nourishing, medical and other properties of different plants.

At first medical experience employed by a man on delivery. . on poisoning , on diarrheas and traumas. With hunting developed elementary surgery – Ihcluide treatment of waynd , fractures , dislocations.

Ancient people thought that illness arises on account of incoming; of spirits mto the body of the sick. Ancient people believed that incubus penetrate into the organism with food , therefore patients were given different vomitive drags.

Primitive people made a complex operation - trepanation of the skull for banishment of incubus. This operation was wide spread. Also was employed the scarification and general bloodletting. Аll these methods were used for deliverance from incubus.