HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN Zulfiya Abdikhalikovna Meldibekova candidate of

HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN Zulfiya Abdikhalikovna Meldibekova candidate of sciences (History) INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES UNIVERSITY Theme of lecture #01: Introduction to history. Ancient Kazakhstan. Bronze ages tribes

History of ancient Kazakhstan History of medieval Kazakhstan New history of Kazakhstan 4. Newest history : Per iodization

Stone age: Paleolithic period, Mesolithic, Neolith Bronze age: Andronov or Begazy-Dandybaev cultures Iron (Metall) age: Sacks, tribal unions History of ancient Kazakhstan

Early medieval history (6-9 cc): Turgic period- kaganates Prosperity or Golden age (10-14cc): Mongolian invasion, history of post-Mongolian period-foundation of Hordes Late-medieval period(15-18cc): formation of Kazakh Khandom History of medieval Kazakhstan

Joining of Kazakhstan to Russia, colonial policy of Tsarist on the territory of Kazakhstan National – liberation movements against Russian policy Administrative reforms New history of Kazakhstan

Standing of Soviet power in Kazakhstan: revolutions, policy of Soviet power, II WW, post-war period, stagnation, perestroika or reconstruction, collapse of USSR Independent Kazakhstan Kazakhstan in modern time. Newest history

Characteristic of the primitive society. Stages of the primitive society. Historical monuments of the primitive society. Ancient time is the first stage of historical development of humanity from appearance of man till formation of statehood on the territory of Kazakhstan. The science studying people’s life on the basis of material remains is called archeology. Archeologists divide ancient time into 3 parts: stone age, bronze age and metal age. The problem of the origin of the modern human being and the most ancient stages of his development in the Stone Age according to the scientists terminology in one of the complex problem of the science. The modern genetics came to conclusion, that labour played the decisive role in the evolution of man. The other factors – biological and social, participated in the process of anthropogenesis. Man is differed from the animal by his knowing how to work and how to make the labour instruments. The first instruments made from stone by man gave the name to the Stone Age, the early and longest period of the history. The brief content of the lecture:

I. Paleolithic: - Ancient Paleolithic:Doshell – 2,5 mln.-800 th.B.C., Shell, Ashell - 800-140 th.B.C. - Middle Paleolithic: Upper Ashell - Mousterian period – 140-40 th. B.C. 3. Upper Paleolithic 40-10 th. B.C. II. Mesolithic XII-V th. B.C. III. Neolithic V-II th. B.C. The first men on the territory of Kazakhstan appeared about 700-500 th. years ago during The Paleolithic Age: near rivers Isym, Chu, Betpak-Dala. The more numerous sites of the late times were Shabakty, Temirkazgan, Borykazgan etc. During the Mousterian epoch the method of production of stone instruments developed. Among the Mousterian sites discovered in the Karatau, one was situated in Karasai, on the right bank of the Arystandy river. The finds of the Mousterian instruments are known in the middle flow of the Sarysu river in Central Kazakhstan and Priirtyshie. Neolithic. The Neolithic hunters, fishermen and collectors lived in Pri-Ural and Irtysh. The natural environment of that time was almost the same as in our days. The technology of working up of stone in the epoch of Neolithic achieved the highest level, people learned how to saw and polish the stone and make the mini stone-blades (micro-lit). The durable crockery ceramics were made with help of baking by Neolithic people. In the epoch of Upper Neolithic and Eneolithic one more important event was happened in the life of people. The animals have been domesticated and became domestic animals. People began to be occupied with farming. The appearance of the beginnings of mining, mastery of metals, soft-ones – copper, gold, lead took place. During the Neolithic Age the family communes with Matriarchy appeared. At the Neolithic the earliest men began to use fire and make work tools from metal – at first it was copper, then bronze. The brief content of the lecture

Stone age

Stages of human development

Historical periods of development

Periodization of bronze age Bronze – alloy of cooper and lead. So this epoch received the calling bronze age.

mastering of metal (gold also); appearance of new form economy – transform from settling cattle-breeding to nomadic; development of hoe farming. Farming existed from IV thousand B.C. in Kazakhstan; conception of the first social dividing of labor: cattle-breeding and farming; development of cattle-breeding and farming needed in males power, so, gradually, matriarchate defeated and was replaced by patriarchate Peculiarities of bronze age:

Central Kazakhstan( about 30 settlements and 150 graves) divided into 3 periods: 1)early ( нуринский); 2) middle (атасуйский) 3) late (бегазы- дандыбаевский) In North Kazakhstan archeologists found more 80 settlements and graves: Алексеевское, Садчиковское (около реки Тобол) One of the first ancient towns - Arcaim (Аркаим) on the Costanay oblast. In East Kazakhstan were founded more 10 monuments, famous of them- Kanai, Trudnikovo, Malakrasnoyiarka ( Канай, Трудниково, Малокрасноярка) In West Kazakhstan – settlements (Тасты-Бутак, Ахмет-аул, Бесбай, Киргелды) In Semirechie and South of Kazakhstan – the main collections of drawing (Тамгалы, Каратау) The main regions of Andronov culture in Kazakhstan

The consequences of Nomadic cattle-breeding: transformation of society to patriarchate appearance of family, then private property and social inequality appearance of social groups – tribes chiefs , priests and military commanders. Begazy-Dandybaev’s culture: Archeological culture of late bronze in Central Kazakhstan discovered by Margulan A.Kh. Peculiarities:- Economy based on nomadic cattle-breeding; construction of special types of graves monuments no ordinary funeral (погребальный) ritual (ceremony); appearance of new form of clay dishes; existing of many cooper mines Social structure

1. Call the names of stone age’s periods. 2.What were the work tools of ancient men? Wright its. 3.Call the periods of development of primitive herds. 4.What does archaeology study? 5.Around which mountain range were findings of the oldest human beings at the territory of Kazakhstan found? 6.What is Tanirkazgan? 7.Who discovered the main culture of bronze age in Kazakhstan? 8. Bronze is an alloy of what? 9.Call the chronological borders of bronze age. 10. What was the name of the first town in Kazakhstan? Control questions to lecture:

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