History 1301 U S History to 1877 Slide

History 1301 U. S. History to 1877 Slide Set 6 Central Texas College Fort Knox, Kentucky Bruce A. Mc. Kain

Secession! • 20 December 1860 South Carolina declares itself out of the Union. • By 1 February 1861 Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas join South Carolina.

The Confederate States of America President Jefferson Davis Vice President Alexander Stephens

Confederate States of America • February 1861 – Montgomery Convention – Declare CSA – Constitution • Slavery recognized • Tariffs Prohibited • Single Six Year Presidential Term • Line Item Veto • State Sovereignty (Confederal Form of Government)

Confederate Cabinet

March 1861 Inauguration

First Shots • Ft Sumter – Major Robert Anderson commanding, called for and promised reinforcements. – P. G. T. Beauregard commanded South Carolina forces in Charleston. – 4: 30 a. m. 12 April 1861 Edmund Ruffin(right)fires the first shot?

Ft Sumter Major Robert Anderson General P. G. T. Beauregard

Ft Sumter The Battle • Confederate forces fire an almost continuous barrage into Sumter, which limited its return fire due to a lack of munitions. • Major Anderson surrenders 13 April 1861. • During the firing of the salute to the colors a Private is killed when a cannon explodes. The only casualty of the battle. The guns of Sumter

War! Lincoln’s Reaction to Ft Sumter The South’s Reaction to Fort Sumter • Calls for 75, 000 volunteers for 90 days service to put down the rebellion. • Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas join the Confederacy.

Relative Strengths • NORTH – Most of Nations wealth was in the banks of the North. – 20: 1 Industrial advantage in number of factories. Plus most large factories were in North. – 3: 1 advantage in population. – U. S. Navy was largely Northern and remained loyal. – Most of the Railroads were in the North. • SOUTH – Large territory – Did not have to win, just not lose. – Home ground advantage. – Defensive War. – Highly qualified officers joined the South. Plus the South had a long tradition of sending its sons to military schools. – Riding and Hunting were part of the Southern culture.

Army Chief of Staff General Winfield Scott

Opposing Strategies • North – Quick victory – Anaconda Plan • General Winfield Scott’s Plan • Navel Blockade • Take and Hold Mississippi River and split South in half. • Hold strategic points and wait for popular uprising, to throw out the CSA leadership.

Opposing Strategies • South – Make North quit. – Make the war so costly to the North, that politicians and populace would withdraw support for the war.

First Manassas / Bull Run Cub Run

Significant Battles – Bull Run / Manassas General Irwin Mc. Dowell General P. G. T. Beauregard

Bull Run / Manassas – Other Commanders General J. E. Johnston General Thomas J. Jackson

First Bull Run/ First Manassas Map 1 Map 2

Bull Run / Manassas Jackson’s Four Apostles Jackson’s VMI Brigade

Battle of New Orleans Captain David Farragut New Orleans 1862

Peninsula Campaign General George Mc. Clellan General J. E. Johnston

Seven Pine

Seven Pines General George Mc. Clellan • Mc. Clellan was a Quartermaster Officer, known for inventing the Mc. Clellan saddle which was used until the last Cavalry units were disbanded during WWII. It is still used by ceremonial units today. J. E. Johnston (wounded replaced by) General Robert E. Lee

Seven Pines Peninsula Campaign Seven Pines

Seven Pines – Professor Lowe uses balloon to observe enemy

Seven Days General George Mc. Clellan June 26 -27 1862 General Robert E. Lee June 30 1862

Seven Days continued July 1 st 1862 Lee joined by Jackson during battle.

2 nd Bull Run / 2 nd Manassas General John Pope General Robert E. Lee

2 nd Bull Run / 2 nd Manassas

Fort Donelson

Ft Henry /Ft Donalson General H. W. Halleck General Albert S. Johnston

FT Henry / Ft Donelson General Don Carlos Buell General U. S. Grant

Shiloh

Shiloh April 6 -8 1862 General U. S. Grant General Joseph Johnston

Shiloh Battlefield Amputation Tent

Monitor vs. Merrimac May 1862 USS Monitor CSS Virginia

Antietam / Sharpsburg

Antietam / Sharpsburg 17 September 1862 General George Mc. Clellan (? ) General Robert E. Lee

Antietam / Sharpsburg Battle Overview 0600 hrs

Antietam / Sharpsburg 0730 hrs 0900 hrs

Antietam / Sharpsburg 1000 hrs Antietam Bridge

Emancipation Proclamation As Drafted As Published

54 th Mass Colonel Robert G. Shaw Storming Ft. Wagner

Fredericksburg

Fredericksburg 13 December 1862 General Ambrose Burnside General Robert E. Lee

Fredericksburg Battle Overview Hooker’s Assault

Fredericksburg Sumner Assault Embalming Tent

Chancellorsville

Chancellorsville 5 -6 May 1863 General “Fighting Joe” Hooker General Robert E. Lee

Chancellorsville May 1 -2 1863 May 3 1863

Chancellorsville May 4 1863 The Dictator 13” Mortar

R. I. P. Thomas J. Jackson

Jackson Died Here

Other Issues Trent Affair- JM Mason Trent Affair – J Siddell

Other Issues Copperhead Pamphlet Draft Riots

Weapons of the Civil War USS Cairo 1862 Parrott Gun 200 pounder

Weapons of the Civil War Lee-Enfield Rifled Musket Spencer Carbine

Weapons of the Civil War Gatling Gun Mortars

Gettysburg

Gettysburg – The Campaign

Gettysburg July 1 -3 1863 General George Meade General Robert E. Lee

Gettysburg General John Buford Colonel Joshua Chamberlain

Gettysburg General J. F. Reynolds General Oliver Otis Howard

Gettysburg General A. P. Hill General George Pickett

Gettysburg General Longstreet General John Bell Hood

Gettysburg Confederate Dead at Devil’s Den Confederate Prisoners

Gettysburg Little Round Top Union Dead at Gettysburg

Gettysburg Address The Address Lincoln Prior to the Address

Gettysburg Day 1 Day 2

Gettysburg Day 3 Pickett’s Charge

Gettysburg Lee’s Retreat

Vicksburg

Vicksburg – Six week siege ends 4 July 1863 General U. S. Grant General John C. Pemberton

Vicksburg Phase One Phase Two

Vicksburg USS Eads USS Monitor

Chickamauga

Chickamauga September 19 -20 1863 General Rosecrans General Braxton Bragg

Chickamauga – Wilder’s Brigade Colonel Thomas Wilder Spencer Carbine

Battle of Chattanooga

Chattanooga November 23 -25 1863 General U. S. Grant – Commander of the West General Braxton Bragg

Chattanooga The Battle Company Kitchen

Election of 1864 Anti General Mc. Clellan Poster March 1865 Inauguration

Electoral College Results 1864

May to June 1864

Wilderness U. S. Grant. Commander all Union Armies General Robert E. Lee

Wilderness May 5 1864 May 6 1864

Spotsylvania

Spotsylvania May 10 1864 May 12 1864

Cold Harbor

Cold Harbor June 1 1864 June 3 1864

Southern Innovation CSS Hunley Schematic

The Hunley The Commander Lt. Dixon USS Housatonic

The Legend Dixon’s Gold Piece Front Dixon’s Gold Piece Obverse

Petersburg

Petersburg June 1864 – April 1865 General U. S. Grant General Robert E. Lee

Petersburg June 21 – 22 1864 June 30 1864

Petersburg October 27 1864 March 29 -30 1865

Petersburg April 2 1865 April 18 -19 1865

Atlanta

Atlanta July – September 1864 General William T. Sherman General John Bell Hood

Sherman’s March Sherman Neckties Sherman’s March to the Sea

Appomattox Courthouse

Appomattox Courthouse April 9 1865 General U. S. Grant General Robert E. Lee

Appomattox Courthouse Union Headquarters

Appomattox Surrender Site Lee Surrenders

Other Faces of the War Clara Barton Col. Chivington

Other Faces of the War Mary. Todd Lincoln Allan Pinkerton

After the War

Homestead Act of 1862 • Effective 1 January 1863 – U. S. Citizen or Intended Citizen, who had never born arms against the U. S. – File Application – Improve the land, living on it for five years, erecting a 12 x 14 dwelling. – File for Deed, small fee

Homesteading 1 st Person to file – Daniel Freeman Homestead Application

Homesteading Proof of Improvements Certificate of Eligibility

Lincoln Assassinated 14 April 1865 The Scene The Assassin- John Wilkes Booth

President Andrew Johnson

Reconstruction Scalawags Joseph E. Brown Carpetbaggers John Thomas Wilder

Reconstruction Lincoln’s Plan • 10% Plan – Oath of Loyalty • Andrew Johnson wanted to follow Lincoln’s plan. – By end of the war Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana had met requirements and had been readmitted into the Union. Congressional Reconstruction • Required former Confederate states to recognize and ratify 13 th and 14 th Amendments • Required CSA to repudiate Confederate debt. • Lowered state representation. • No Confederates in Government.

Andrew Johnson Impeached Grant elected 1868

1868 Electoral College Results