Hinglishh By Vladimir Suchko L-103 Table of

Hinglishh By Vladimir Suchko L-103

Table of content. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Hinglish? What is it? Some historical facts. Grammar. Vowels. Consonants Spelling pronunciation Vocabulary and colloquialisms Numbering system

Hinglish (Indian English)- a portmanteau of "Hindi" and "English“ which is widespread in India. National standard of language. When? Where? How? David Crystal (Specialist of English Philology ) has written that more than 350 million speak Hinglish.

History. British Empire had to make more money after war with Spain , so Great Britain in alliance with Holland decided to improve economic situation in their countries with trade. In the beginning of the XVI century Queen Elizabeth I has formed The British East India Company. Flag of the British East India Company

• Spices Cotton • Tea Opium • Corn Dyestuff

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Grammar The role of English within the complex multilingual society of India is far from straightforward: it is used across the country, by speakers with various degrees of proficiency; the grammar and phraseology may mimic that of the speaker's first language. While Indian speakers of English use idioms peculiar to their homeland, often literal translations of words and phrases from their native languages, this is far less common in proficient speakers, and the grammar itself tends to be quite close to that of Standard English

Vowels • many speakers do not differentiate between the vowel sounds /ɛ/ (as in "dress") and /æ/ (as in <trap>), except in cases where a minimal pair such as <bed>/<bad> exists in the vocabulary of the speaker. • the short [ɛ] becomes lengthened and higher to long [eː], making <pen> sound like <paenn>. • When a long vowel is followed by "r", some usually use a monophthong, instead of the diphthong used for many such words in many other accents. "fear" is pronounced [fir] instead of [fiə]. • Indian English often uses strong vowels where other accents would have unstressed syllables or words. Thus "cottage" may be pronounced [ˈkateːdʒ] rather than [ˈkɒtɪdʒ]. A word such as "was" in the phrase "I was going" will be pronounced [ʋɒz] or [ʋas] in Indian English: in most other accents it would receive the unstressed realization [wəz]

• General Indian English realizes /eɪ/ (as in <face>) and /oʊ/ (as in <goat>) as long monophthongs [eː], [oː] • Many Indian English speakers do not make a clear distinction between /ɒ/ and /ɔː/. (See cot–caught ) • some Indian speakers don't pronounce the rounded /ɒ/ or /ɔː/, and substitute /a/ instead. This makes <not> sound as [nat]. The phoneme /ɔː/, if used, is only semi-rounded at the lips. "Coffee" will be pronounced kaafi, "Copy" will be kaapi • <class>, <staff> and <last> would be pronounced with a back <a> as in British English, i. e. , [klɑːs], [stɑːf], and [lɑːst] rather than American [klæːs], [stæːf], and [læːst] and in South of India "Parent" is [ˈpɑːrent].

Consonants • Most pronunciations of Indian English are rhotic, but many speakers with higher education are non-rhotic. • Free variation with [v] and/or [w]. Thus, wet and vet are homophones • Many Indians pronounce words such as <flower> as [flaː(r)] instead of [flaʊə(r)], and <our> as [aː(r)] instead of [aʊə(r)]. • Many Indians speaking English do not use the voiced postalveolar fricative (/ʒ/). Typically, /z/ or /dʒ/ is substituted, e. g. treasure /ˈtrɛzəːr/, and in the south Indian variants, with /ʃ/ as in <"sh'"ore>, e. g. treasure /ˈtrɛʃər/. • All major native languages of India lack the dental fricatives (/θ/ and /ð/; spelled with th)

While retaining /ŋ/ in the final position, Indian speakers usually include the [ɡ] after it. Hence /ˈriŋiŋ/ → /ˈriŋɡiŋɡ/ (ringing) <zero> and <rosy> sound as [ˈdʒiːro] and [ˈroːdʒiː]. This replacement is equally true for Persian and Arabic loanwords into Hindi

Spelling pronunciation • Some Indian English speakers supply a murmured version [ɡʱ], for example <ghost> [ɡʱoːst] • Similarly, the digraph <wh> may be aspirated as [ʋʱ] or [wʱ], resulting in realizations such as <which> [ʋʱɪtʃ], • The word "of" is usually pronounced with a /f/ instead of a /v/ as in most other accents • Use of [d] instead of [t] for the "-ed" ending of the past tense after voiceless consonants, for example "developed" may be [ˈdɛʋləpd] instead of RP /dɪˈvɛləpt/. • Use of [s] instead of [z] for the "-s" ending of the plural after voiced consonants, for example <dogs> may be [daɡs] instead of [dɒɡz]

• Pronunciation of <house> as [hauz] in both the noun and the verb, instead of [haus] as noun and [hauz] as verb. • All consonants are distinctly doubled (lengthened) in General Indian English wherever the spelling suggests so. e. g. , <drilling> /ˈdrilliŋɡ/

Vocabulary and colloquialisms • acting pricey - Playing "hard to get", being snobbish. • break-up - breakdown (e. g. of salary) • cantonment - Permanent military installation. • carrying - To be pregnant, as in "She is carrying". • cent per cent - "100 per cent" as in "He got cent per cent in maths". • club - To merge or put two things together. "'Just club it together'" • cooling glasses - Sunglasses • dearness allowance - Payment given to employees to compensate for the effects of inflation. • doubt - Question or query ('I have a doubt' when one wishes to ask a question. ) • expire - To die, especially in reference to one's family member. • hill station - Mountain resort • marketing - Shopping • mostly - "Most probably" or "possibly". • redressal - Reparation, redress, remedy • shift - To relocate (e. g. "He shifted from Jaipur to Gurgaon". ) • time-waste - Something that is a waste of time; procrastination. Presumably not even useful for leisure. • Where are you put up? - 'Where are you currently staying? ' In Br. E, "to put someone up" means to let someone stay in one's house for a few days. • Where do you stay? - 'Where do you live? ' or 'Where's your house? '.

Numbering system In digits (Standard English) In digits (Indian English) In words (Standard In words (Indian English) 10 ten 100 one hundred 1000 one Thousand 10000 ten thousand 100000 1 00 000 one hundred thousand one lakh 1000000 1 0 00 000 one million ten lakh 10000000 1 00 00 000 ten million one crore

Thank you for attention.