Highly Pathogenic Avian influenza H 5 N 8

Highly Pathogenic Avian influenza H 5 N 8 UPDATED PRESENTATION TO THE PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES 1 AUGUST 2017

Contents of the presentation • • • Acronyms Background Current Outbreaks within SA Actions taken Possible economic impact 2

Acronyms Abbreviation AI ARC - OVI DAFF H 5 N 8 HPAI OVI Full Description Avian Influenza Agricultural Research Council: (OVI) Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Highly Pathogenic Avian influenza Type of virus H 5 N 8 Highly Pathogenic Avian influenza Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute of the ARC (OVI-ARC) 3

Background Ø It is a virus that affects both domestic and wild birds Ø It has less frequently been isolated from other mammalian species Ø It is classified into subtypes based on two surface proteins: § Hemagglutinin (HA) of which there at least 16 (H 1 to H 16) subtypes § Neuraminidase (NA) of which there are 9 (N 1 to N 9) subtypes Ø These strains are further classified into two categories according to the severity of diseases: § Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) § Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) Ø LPAI strains cause few or no clinical signs in poultry Ø HPAI strains can cause severe clinical signs and potentially high mortality rates among poultry 4

…Background Ø The avian influenza virus is shed in faeces and respiratory secretions of infected birds Ø The virus can therefore be spread through direct contact with the secretions of infected birds or through contaminated water and feed Ø Wild water birds are reservoirs of the avian influenza virus and the virus may therefore be transmitted through wild birds and their migratory routes Ø The virus may also be carried on fomites e. g. farm equipment and clothing of people that came in contact with infected material 5

Current outbreaks within South Africa Ø On 22 June 2017 DAFF was notified of high mortalities on a breeder flock in Mpumalanga Province with the closest town being Villiers (FS). Samples that were collected yielded positive results for HPAI H 5 N 8. Ø The total number of outbreaks detected To date (Monday 31 July) is 10. § 4 outbreaks on commercial farms § 3 outbreaks in wild birds § 1 outbreak in birds kept as a hobby § 2 outbreaks in backyard chickens 6

…Current outbreaks within South Africa Ø From further sequencing and genetic analysis results by the ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research the 1 st outbreak close to Villiers and the 2 nd outbreak in Val appears to be two separate introductions into the country. Ø The 1 st outbreak close to Villiers is more related to an Egypt outbreak strain with a 1% difference between the Egypt strain and this South Africa strain. Ø The 2 nd outbreak in Val is related to the Zimbabwean isolate with less than a 1% difference. 7

Actions taken Ø All suspected cases are being followed-up immediately Ø The following control measures are immediately imposed: § Farms placed under quarantine (nothing allowed to move off the farm) § Eggs destroyed § Depopulation of affected sites § Carcasses, waste material, affected eggs and manure have been contained and will be dealt with to ensure prevention of spread of the disease as well as to prevent contamination of the environment. § On the hobbies farm, ducks were culled and all the other birds kept under quarantine and clinical observation Ø DAFF is obtaining legal and financial advice in order to finalise the incentivisation/ compensation policy for these HPAI outbreaks Ø A ban was introduced on the sale of live chickens to manage further spread but this initial complete ban has affected a number of livelihoods; this ban has been modified with conditions placed for the sale and distribution of live culls. 8

Avian Influenza in Chickens: H 5 N 8 9

Avian Influenza in Chickens: Zoomed In 10

Possible Economic Impact Number of chickens at risk and values (Figures extrapolated from 2007) Commercial Layers 17 million (R 52 each) R 884 000 Broilers 624 million ( R 35 each) R 21 840 000 Parents 7 million at (R 950 each) R 6 650 000 Total 648 million (chickens) R 29 374 000 Non commercial All categories Grand Total 1. 5 million at R 35 each 649, 5 million R 525 000 R 29 899 000 Gross value of animal products R 36. 670 billion (2016) Combined gross poultry income for 2016 R 46. 861 billion (2016) Broiler and egg producers in rand value, still the largest segment of South African Agriculture at 18% (2016) 11

Possible Economic Impact: Trade Country Date Commodities banned Exclusions European Commission (Norway, Iceland, Switzerland) 28 June 2017 Fresh ratite meat, poultry meat preparations, poultry meat products not subject to treatment, Unprocessed animal by-products Hong Kong 23 June 2017 All poultry (carcass, parts and offal) poultry products (including eggs) Provinces outside Mpumalanga (and historical ban on Eastern Cape and Western Cape still in place) Israel 25 June 2017 Ban import of poultry genetic material, poultry products and birds. United Arab Emirates 6 July 2017 Domestic and wild birds and their untreated byproducts, day old chicks, hatching eggs, meat and table eggs 12

Possible Economic Impact: Trade Neighboring countries have opened trade of meat, eggs and chicks from compartments with high biosecurity measures, and monthly AI monitoring. 13

Situation related to employment at affected farms (based on information supplied) and food losses (Estimate) FARM NAME No, OF JOBS Production losses Hens Eggs per day First Farm Second Farm Third farm Fourth farm (1) Forth Farm (2) TOTAL 50 60 14 50 50 224 190 000 256 000 7000 240 000 120 000 813 000 190 000 (Hatching) 256 000 (Table) 7000 (Table) 240 000 (Table) 120000 (Table) 623 000(table) : 190 000 (hatching) Estimate cost of egg at R 1 per egg 14

THANK YOU 15