HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USA, GREAT BRITAIN AND UKRAINE By Anna Samusko
In the United States of America
Higher education in the United States, or postsecondary education, begins after a student has completed 12 years of elementary and secondary instruction. After students have received their high school diploma or have passed General Education Development tests (“GED”), they can continue their education by attending four-year colleges, universities, community colleges, professional institutes, and performing and visual arts schools.
Stages of Studies
1. Nonuniversity level post-secondary studies (technical/vocat ional type) Education at this level would include (1) all institutions that only award qualifications under the Bachelor's degree; (2) programmes leading to awards under the Bachelor's degree offered at institutions that also award higher degrees.
2. University level first stage: Associate Degree, Bachelor Degree, Advanced Certificate, First Professional Degree;
3. University level second stage: Master's Degree, Post-Master's Degree/Certificate, Diploma/Certificate, Degree of Education Specialist
University level third stage: Research Doctorate This degree is not awarded by examination or coursework only, but requires demonstrated mastery of the chosen subject and the ability to conduct independent, original research.
Teacher education 1. Training of pre-primary and primary/basic school teachers 2. Training of secondary school teachers 3. Training of higher education teachers
High Education in Great Britain
All British universities are private institutions. Students have to pay fees and living costs, but every student may obtain a personal grant from local authorities.
The term "maximum education" in Great Britain concerns to the programs, which purpose award of a degree of the bachelor, foreman or doctor.
The degree of the bachelor suffices for some trades, and further education it is not required. But for the majority of specialties the degree of the foreman opens much more opportunities.
The degree of the foreman approximately corresponds (meets) to our diploma about maximum education, and degree of the doctor - degree of the candidate of sciences in Ukraine. The equivalent of a degree of the doctor of sciences in Great Britain does not exist.
Higher Education in Ukraine
The four-level system provides thorough academic, professional and practical training with the following degrees: Junior Specialist, Bachelor, Specialist, Master.
Higher education can be obtained in higher education establishments of a certain level of accreditation. The applicants must have either basic general secondary education, complete secondary education, or hold degrees of the Junior Specialist or Bachelor, as well as of the Specialist or Master if they apply for a postgraduate degree.
Normative periods of training under different educational and qualification levels : 3 years for junior 4 years for bachelor ( 1 year for master ( on specialist ( on the basis of full comprehensive secondary education ); 1 year for specialist ( on the basis of first degree ); the basis of first degree ).
The Ukraine's State Higher Education System includes 940 higher educational institutions (HEI), out of which 806 are public and 134 are of other forms of property ownership. Non-public HEIs are mandatory and legally acknowledged and controlled by the state through the educational activity's licensing mechanism and accreditation.
A lot of non-governmental higher educational institutions appeared recently which leads to increasing of economic and business profile students. Since 1997 students can study at higher educational institutions on contract basis.
Ukraine's higher educational system fulfills important social functions creating intellectual potential of Ukraine as a new independent state entering the world community.
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