Higher Education and Education for All Towards greater

Higher Education and Education for All Towards greater interaction and a new paradigm Georges Haddad Victor Ordonez November, 2004

Medieval times Higher Education Jomtien, 1990 (Basic Education) Education for All Paris, 1998 Points of Interaction Emerging Paradigms Dakar, 2000

Higher Education • A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: * The Evolution of the Social Contract between universities and society – From guilds and intellectual centers for the elite – To universities expanding access to serving greater needs of society – Recent unprecedented growth

Enrollment in higher education in Asia and the Pacific Region 1970 -1997 Former USSR Southern Asia Eastern Asia South eastern Asia Oceania

Students in higher education per 100, 000 inhabitants 1980 and 1992 and 1996

Higher Education • A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: * The Evolution of the Social Contract *Alternative forms and emerging challenges –University responsibilities toward societal issues: poverty, HIV/AIDS, sustainable development, UN Millennium Development Goals, etc. –Student responsibilities and mobilization –Privatization and collaborative partnerships

Gross enrollment ratios in higher education for 1990 and latest available year

Higher Education • MAIN THEMES FROM THE 1998 WCHE – Focus on development, public good, human right – Relevance to society, and its changing world of work – Resources and financing alternatives in light of expanding access – Internationalization and fostering partnerships

Higher Education • A REDEFINED ROLE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOCIETY – Re-designing delivery systems for new demands of a radically fast-changing world of work – Responding to wider needs of society: EFA, Millennium Development Goals (gender), Sustainable Development (environment, HIV/AIDS, justice, equity, tolerance)

Female Participation (Third Level)

Higher Education • A REDEFINED ROLE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOCIETY – Re-designing delivery systems for new demands of a radically fast-changing world of work – Responding to wider needs of society: EFA, Millennium Development Goals (gender), Sustainable Development (environment, HIV/AIDS, justice, equity, tolerance) – New state governance mechanisms to incorporate broader partnerships and finance mechanisms (privatization, cost recovery, corporatization)

Share of enrollment in private higher education

Higher Education • A REDEFINED ROLE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOCIETY – Re-designing delivery systems for new demands of a radically fast-changing world of work – Responding to wider needs of society: EFA, Millennium Development Goals (gender), Sustainable Development (environment, HIV/AIDS, justice, equity, tolerance) – New state governance mechanisms to incorporate broader partnerships and finance mechanisms (privatization, cost recovery, corporatization)

Medieval times Higher Education Jomtien, 1990 Education for All Paris, 1998 Points of Interaction Emerging Paradigms Dakar, 2000

Education for All • The Jomtien 1990 Declaration and vision – The Imperatives for prioritizing EFA – Expanded vision for basic education • Lessons from the EFA 1990 -2000 decade – Statistical overview: comprehensive research results: much has been done, much remains to do

The Race Against Illiteracy

Education for All • The Jomtien 1990 Declaration and vision – The Imperatives for prioritizing EFA – Expanded vision for basic education • Lessons from the EFA 1990 -2000 decade – Statistical overview: comprehensive research results: much has been done, much remains to do – From advocacy to activity to analysis

Jomtien, 1990 Advocacy Dakar, 2000 Bangkok, 2000 Examples: Analysis • girls’ education • international aid Activity Amman, 1996

Education for All • The Jomtien 1990 Declaration and vision – The Imperatives for prioritizing EFA – Expanded vision for basic education • Lessons from the EFA 1990 -2000 decade – Statistical overview: comprehensive research results: much has been done, much remains to do – From advocacy to activity to analysis – The next crisis: secondary education

Education for All • THE UNFINISHED STRUGGLE FOR BASIC EDUCATION: CONTINUING CHALLENGES – Access: Reaching the unreached; achieving the Millennium Development Goal for access and gender

Education for All • THE UNFINISHED STRUGGLE FOR BASIC EDUCATION: CONTINUING CHALLENGES – Access: Reaching the unreached; achieving the Millennium Development Goal for access and gender – Quality: relevance; drop-outs and repetition

Repetition rates in the first grades of primary education Final grade Grade 2 Grade 1 23. 2 25. 0 17. 5 10. 9 10. 1 20. 7 20. 0 per cent 5. 0 10. 0 5. 0 7. 3 7. 7 11. 7 7. 5 2 7. 1 4 9 4 0. 0 Arab States Asia/Pacific OECD Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America/Caribbean

Education for All • THE UNFINISHED STRUGGLE FOR BASIC EDUCATION: CONTINUING CHALLENGES – Access: Reaching the unreached – Quality: relevance to learning needs; drop-outs and repetition – Broadening partnerships; enlisting the higher education sector – Role of information and innovation –Securing financial and social support

Average Basic Education Trend School Age Population Enrolment

Average Basic Education Trend School Age Population Enrolment Budget in Education

Ingredients for Success Financial resources n Human capacity n Political/social will n

Medieval times Higher Education Jomtien, 1990 Education for All Paris, 1998 Points of Interaction Emerging Paradigms Dakar, 2000

Points of Interaction Community service Teacher training: Re-designing content of pre-service and study In-Service Applying research from neuro-sciences, psychology Policy research and advocacy Conscientization and social responsibility

Possible recommendations to be drawn up: Traditional outreach focused on EFA; credit for this Strengthening ministry links for pre-service and inservice teacher education Creating bridges between researchers and policy makers; fostering new partnerships Instilling social responsibility for EFA among university students, e. g. UNILIT Higher education and sustainable development (environment, HIV/AIDS, equity, etc. )

Possible calls for action: Calling on ICTs to build knowledge societies Calling on international agencies and governments to recognize the role of universities and engage them in development agendas and EFA strategies Calling on strengthening university twinning Calling on special strategies for countries in special situations Calling on NGOs in Higher Ed and NGOs in EFA to work more closely together

An Agenda for Higher Education and EFA Collaboration Specific Proposals

Medieval times Higher Education Jomtien, 1990 Education for All Paris, 1998 Points of Interaction Emerging Paradigms Dakar, 2000

Emerging Paradigms • Causative Factors: – Globalization/interdependence: what is inevitable and what is avoidable – Complexity theory and the pace/nature of change – State, government, and systems inadequacies • The Need for New Paradigms: – Learning for equitable, sustainable interdependence • The Delors Vision: A Lifelong Learning Society

COLLEGES HIGH SCHOOLS YOUTH PRIMARY SCHOOLS STRUCTURED FUNCTIONAL SOCIETY

COLLEGES HIGH SCHOOLS YOUTH PRIMARY SCHOOLS === SOCIETY ===== SEGREGATED BY CLASSES

“SEAMLESS” LEARNING YOUTH AND ADULTS SPECIALIZED BASIC EDUCATION AND HIGHER EDUCATON STRUCTURED FUNCTIONAL SOCIETY

A LIFELONG LEARNING SOCIETY YOUTH AND ADULTS SPECIALIZED BASIC EDUCATION AND HIGHER EDUCATON STRUCTURED FUNCTIONAL SOCIETY

Medieval times Higher Education Jomtien, 1990 Education for All Paris, 1998 Points of Interaction Emerging Paradigms Dakar, 2000

Higher Education and Education for All Towards greater interaction and a new paradigm Georges Haddad Victor Ordonez November, 2004