High Performance Buildings and the Advanced Buildings Benchmark Design Guide Lee De. Baillie, P. E. - Energy Center of Wisconsin
What is High Performance? Human Needs Optimize Low Environmental Impact Economic Reality High Performance/Green/Sustainable www. ecw. org
What is High Performance? 90% of time indoors ASHRAE 62. 1 and 55 35% Total Energy 65% Electricity 35% US CO 2 ASHRAE 90. 1 Human Optimize Environmental Economic High Performance/Green www. ecw. org $228 Billion Energy $450 Billion US GDP ASHRAE 90. 1
What’s out there Standards, Codes, Rating Systems, Guides… Advanced Buildings Reference Guide ASHRAE Standard 90. 1 International Energy Conservation Code Advanced Buildings Benchmark ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide Series ASHRAE Green. Guide State Energy Codes Net Zero Buildings ASHRAE Standard 189 P Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Energy Star Buildings www. ecw. org Energy Policy Act of 2005
What’s out there Standards, Codes, State Codes - Energy Efficiency n ASHRAE 90. 1 n n Standard for Energy Efficient Design International Energy Conservation Code n n n International Code Council Easier to enforce, less flexible, allows 90. 1 State Energy Codes n WI: IECC 2000/90. 1 -1989/+Wisconsinisms n IL: IECC 2000+01/90. 1 -1999 (effective 4/8/06) n IA: IECC 2004/90. 1 -2004 (4/1/06 begin interim period; mandatory Oct 1 st) www. ecw. org
What’s out there Reference Guides…Energy Efficiency n ASHRAE Green. Guide n n n Targeted to HVAC designers Classic energy efficiency approaches ASHRAE 90. 1 User’s Manual n n n Detailed background on standard requirements Application guidance, fundamentals Advanced Buildings Reference Guide n www. poweryourdesign. com n Targeted to all building systems www. ecw. org
What’s out there Design Guides…Energy Efficiency n Advanced Buildings Benchmark n Mid-Sized Commercial Buildings n 15%-30% over 90. 1 -2001 n Simple design criteria, integrated design n ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide Series n Small Office: 30% over 90. 1 -1999, <20, 000 ft 2 n Small Retail soon: 30% over 90. 1 -1999, <20, 000 ft 2 n Medium Commercial in works: 30% over 90. 1 -2004 n One page of recommendations, integrated design www. ecw. org
www. ecw. org
What’s out there Miscellaneous… n Energy Star Buildings n n n Energy Efficiency Rating System www. energystar. gov Actual performance Energy Policy Act 2005 n n Commercial buildings 50% over 90. 1 -2001 n In service between 2006 -2007 n n $1. 80/ft 2 tax deduction – commercial Many details, see: www. efficientbuildings. org Net Zero Buildings n The future… www. ecw. org
What’s out there Rating Systems…Sustainability n Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) n n Sites/water/energy/materials/IEQ ASHRAE/USGBC/IESNA Standard 189 P: n Standard for the Design of High Performance Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings n New Committee – available in 2007 n “Code ready”…minimum performance n Baseline for High Performance Buildings n Borrows from LEED…LEED will drive higher www. ecw. org
What is Advanced Buildings? n A program to promote High Performance Buildings through training, tours, guidebooks, and website. n Developed by the New Buildings Institute and Energy Center of Wisconsin. n Sponsored by a group of 20 utilities, efficiency organizations, and public benefits programs around the country. n Program is used by utilities for energy efficient new construction programs (but any firm can use resources in-house). www. ecw. org
Focus of Advanced Buildings n Encourage and simplify the design of high performance buildings. n Focus on mid-sized commercial buildings (20, 000 -80, 000 ft 2). n Common types: office, education, retail, clinic, & storage. www. ecw. org
Attributes of Mid-Sized Commercial Buildings n Designed fast, built fast n Standardized designs, proven technologies n Too small to justify detailed energy studies, large enough to use lots of energy. n Discrete design among disciplines. n Owner or tenant occupied, or speculative shell. www. ecw. org
Website www. poweryourdesign. com www. ecw. org
Training, Tours, Virtual Tours www. poweryourdesign. com/trainingresources. htm www. ecw. org
The Guidelines n Benefits Guide - (Why do it) Making the business case for high performance buildings to owners and developers. n Benchmark - (What to do) Design guidelines. n Reference Guide - (How to do it) Detailed information on the design guidelines, recent research results, cost estimates, further resources. n LEED Guide - Relationship of Benchmark to the LEED rating system. Free at www. poweryourdesign. com www. ecw. org
Benchmark Design Guide www. ecw. org
USING THE BENCHMARK What to Do When to do it (Prescriptive Requirements) (The delivery process) • Documentation • Commissioning • Envelope • Mechanical • Lighting • Power Coordination www. ecw. org (Integrated Design)
Benchmark Follows the ideal sustainable design approach… On-site generation Net Zero g Benc Pr oc es s hma rk ve ry Benc De li hma rk Ene rgy Benc h Con mar k sum ptio n www. ecw. org in ion C om iss m ive s pt ent i cr es irem Pr qu Re ign es D ted ra teg In Commissioning Improve System Efficiency Reduce Loads
Benchmark Integrated Design www. ecw. org
TRADITIONAL PROCESS INTEGRATED DESIGN STRATEGY Owner Architecture Architect Engineer HVAC Owner Needs Contractors Owner www. ecw. org Site Lighting
Benchmark & Reference Guides Integrated Design n The Reference Guide provides an overview of integrated design from pre-design through acceptance. For each design phase there is a: n n Checklist of design issues n Discussion of important activities n n Design Process Flowchart Documentation requirements The Benchmark maps each performance requirement to the point in the design process where it needs to be addressed and by whom. This provides a ready list of technical issues to be resolved at each stage of the design process. www. ecw. org
Benchmark Prescriptive Requirements n Efficient Systems n Provides design criteria such as: RPrescriptive Criteria values, k. W/ton, W/ft 2, to 30% beyond (10% ASHRAE 90. 1) etc. n Also goal setting, documentation, and commissioning. Basic Criteria All Projects plus, either Simulation Criteria (30% and 50% beyond ASHRAE 90. 1) Extra Credit Criteria Acceptance Testing www. ecw. org
Basic - AIR BARRIER Air Barrier • Must be continuous • Air-tight • Connected to: Foundation and walls Walls and windows/doors Wall and roof Wall and floor • Penetrations sealed www. ecw. org
Prescriptive - Windows www. ecw. org
Prescriptive – Lighting Power www. ecw. org
Benchmark Economics n The Benchmark is based on cost-benefit analysis of energy savings measures across: n Mid-sized commercial building types such as office, big box retail, schools, supermarkets, etc. n All U. S. climate zones n National range of energy costs www. ecw. org
Top Number: Increased Capital Cost Bottom Number: Annual Energy Savings Office Building Economics $1. 07/sf $0. 39/sf/yr $. 98/sf $0. 38/sf/yr $1. 03/sf $0. 38/sf/yr 1. 06/sf $0. 38/sf/yr $1. 07/sf $0. 38/sf/yr $1. 00/sf $0. 37/sf/yr $1. 07/sf $0. 39/sf/yr $0. 67/sf $0. 41/sf/yr www. ecw. org $0. 91/sf $0. 39/sf/yr $0. 91/sf $0. 40/sf/yr $1. 03/sf $0. 40/sf/yr $0. 73/sf $0. 41/sf/yr
Economics - Office National Average - All building types, climates, utility rates Saves $0. 40/ft 2 in energy costs annually (relative to ASHRAE Standard 90. 1 -2001) For an additional $1. 00/ft 2 in capital cost. www. ecw. org
Benchmark and ASHRAE 90. 1 n Benchmark is simple – only 21 criteria must be satisfied. ASHRAE 90. 1 must be more flexible (and hence more complicated) to handle more building types. n Benchmark shoots higher. Total energy savings exceed ASHRAE 90. 1 -2001 by 15 -30 percent. n Benchmark provides information on how to do things. n Benchmark provides support for an integrated design process: when things should be considered and by whom. n Benchmark addresses additional energy systems such as plug loads and refrigeration. n The Reference Guide provides background, research, design, and cost information on implementing the energy savings measures. www. ecw. org
Benchmark and 90. 1 Office Building Prototype www. ecw. org
Point Distribution www. ecw. org
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Benchmark and LEED n Similar situation in LEED-NC v 2. 2 - now earn automatic point under EA for Benchmark compliance – can avoid building simulation. n The LEED Guide provides detailed information on mapping the Advanced Buildings requirements to potential LEED points. www. ecw. org
The Future… n Future Improvements to the Benchmark n Update to exceed ASHRAE 90. 1 -2004 n Provide more case studies n Provide more on HVAC and controls n Provide more field research results n Merge with ASHRAE Advanced Design Guide Series…? www. ecw. org
The Future… n Sustainable design market is opening to those who: n Can cross discipline boundaries. n Approach the building as an integrated system. n Can quickly evaluate and quantify design options and new technologies at an early stage of design. n Can manage the risk of new approaches. www. ecw. org
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Advanced Buildings www. poweryourdesign. com High Performance Building Case Studies www. advancedbuildings. net More on the tax credits www. energytaxincentives. org/TIAP_commercial-position_11 -14 -05. pdf Lee De. Baillie, P. E. Energy Center of Wisconsin ldebaillie@ecw. org 608 -238 -8276 x 111 www. ecw. org
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