HESS Status and future plans Dieter Horns Univ

HESS: Status and future plans Dieter Horns (Univ. Tübingen) on behalf of German Hermann (MPI-K, Heidelberg) for the HESS collaboration http: //www. mpi-hd. mpg. de/hess 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Status of German Hermann? ● View from his hotel room in Walvis Bay, Namibia ● He passes his greetings 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Update on the collaboration ● MPI-K, Heidelberg ● Durham University ● Humboldt Universität Berlin ● Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies ● Ruhr-Universität Bochum ● Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warsaw ● Universität Hamburg ● Jagiellonian University, Cracow ● Landessternwarte Heidelberg ● Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw ● Universität Tübingen ● Charles University, Prague ● Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau ● Yerevan Physics Institute ● Universités Paris VI-VII ● University of Namibia, Windhoek ● APC Paris ● North West University, Potchefstroom ● CEA Saclay ● Obsérvatoire Paris Meudon ● LAPP Annécy ● Université Grenoble ● Université Montpellier ● CERS Toulouse >100 Scientists from 24 institutes from 9 countries 5 institutes have joined recently for HESS Phase II 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

ROTSE 3 c robotical optical telescope Camera shelter Weather/atmospheric monitoring HESS I telescope Control building 120 m Security fence A tour of the site would also include: Guest houses, generator building, and lots of wild animals! 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Recent changes: ROTSE 3 c has been moved, ATOM telescope installed ● ATOM (Automatic Telescope for Optical Monitoring) – LSW Heidelberg, PI S. Wagner – – Multi-filter Photometry – Automated operation implementation in progress – ● 75 cm Alt-Az “Slave” operation with HESS ROTSE (Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment), PI Carl Akerlof – 45 cm, unfiltered fast telescope – Robotic operation – Monitoring Madison Blazars 28 -31 August 2006, of ~100 Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

HESS Phase I telescopes 960 PMT with Winston cones arranged in 60 drawers ●Sector based topological trigger (3>5. 3 p. e. within 1. 3 ns gate) ● 5° degree fov (1. 4 m) ●Signals read out via multiplexed dual channel analogue ring storage 1 Ghz (integrated in camera) ●Total weight 900 kg ●Multiple (>1) telescope, ~300 Hz coincidence required for system event read-out ● 20 t steel frame, f=15 m Alt-Azimuth mount, 100°/min References: <10” pointing uncertainty Telescope & opticalsystem 380 front aluminised glass mirror Bernlöhr et al. (2003), 2 mirror surface tiles=107 m Cornils et al. (2003) Camera: Camera shelter ● Single telescope: July 2002 ● Full four telescopes: December 2003 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Vincent et al. (2003), System trigger: Funk et al. (2004) Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Operational statistics ● ● Data taking started in July 2002, no shut-down Shifts with a crew of three: Total of ≈300 flights from Europe to Namibia >2 Mio km of travelling ● Total data taken (until July 2006)=3623 hrs (≈900 hrs/yr) ● Total amount of data stored: 18. 7 Tbyte ● Distribution centers: MPI-K Heidelberg, Data center in Lyon 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Processing of data ● ● Calibration: Pedestals, broken pixels, relative and absolute gain calibration (see Aharonian et al. 2004) Two independent calibration and analyses chains (with different flavors), for a comparison see astro-ph/0607247: – “Hillas”-type analyses – Model based analyses 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Performance (“Hillas” type analyses) ● Point-spread function: r 68=0. 08° per event ● Energy resolution: ΔE/E≈15% ● Point source sensitivity: 5σ detection astro-ph/0607333, A&A in press 1% Crab: 25 hours 5% Crab: 5 hours 10% Crab: 20 min 50% Crab: 1. 5 min 100% Crab: 0. 5 min Remember: HEGRA ->100 hrs for 5% Crab 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Energy threshold ● Energy threshold as expected from simulations 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Highlight results ● ● ● Blind survey of the Galactic plane: New and so far unidentified sources, Science 307, 1938 (2004) Discovery of gamma-rays from an XRB system Science 309, 746, 2005 Low level of O/NIR EBL Nature 440, 1018 (2006) Gamma-rays from the Galactic Ridge Nature 439 695 (2006) Gamma-ray image from RXJ 1713 Nature 432, 75 (2004) See also the following talks by Berrie Giebels (Extragalactic observations) and DH (Galactic sources) 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

● Aims: HESS Phase II – – Achieve overlap in energy (and time) with GLAST – ● Extending the energy threshold to ~10 -20 Ge. V Improving the sensitivity at 100 Ge. V Approach: – Increase mirror size to 600 m 2 (equiv. 28 m⊘, 560 t steel frame) – Increase focal length to 36 m – Decrease pixel size to 0. 07° (fov=3. 17°, >2 t camera) – Use well-established HESS Phase I type electronics – Combine a single telescope with the 4 Phase I telescopes 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Artist's impression ^ 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Structure in more details: Mirror dish ● Structure designed by MAN ● Parabolic dish (time dispersion) ● Adjustable Hexagonal mirror tiles ● 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Achieve similar optical performance as HESS Phase I CTs Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Camera design & electronics ● Diameter of 2. 5 m ● 2048 pixels in 128 drawers ● ● ● 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin 99 overlapping sectors (64 pixels each) 2. 5 -3 t weight Focussing (10 cm shift) Read-out with “SAM”: Swift Analogue memory at 1 GHz (improved version of the ARS) Level 1 trigger at 3 k. Hz Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Expected performance of HESS Phase II Based upon simulations verified with HESS Phase I 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Punch et al. (2006) Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Physics with HESS Phase II ● ● Study gamma-ray emission from pulsar magnetosphere Gamma-ray emission from XRBs Explore the high redshift universe: AGNs, Radio-Galaxies, GRBs Indirect Dark matter search 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Status of HESS Phase II ● ● ● Steel construction has started, finished by spring 2007 Installation of camera end of 2007/2008 Phase II operational well within the beginning of the GLAST (second half of 2008) 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

News from German: Steel construction, Aug 2006 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

Backup 28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen

28 -31 August 2006, Madison Wisconsin Dieter Horns – University of Tübingen