Heritage Conservation in Australia An Examination of the

Heritage Conservation in Australia: An Examination of the Legislative Framework Lynne Armitage, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia & Janine Irons, Curtin University, Perth, Australia

1. INTRODUCTION Ø Community and governments Ø Objectives of paper – Structures and frameworks – Where, why, what Ø Perspectives of – – Value: market value Heritage focus: built heritage Geographic context: urban metropolitan Property class: single unit detached dwelling – Statutory listing perspective: City of Fremantle Heritage List 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

LOCATION OF STUDY AREA Milan Fremantle ____ 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

2. CONTEXT Ø Tools for identification and management – Listing/designation/registration Ø Implications for land owners – On property value – Legal obligations? Statutory or non-statutory control – Variable impact – Public versus private good Ø Research focus – Policy and regulatory aspects – 3 -tiers of Australian government 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

3. STATUTORY LISTING Ø International and community roots – Athens Charter, Venice Charter – Australian ICOMOS – Burra Charter – National Trust; Fremantle Society Ø Federal leadership – Australian Heritage Council (AHC) Act 1975 establishing Register of the National Estate – Hierarchy: 1. world/national significance = federal 2. state significance = state responsibility 3. local significance – delegated by state to local gov’t 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

3. STATUTORY LISTING Ø Issues in Western Australia – Variety of registers • Table 1 in full paper refers • One international; 3 national; 4 state; 2 at LGA level – Scale of listing • Across Australia 170, 000 listed heritage places, 90% being listed at LGA level • In WA about 17, 200 properties are listed, with only 1, 200 (approx 7%) being at the state level (WAPC) 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

NATIONAL HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

4. STATUTORY LISTING NATIONAL LEVEL Ø National and Commonwealth Heritage lists – Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999 – National list ‘outstanding heritage value’: e. g. Sydney Opera House; Great Barrier Reef; Sydney Harbour Bridge; Old Parliament House, Canberra; Uluru (Ayers Rock) – Anyone can nominate a place for inclusion; then assessed by Australian Heritage Council – Civil and criminal penalties for unauthorised actions – Evaluation criteria include: aesthetic, historic, scientific or social significance such as rare or endangered features; association with significant people; spiritual association; importance for Indigenous tradition 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

STATE HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

5. STATUTORY LISTING STATE LEVEL Ø Heritage of Western Australia Act (HWA) 1990 - Administered by Heritage Council of WA : State register for the recognition, management and protection of places - Over 1, 200 entries – mainly individual properties but some precincts; split of land uses; most are residential 28% with commercial, education or government all about 20% each - Registration criteria: cultural heritage significance or special interest associated with cultural heritage - Factors considered include: distinctive features; scarcity; unity of design; beauty; or by association with historic person, event, discovery; scientific or other contribution to knowledge 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

LOCAL HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

6. STATUTORY LISTING LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL Ø The third – local - tier of government - Municipal Heritage Inventories (MHIs) required under Sec 45 HWA Act - Local threshold of merit for assessment mirrors State Register - Limited statutory protection mainly via local planning schemes under Sec 26 of the WA Planning and Development Act 2005 - State Planning Policy 3. 5 (SPP 3. 5) Historic Heritage Conservation manages the sensitive interface of heritage protection and development pressure of heritage places - A Model Scheme Text (MST) provides LGAs with guidance for their planning schemes re heritage management issues 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

SAMPLE SUMMARY MHI ENTRY 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Ø Objectives of paper – Structures and frameworks governing heritage listing system – Legislative system: 3 -tiers, following government – Robust, flexible system: promotes certainty – Complementary costs: burden falls on individual owners – Further study (recently completed) will identify the impact on price through empirical research – survey of Fremantle – listed vs non-listed dwellings 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE