HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE EU Van Nellefabriek, Rotterdam 1929 Architect Sara Van Rompaey Order of Architects Belgium UIA Heritage Work Programme, Region I sara. vanrompaey@skynet. be
HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE EU AGENDA 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART 2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
AGENDA 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART 2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART • Legislation and Directives • “Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved? ” Middelburg (Nl. ), 2009
Legislation and Directives • Kyoto (1997 – 2005) / Copenhagen (2009) / Cancun (2010) • EU targets of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to be met by 2020: – 20% compared to 1990 levels – 20% increase in energy efficiency – 20% share of renewable energy in overall EU energy consumption • EPDB Directive 2002 • Recast EPDB 2010: – Protected heritage – Historic buildings 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART
Legislation and Directives EPDB Directive 2002 – minimum requirements for new buildings and for major rehabilitation / refurbishment of buildings – requirements for energy production and distribution – introducing energy certification Officially protected buildings: National exeptions Villa Noailles, Hyères (Fr. ) 1925 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART
Legislation and Directives Recast EPDB 2010: – minimum energy performance requirements also for the renovated building elements – System requirements, intelligent metering, active control systems, regular inspection – EPC when a building is constructed, sold or rented School Bottelare (B), 1907 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART
Legislation and Directives Recast EPDB 2010: Member States of the EU now in the process of implementing Exceptions: Protected heritage and historic buildings 1. “in so far as minimum energy performance requirements would unacceptably alter their character or appearance” 2. “buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities”. Level of the requirements is set by the individual Member States: “Try to get involved!” (Belgium: exceptions for street facade of historic non-protected buildings) 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-
“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved? ” • Historic buildings (pre 1945) form the core and the image of many European cities • 10% of building stock • Urgent need for refurbishment and renovation to bring these buildings to EU energy efficiency standards • Respect for the main features and cultural value of historic buildings Tavira (P), 2011 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART
“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved? ” • Challenge: – Wall insulation – Window improvement • Solution? No Sofia (Bg), 2010 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART
“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved? ” • Challenge: – Insulation – Window improvement • Solution? No, irreversible damage Marseille (Fr), 2012 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART
“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved? ” • Challenge: – 18 th century stucco ceiling • Solution? No 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART
“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved? ” • Challenge: – Door 1760 – 1960 Central heating – Air transport eliminated • Solution? No 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART
“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved? ” Before irreversible damage is done, concerted actions, based on sound science, are needed to protect, strengthen and adapt Europe’s unique cultural patrimony Budapest, 2011 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART
AGENDA 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART 2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE “The most sustainable building is the one which is already built. ” • Sustainable materials • Sustainable energy use • Waste management
Sustainable materials: long life, original, renewable Parsonage Lemberge (B), 2009 Parsonage Lemberge (B), 1900 2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE
Sustainable energy use: construction concept, local, renewable energy sources Water mill, Argoules (Fr. ), 2010 2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE
Waste management: recuperation of materials 2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE
AGENDA 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART 2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES “We need a methodology”: CASE STUDY 1 • Value assessment • Strategies: Readability old / new Minimum interventions Reversible interventions
Value assessment We need a methodology How to find a necessary balance between conservation and evolution? • The Netherlands: DU-MO-calculation model • Hungary: methodology "Value-based development program analysis" by Mr Ernő Kálmán, President Association of Hungarian Architects • EUROPE: CEN EPBD Standard methodology will be further harmonised 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES
Value assessment The Netherlands: DU-MO-calculation model DU-MO profile has 2 parts: DU= sustainability index (=DUurzaamheid) MO= MOnument coefficient The MO-coefficient is first of all defined by heritage specialists; only then the DU-index and the level of energy upgrade is decided Case study 1: VAN NELLE fabriek in Rotterdam (Nl) (=Protected topmonument) Case study 2: MANOR house Geraardsbergen (B) (= not protected heritage) 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES
Value assessment Case study 1: VAN NELLEFABRIEK in Rotterdam (Nl) (=Protected topmonument) high MO, lower DU Van Nellefabriek (coffee, tea and tobacco from the colonies) dating from 1925 -1931, restoration by architect Wessel De Jonge 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES
Value assessment Case study 2: MANOR HOUSE Geraardsbergen (B) (= not protected heritage) lower MO, higher DU More energy upgrading measures are possible 19 th century manor house of the Director of a textile factory. 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES
Value assessment Case study 1: VAN NELLEFABRIEK high Mo-coefficient and a lower DU-index: the historical, esthetic and heritage value is very high. The monument can hardly be touched and may have lower energy performances. 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES
Strategies Readability old / new Sustainable office building in a monument: box-in-a-box principle Smart alternatives were found to create an acceptable inner climate without touching the heritage values. 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES
Strategies Minimum interventions Window frames in steel and single glazing cannot be removed or touched. 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES
Strategies Reversible interventions Interior windows in between the concrete columns: reversible and can be taken away without damage to the columns, floors or ceilings. Distance of 1 m with an intermediate climate which blocks the cold. 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES
AGENDA 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART 2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
4. CURRENT POSSIBLITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING “We need new solutions”: CASE STUDY 2 • Insulation • Energy supply: heating and hot water • Ventilation
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: WALLS External insulation • Challenge: – Keep esthetic value – Insulate – Cost effectiveness • Solution: no – Energy efficient coatings and mortars? 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: WALLS External insulation • Challenge: – Keep esthetic value: bricks – Insulate – Cost effectiveness • Solution: no – Lime painting – Radiation selective coating? 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: WALLS Internal insulation • Challenge: – Internal condensation – Change damp-openess 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: WALLS Internal insulation • Solution: – No: facades – Yes: attic 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: ROOF • Challenge: – Keep valuable wooden beams – Insulate 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: ROOF • Solution: yes 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: FLAT ROOFS • Challenge: – Insulate • Solution: yes 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: WINDOWS Window improvement • Challenge: – Keep valuable wooden frame and single glazing – Insulate – Cost effectiveness 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: WINDOWS Window improvement • Possible solutions: – New interior window – Insulating film – Reflective curtains, shutters, blinds 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: WINDOWS Window improvement: glass • Challenge: – Keep valuable wooden frames – Single glazing – Insulate – Cost effectiveness 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: WINDOWS Window improvement: glass • Solutions: – New double glazing 1. 3 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: WINDOWS Window improvement: glass • Other solutions: - High insulation single glass (Van Ruysdael) 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: WINDOWS Window replacement • Challenge: – – Rotten wooden frames Single glazing Cost effectiveness Ventilation • Solution: yes 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: FLOORS • Challenge: – Keep plaster decoration – Preserve valuable terrazo floors & old doors – Thermic & acoustic isolation 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 INSULATION: FLOORS • Solutions: partially 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 ENERGY SUPPLY: HEATING AND HOT WATER • Challenge: – No central heating • Solution: yes – Central heating low temperature, condensation – Reversible installation • Other solutions: Alternative energy: solar, wind? 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2 VENTILATION • Challenge: – Preserve valuable details • Solution: yes – Ventilation in new windows – Mechanical ventilations bathrooms 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING
AGENDA 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART 2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE 3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES 4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH Renovation of the existing building stock and energy efficiency improvement of historic buildings = priority in the European research agenda • • • 3 ENCULT JPI LINKS (URBACT) Renovate Europe CEN TC/346
www. 3 encult. eu Efficient ENergy for EU Cultural Heritage • bridges the gap between conservation of historic buildings and climate protection: active and passive solutions. • Demonstrates the feasibility of “Factor 4” to “Factor 10” reduction in energy demand, based on the case and heritage value. • Will show to reduce energy demand in historic buildings. 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
www. 3 encult. eu • Bolzano/Bozen (Italy) • Thermography of the Public Weigh House in Bolzano (It) (Italy) • Will work on innovative solutions for conservation and energy-efficient refurbishment. • 8 demonstration sites • Deliverables: – – Handbook with design guidelines for planners University and professionals training Presentation at conferences Publications in journals 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
www. jpi-culturalheritage. eu Joint Programming Initiative Research into strategies, methodologies and tools to safeguard cultural heritage against continuous decay. 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
www. jpi-culturalheritage. eu Before irreversible damage is done, action is needed to allow Member States to maximize and exploit at best their research efforts. In each country: National Consultation Panel of 12 experts is been formed now. “Architects, try to join the NCP in your country. ” 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
www. urbact. eu Enables cities • to work together on major urban challenges • to develop pragmatic solutions • to share good practices 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
www. urbact. eu Lead partner: City of BAYONNE “ECO-RESTORATION” - Improve quality of life in old centres - Create a comfortable, affordable and sustainable housing seeking out a good balance between preservation requirement and evolution need. 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
RENOVATE EUROPE Campaign www. renovate-europe. eu Euro. ACE (European Alliance of Companies for Energy Efficiency in Buildings) Ambitious roadmap: • • raise the yearly renovation rate to 3% in Europe by 2020 achieve an improvement in energy performance of ~ 80% 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
www. cen. eu CEN/TC 346 - Standards now under development Conservation of Cultural Property • guidelines for improving energy efficiency of architecturally, culturally or historically valuable buildings while preserving their inherent cultural heritage values. • CEN Standard for Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings: draft Feasibility study now (02/2012) sent around for comments. 5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH
CONCLUSIONS • We will get a DSS, decision support system, a METHODOLOGY for the energy performance upgrade of historic buildings • We will get NEW SOLUTIONS: non-invasive, reversible and cost-effective new technologies and systems • We need EDUCATION: CPD in the field of sustainable heritage
Thank you! Architect Sara Van Rompaey Order of Architects Belgium UIA Heritage Work Programme, Region I sara. vanrompaey@skynet. be
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