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Proper names articles
- With the names of oceans, seas, rivers and canals - With the names of deserts
The - With the names of ships - With the names of Hotels - With the names of English and American newspapers and magazines
Zero article (=no article) Continents and countries Mountains Villages, towns and cities Streets, roads Kings, popes
“If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again. ” What does this saying mean?
Be able to do something – to have the ability, opportunity, time, etc. to do something. Ex: Will you be able to come to the meeting next week? What other verb is similar to?
Read about three people who have tried (but failed) to learn something, and complete the texts with A-G. A I was able to B Not being able to C I just wasn’t able to D I will never be able to E I would suddenly be able to F I’ve always wanted to be able to G we would never be able to
Can/ could/ be able to (ability and possibility) Can / Could • Can is a modal verb. It only has a present form ( which can be used with future meaning) and a past or conditional form (could). • For all other tenses and forms we use be able to + infinitive Be able to + infinitive • For ability and possibility, especially where there is no form of can : future, present perfect, infinitive and gerund, etc. • We sometimes use be able to in the present and past (instead of can/could), usually if we want to be more formal.
Look at the topics. Choose two of them and think about what you could say for them.
Reflexive pronouns Singular: myself - yourself - himself herself - itself Plural: ourselves - yourselves themselves
We use a reflexive pronoun: • as a direct object when the object is the same as the subject of the verb: I am teaching myself to play the piano. Be careful with that knife. You might cut yourself. We can use a reflexive pronoun as direct object with most transitive verbs, but these are the most common: amuse blame cut hurt introduce kill dry enjoy prepare satisfy help teach
We do not use a reflexive pronoun after verbs which describe things people usually do for themselves, such as wash, shave, dress: • He washed [himself] in cold water. • He always shaved [himself] before going out in the evening. • Michael dressed [himself] and got ready for the party. We only use reflexives with these verbs for emphasis: • He dressed himself in spite of his injuries. • She’s old enough to wash herself.
• as indirect object when the indirect object is the same as the subject of the verb: • Would you like to pour yourself a drink. • We’ve brought ourselves something to eat. • as the object of a preposition when the object refers to the subject of the clause: • They had to cook for themselves. • He was feeling very sorry for himself.
A transitive verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like kick, want, paint, write, eat, clean, etc. Second, it must have a direct object, something or someone who receives the action of the verb.
Let’s paraphrase the following sentences
Let’s do the work. Let’s not request anyone’s help. Let’s do the work ourselves. 1. He is only ten. He washes his clothes. He doesn’t ask his mother to wash them for him. 2. The farmer sowed the seeds. He did not hire anyone. 3. We should train our boys to wash their clothes. We should not ask the maidservant to do it. 4. My father takes me to the school. He does not let anyone else do it. 5. The principal came to the class to make the announcement. He did not send anyone. 6. Our Manager called me to give the news. He did not ask anyone to do it. 7. I generally proofread my letters and documents. I don’t ask anyone to do it for me.
Thank you for the lesson!