Health Disaster Management Hamid Reza Khankeh RN

Health Disaster Management • Hamid Reza Khankeh RN, MS, Phd • Assistance Professor at USWR E-mail: hrkhankeh@hotmail. com

“YOU CAN’T CHANGE THE WIND BUT YOU MUST ADJUST THE SAILS TO STEER THE SHIP TOWARDS THE DESIRED END”

• ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺭ گﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺩﻭ ﺑﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎپﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﺦ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪ آﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ 1. ﺑﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ، ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺟﻨگﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ، ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺟﻨگ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ 2. ﺑﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺎﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺳﻮﺍﻧﺢ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ

ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﺻﻄﻼ ﺣﺎﺕﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻼ Definitions of disaster related terms ﻳﺎ • ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ: Crisis • ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻲ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ • ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪآﺴﻴﺐ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ؛ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ؛ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﺕ آﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ. • ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍگﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻭﺭژﺎﻧﺲ ﺷﻮﺩ.

What is Disaster? • A disaster (from Middle French désastre, from Old Italian disastro, from the Greek pejorative prefix disbad + aster star) is the impact of a natural or manmade hazard that negatively affects society or environment. The word disaster's root is from astrology: this implies that when the stars are in a bad position a bad event will happen. (Quarantelli EL. 1998)

ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ Disaster ﺑﻼﻳﺎ: ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ • ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺉ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺩ؛ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕآﻨﺴﺖ. • ﻫﺮ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺨﺘﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ پﺎﺳﺨﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﺴﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. • ﻧﺎگﻬﺎﻧﻲ؛ ﺑﻪﺷﺪﺕﻣﺨﺮﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ) ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕﻣﺎﻧﺪگﺎﺭ(

3 Singapore Czech Republic Slovenia 4 Zeeland 6 Children dying before age 5 per 1000 live births (log) Norway Japan Spain. Italy. France Cyprus. Greece Belgium Denmark Portugal Austria South Korea New Germany Switzerland 5 10 MIDDLE Chile Costa Rica Latvia Macedonia St Lucia Bulgaria Bosnia Mauritius Serbia Uruguay Ukraine Albania Colombia Vietnam Thailan d Tunisia G Jordan Ecuador El Salvador Peru Philippines Armenia Vanuatu Dominican R. Egypt Cape Verde Nicaragua Iran Indonesia Myanmar 50 60 Nepal 70 Eritrea 80 Laos 100 Myanmar North Korea India Uzbekistan Kyrgyz Rep. Bangla desh Comoros Timor-L. Suda n Bolivia Tajikistan. Tome Gambia Madagasca Mauritania Tanzania r Iraq Uganda Togo Zimbabwe. Kenya Cambodia Senegal Ethiopia Mozambiqu Guinea Benin e Ivory Burkina Zambia Coas Faso Guineat Malawi Central Bissau African. R. Chad Congo D. R. Rwanda Somalia Liberia Niger Mali Afghanistan Sierra Leone 300 100 Money 200 300 Nigeria Chad 500 Iran Bhutan Burundi 200 Guyana Bahrain Bahamas Kuwait Oman Trinidad & Tobago Qatar Mexico Saudi Arabia Turkey Population Brazil (millions) Belize Algeria Regions Americas Arab states Asia & Pacific Europe Sub-Saharan Africa South Africa Gabon Turkmenistan Congo Rep. Botswana Djibouti Cameroon Swaziland Equatorial Guinea Angola 1 000 1 10 1 000 Namibia Azerbaijan <1 100 Kazakhstan Lesotho Papua N. G. Yemen Ghana Haiti Sao Suriname Brunei Barbados Panama Lebanon USA Emirates Hungary Honduras Guatemala Morocco Georgia Maldives Mongolia Solomon Islands Samoa Libya Fiji Tonga 40 Argentina Venezuela Romania Jamaica Grenad a St Vincent & China Moldova Paraguay Malaysia Ireland Australia Luxembur g UK Canada United Arab. Netherlands Israel HIGH Estonia Slovakia Belarus Syria 30 Lithuania Poland Sri Lanka 20 Malta Croatia Cuba LOW 7 8 Health Finland Iceland Sweden 2 000 3 000 5 000 10 000 Gross National Income per capita in US dollar, exchange rate (log) Data for 2004: World Bank & UNICEF, estimates in italic © hans. rosling@ki. se 20070123 20 000 50 000

What is a disaster ? • • Media Sudden dramatic events Needs > Resources – Daily life for very many in poor countries • WHO “the result of a vast ecological breakdown in the relationships between man and his environment, a serious and sudden (or slow, as in drought) disruption on such a scale that the stricken community needs extraordinary efforts to cope with it, often with outside help or international aid”

Disaster categorisation ONSET § § § Sudden Slow Mixed CAUSE § Natural § Man made § Mixed Complex emergencies

Sudden Impact Disaster Life situation of the population Disaster event ”Normality” Difficult situation Disaster situation Situation out of control Worst possible situation Time

Slow Impact Disaster Life situation of the population Disaster events ”Normality” Difficult situation Disaster situation Situation out of control Worst possible situation Time

Complex humanitarian emergency Life situation of the population Disaster events ”Normality” Difficult situation Disaster situation Situation out of control Worst possible situation Time

Outcome of the disaster depend on a number of factors • • • Context Type, location, intensity of disaster Number of affected Vulnerabilities and coping National and international humanitarian assistance

Disaster context • Economic and political situation – Capacities – Resources • Geography • Type of affected population – Refugees – City

Key factors associated with complex humanitarian emergencies Political weak state Lack of governance Economical collapse Food shortage Social Collapse of society Cultural Ethnical tension Discrimination Position of woman

Vulnerability and Coping The capacity to cope in a new situation depends on; • Financial situation • Health & Nutritional situation • Enviroment • Experience and capacity • Vulnerable groups

آﺴﻴﺐ پﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ • • • ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ پﺮ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﺮ گﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ گﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ

ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑﻼ ﻳﺎ Type of disaster n n n ﺑﻼﻳﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ)ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺪﺍ؛ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ؛. . . ( ﺑﻼﻳﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻴﻚ )ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﺍﺕ؛آﻠﻮﺩگﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ؛. . . ( ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﻢ

Disaster strikes VULNERABILITY DISASTER HAZARD

آﺴﻴﺐ پﺬﻳﺮﻱ Vulnerability n آﺴﻴﺐ پﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺪگﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ.

ﺩﺭﻣﻌﺮﺽﺑﻮﺩﻥ n Exposure ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ؛ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ: ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ؛گﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ.

ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﻠﻴﻪ n Disaster Risk ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﺑﺪ) ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ؛آﺴﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ( ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ آﺴﻴﺐ پﺬﻳﺮ.

Concepts: Disaster Risk = Function (Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability)

l 1. 2. 3. 4. ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ: ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ گﺴﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ گﺴﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ گﺴﻞ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ l 1. 2. 3. 4. آﺴﻴﺐ پﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ • ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ: ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ

ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻊ گﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ آﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ 02 ﺳﺎﻝ گﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻼﻳﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺮگ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 3 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺯﺧﻤﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ 008 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. .

آﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﺦ l ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ 7891 ﺗﺎ 6991 ﻣﻴﺎﻧگﻴﻦ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻼﻳﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻲ 041 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ 07 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ آﻦ ﺩﺭ آﺴﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.

Natural Disaster Impacts

Natural Disaster Losses

l ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 0002 ﺑﻼیﺎی ﺑیﺸﺘﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎی ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ آﻦ گﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. l ﺩﺭ 01 ﺳﺎﻝ گﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﻼیﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 00002 ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ. l ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 4002 ﺳﻮﻧﺎﻣی ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺮگ ﺑیﺶ ﺍﺯ 000052 ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺷﺪ. l ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯﺍی ﻫﺮ ﻧﻔﺮ کﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﻼیﺎ کﺸﺘﻪ ﻣی ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑیﺶ ﺍﺯ 057 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ ﻣی ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﺧﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ آﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ گﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ l ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﺍﺯ 04 ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻼﻳﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ 43 ﻣﻮﺭﺩ آﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻣﻲپﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ l ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﺰﺀ 01 ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻼﺧﻴﺰ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ 09 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ آﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ l آﺴﻴﺐ پﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ 0001ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ آﻤﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ 001 ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ژﺎپﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ. l ﺩﺭ 01 ﺳﺎﻝ گﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑیﺶ ﺍﺯ 0004 ﻧﻔﺮ کﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑیﺶ ﺍﺯ 00055 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﻼیﺎ آﺴیﺐ ﺩیﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ. l ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎی گﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺮ 5 ﺳﺎﻝ یک ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺧیﻠی ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺩﺭ ﺍیﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.

Bam before earthquake

l Focusing on natural disaster what happened On 26 December 2003 in Iran ? ? ?

Bam after earthquake

l. A severe earthquake of nearly 6. 5 on the Richter scale hit the city of Bam in the Kerman Province of Iran, destroying approximately 90% of the houses and at least 60% of the public buildings, including two hospitals. More than 27 000 persons were killed, and over 50 000 were injured.

Area of Information Needs with Onset of the Emergency

آﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﺦ l ﻃﻲ 09 ﺳﺎﻝ گﺬﺷﺘﻪ 000051 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﻼﻳﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ. 76 l ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ 6 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭ 81 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﻼﻳﺎ

Death & Injuries In Earthquakes l Gilan & Zanjan (1990): 40, 000 o Qazvin (2002): 200 o Bam (2003): 27, 000 o Zarand (2005): 612 o Lorestan (2006): 66

آﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﺦ l ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 086 ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ 3 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ l ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺧﺸﻚ 05 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﺪ

ﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﻴﺰﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻼ ﺍﺳﺖ!

ﺳﻴﻞ _ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ

Area of Information Needs with Onset of the Emergency

ﺑﻢ ﻫﻨگﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ. ﻋﻜﺲ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ

ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﻼﻳﺎ ﺳﻼ 1. ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ 2. ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺳﻼ ﻏﻴﺮ

ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪپﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ 1. 2. ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺮگ ﻭﻣﻴﺮ ﺟﻠﻮگﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱﺑﺎﺯگﺸﺖ ﺑﻪﺣﺎﻟﺖﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻲﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪآﺴﻴﺐﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻼ ﻧﻮﻉﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥﺑﺴﺘگﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.

ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ – ﺷﻤﺎﻝ – ﺳﺎﻝ 96 ﺳﻴﻞ – ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ گﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﻞ – ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮچﺴﺘﺎﻥ

ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺸﺘﺮک ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ n n ﺑﻼیﺎ ﺑیﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﻠیﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺛیﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺘی آﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﺑﻌﻀی ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺛیﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻼیﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﻪ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎپﺬیﺮ ﺗﺎﺛیﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌی ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟی ﺩﺭ یک ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺥ ﻧﻤی ﺩﻫﺪ. ﺩﺭﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻼیﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎ ﻧیﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻣکﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺳکﺎﻥ؛ﻏﺬﺍ ﻭ. . . ﻧیﺴﺖ.

ﻣﺸکﻼﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺘی ﻣﺸﺘﺮک ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻼیﺎ n n n n ﻭﺍکﻨﺶ ﻫﺎی ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋی ﺑیﻤﺎﺭی ﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﺮی ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎیی ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ گﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧیﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﺬیﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧیﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ آﺐ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘی ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ آﺐ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ آﺴیﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺯیﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺳﻼﻣﺘی

آﺘﺶ ﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨگﻠﻲ

n Crisis management involves identifying a crisis, planning a response to the crisis and confronting and resolving the crisis. ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎیی ﻭ ﺗﻌییﻦ یک n ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ؛ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭیﺰی ﺑﺮﺍی پﺎﺳﺦ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍی . کﻨﺘﺮﻝ آﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ

The main principle is to prevent and protect individuals against the risk rather than to rescue them from the debris. پیﺸگیﺮی ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮیﻦﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺍﺯﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞﺧﻄﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﺟﺎیﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺯیﺮ آﻮﺍﺭ

• Research suggests that: • The lack of National disaster plan • Lack of coordination • And lack of equipping health care facilities for times of natural disasters are major barriers to the success of a response all over the world, especially in developing countries such as Iran.

n ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻼﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﺘگﻲ ﺑﻪ پﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻼﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ گﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ

یﺎ 1. 2. 3. ﺑﻼ ﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻼ Disaster response Disaster preparedness Disaster Mitigation ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ پﺎﺳﺦ آﻤﺎﺩگی کﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ n n n

Risk reduction phase before a disaster Disaster impact Preparedness Response Rehabilitation Mitigation Reconstruction Recovery Phase After A Disaster

آﻤﺎﺩگی ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻼیﺎ n ﻫﺪﻑ آﻤﺎﺩگی ﺍﻃﻤیﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳیﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ؛ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ؛ ﻭﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺑﻠیﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﻣیﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗی ﺳﺮیﻊ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺍی آﺴیﺐ ﺩیﺪگﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻬیﻞ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺒﺨﺸی ﺍﺳﺖ.

آﻤﺎﺩگی ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻼیﺎ n n n n Evaluate the risk Adopt standards and regulations Organize communication, information and warning systems Ensure coordination and response mechanisms Ensure that financial and other resources are available Develop public education programs Organize disaster simulation exercises Coordinate information sessions with news media ﺍﺭﺯیﺎﺑی ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠیﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧیﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ , ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫی ﺳیﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃی ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗی ﺍﻃﻤیﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣکﺎﻧیﺴﻢ ﻫﺎی پﺎﺳﺦ ﻭﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨگی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻃﻤیﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟی ﻭ ﻏیﺮ ﻣﺎﻟی آﻤﻮﺯﺵ ﻫﻤگﺎﻧی ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻧﻮﺭﻫﺎی ﺷﺒﻪ ﺳﺎﺯی ﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨگی ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗی ﺑﺎ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ n n n n

Disaster Mitigation n It is impossible to prevent the occurrence of most natural hazards, but it is possible to minimize or mitigate their damaging effects. Mitigation measures aim to reduce the vulnerability of the system( by improving and enforcing building codes) attempt to reduce the magnitude of the hazard. (by diverting the flow of a river). پیﺸگیﺮی ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺑﻼیﺎی ﻃﺒیﻌی ﺗﻘﺮیﺒﺎ ﻏیﺮ ﻣﻤکﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟی ﻣی ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﺛیﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷی ﺍﺯ ﺑﻼیﺎ ﺭﺍ کﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ. ﺑﺎ کﺎﻫﺶ آﺴیﺐ پﺬیﺮی ﺳیﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ یﺎ کﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭگی ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ ﺍیﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣی . گﺮﺩﺩ n

Disaster Response n During the disaster response phase coordinate all activities to reduce the loss of life and property and protect the integrity of health services. ﺩﺭ ﺍیﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ کﺎﻫﺶ آﺴیﺐ ﺟﺎﻧی ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟی ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻤﺎﻣیﺖ ﺳیﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﻼﻣﺘی . ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨگ ﻣی گﺮﺩﺩ n

ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻨﺴﻮﻥ )5002 ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﺳﺖ ( ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ آﻤﺎﺩگﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺑﻼﻳﺎ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨگﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨگ، ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ.

ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨگی n Coordination involves the systematic analysis of an emergency situation and available resources and the provision of relevant information to organizations on the most effective actions to meet specific objectives. ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨگی ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠیﻞ ﺳیﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗیک ﻭ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻣﻮﻗﻌیﺖ ﺍﻭﺭژﺎﻧﺲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻣیﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧیﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎی . ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣی ﺑﺎﺷﺪ n

1. 2. 3. 4. ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧی کﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻠیﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍیﺮﺍﻥ ﺑیﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ کﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻠیﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍیﺮﺍﻥ ﺑیﺸﺘﺮیﻦ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣیﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍیﺠﺎﺩ ﻣی کﻨﺪ کﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻠیﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍیﺮﺍﻥ ﺑیﺸﺘﺮیﻦ ﺍﺳیﺐ ﻣﺎﻟی ﺭﺍ ﺍیﺠﺎﺩ کﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺍی ﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگی 5. 6 ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘیﺎﺱ ﺭیﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ 6 ﺻﺒﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺑیﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﻤﺎ چﻪ ﻣﺸکﻼﺗی ﺍیﺠﺎﺩ ﻣی ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺒﺮیﺪ.

ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ گﺮﻣﺘﺎﻥ