Health care and health system comparison Diah Ayu

Health care and health system comparison Diah Ayu Puspandari

Mengapa perlu perbandingan?

Mengapa perlu perbandingan? Informasi untuk kebijakan publik Perbaikan Benchmarks high performance • OECD project initiated in 2002 that aims to measure and compare the quality of health service provision across countries. Data on drug utilization and prices, as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prices, from other sources were also included.

Fungsi Pemerintah Sumber Pembiayaan Fungsi sektor swasta Australia Regionally administered, joint (national & state) public hospital funding; universal public medical insurance program (Medicare) General tax revenue; earmarked income tax ~47. 3% buy complementary (e. g. , private hospital and dental care, optometry) and supplementary coverage (increased choice, faster access for nonemergency services, rebates for selected services) Canada Regionally administered universal Provincial/federal general tax revenue ~67% buy complementary public insurance program that plans coverage for noncovered benefits and funds (mainly private) (e. g. , private rooms in hospitals, provision drugs, dental care, optometr China Supervision by health authorities (Health and Family Planning Commissions) at the national, provincial and local levels; some direct provision through public ownership of hospitals There are three main publicly financed health insurance types with local-area risk-pooling: urban employer-based (mainly payroll taxes, formally employed urban residents), urban resident basic (mainly government funded, for urban nonemployed residents), and rural cooperative medical scheme (government-funded, for rural residents) Complementary to cover costsharing and gaps, as well as better health care quality and/or higher reimbursements. No data on coverage, but growth has been rapid.

Eduardo Banzon presentation, Ina. HEA 2016

Fungsi Pemerintah US Sumber Pembiayaan Fungsi sektor swasta Medicare: age 65 and older, some disabled; Medicaid: some low-income; for those without employer coverage, state-level insurance exchanges with income-based subsidies; insurance coverage mandated, with some exemptions (10. 4% of adults uninsured) Medicare: payroll tax, premiums, federal tax revenue; Medicaid: federal, state tax revenue Primary private voluntary insurance covers ~66% of population (employerbased and individual); supplementary for Medicare

What is UHC ?

Effektif? Akses : US? 10, 4 % tanpa asuransi Biaya : US tertinggi? Kualitas : mis medical error

Biaya tinggi • Kuantitas layanan? • Harga? • Biaya administrasi?

Iron triangle • In United States politics, the iron triangle comprises the policymaking relationship among the congressional committees, the bureaucracy, and interest groups.