Hauke Jöns, Wilhelmshaven: Discover the submerged prehistory of Europe – aims, methods and outcomes of the European SPLASHCOS-network www. splashcos. org Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Streif 2004, Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
The European Continental Shelf Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research Bailey 2011 40% of the European surface is submerged!
Graphik: F. Bau (Shenann et al. 2000; van der Noort 2011) 8250 cal BC Harpune von der Lemanbank (Trawler „Colinda“) (Ward et al 2006) Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
The European Continental Shelf rule of thumb: ‘the deeper the site below sea level, the older the site’ Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research Bailey 2011, Harff and Rosentau 2011 Jöns 2011 rule of thumb: ‘the higher the level, the older the site’
Fischer 2011/Andersen 2013 Tybring Vig Denmark (5400– 3900 cal. BC) Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Hendersen et al. 2011 Pavlopetri Greece (3000 -1200 cal. BC) Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Galili and Rosen 2011 Atlit-Yam Israel (7200 -6000 cal. BC) Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
North Frisian Wadden Sea Germany Late neolithic offering pit with scull of an ourochs found at the Hamburger Hallig (2300 cal BC) Kühn 2008 Megalithic Grave from Sylt-island (3200 cal BC) Treetrunk (1740 cal BC) Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Reconstruction of the Palaeolandscape (Doggerbank) 3 D-Seismik Gaffney et al. 2007 Data from offshore-industries! Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
These examples indicate: o Big parts of the European Prehistory is submerged offshore (common European perspective) o The sites may be extraordinary well preserved (organic material) and may offer completely new information about the prehistoric life o In many cases the sites may be used as well dated sea level-index points and are also of high interest for Geologist, Oceanologists and Climate experts o They only can be investigated in close cooperation with these disciplines (Geophysics, Geology, Sedimentology, Archaeobiology, etc. ). o A lot of data is already available and can be used! Transnational & interdisciplinary approach is needed as well as cooperation with Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research the marine industry! Lower
www. splashcos. org Chair: Geoff Bailey (York) Dimitris Sakellariou (Athens) The project was funded for four years (2009 -2013) as COST-Action o Communication, interdisciplinary exchange of experience and knowledge o to promote research on the investigation, interpretation and management of the drowned landscapes of the continental shelf o to create a structure for the development of new interdisciplinary and international research collaboration o to provide guidance to archaeologists, environmental and marine scientists, heritage professionals, government agencies, commercial Lower Saxony Institute for organisations, policy makers and a wider public. Historical Coastal Research
26 Countries: Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos – Actions Most of the money was spent for Conferences and Meetings: 1 Brussels Meeting (November 2009) 2 York Meeting (March 2010) 3 Rhodes Meeting (October 2010) 4 Berlin Meeting ( April 2011) 5 Ahtopol Meeting (May 2011) 6 Zadar Meeting (October 2011) 7 UK Meeting (Edinburgh, November 2011) 8 Amersfoort Meeting (April 2012) 9 Rome Meeting (September 2012) 10 Esbjerg Meeting (March 2013) 11 Final Conference, Szczecin (September 2013) www. splashcos. org Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos – Actions and Training for Early State Researchers (ESR) 6 Training Schools (66 Persons): in Denmark, Estonia, Greece, Israel, Spain, and Malta: - underwater excavation, acoustic survey, mapping, recording and conservation, sea level modelling, and palaeoenvironmental and geochronological analysis of palaeocoastlines. 11 Short Term Scientific Missions (STSMs): involved individuals from Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Israel, Latvia, Portugal, and UK. www. splashcos. org Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos – Actions most of the work was organised by 4 Working groups: WG 1: Archaeological Data and Interpretations WG 4: Commercial Collaboration and Outreach WG 3: Technology, Technical Resources and Training WG 2: Environmental Data and Reconstructions (Geology, etc. ) www. splashcos. org Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
WG 1: Archaeological Data and Interpretations Chair: Anders Fischer o To audit and categorise the current state of knowledge about the existence, location, and chronological range of prehistoric (Stone Age) archaeological finds on the European continental shelf. o To evaluate the potential significance of such data for the early history of human settlement and society in Europe (until 4000 cal. BC) o Recommendations for future projects Publication of an Atlas, visualising the submerged archaeological sites of Europe (in prep. by Anders Fischer et al. ) www. splashcos. org Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
WG 2: Environmental Data and Reconstructions Chair: Jan Harff o Assemble data, or sources of data, on sea-level change, palaeoclimate, bathymetry, and related variables o Assess issues of site preservation and taphonomy o To evaluate conditions for the survival and visibility of prehistoric archaeological materials in different types of geological and oceanographic conditions and in different geographical regions of the shelf Publication of a Handbook, giving an overview about the actual research on the submerged landscapes of Europe (in prep. by Nic Flemming et al. ) www. splashcos. org Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
WG 3: Technology, Technical Resources and Training Chairs: Ole Grøn, Tine Missiaen o Production of a report about the capability of geophysical equipment for archaeological surveys on submerged landscapes o Identification of centres of expertise, laboratories, skills, equipment, technical support, and training opportunities to facilitate interinstitutional, interdisciplinary www. splashcos. org Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
WG 4: Commercial Collaboration and Outreach Chair: Julie Satchell o To establish channels of cooperation and collaboration with commercial and industrial organisations in sharing and monitoring of data www. splashcos. org Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos-Databases: - Bibliography of all Splashcos-themes („Mendeley“, Jonathan Benjamin) - Stable isotope database (Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen) - New Databases for Archaoelogical and Geological Data? No! - But „SPLASHCOS-viewer on Geo. Seas“ (Combination of meta database and web-based viewer) Organised by Sytze van Heteren (data-management) & Hauke Jöns (corresponding within the archaeological community, collecting and checking the national datasets) … still work in progress www. splashcos. org Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Chances: - Raising public and scientific awareness for submerged landscapes and sites - Research tool on the european scale: - sorting for sites of different (archaeological) periods or ages - sorting for sites in different water depths - sorting for radiocarbon dated sites - sorting for sites with organic material - etc. - getting information about publications (references) and - getting access to further online-information (url) - Mapping Tool for the planned Splashcos-Book 1 (Anders Fischer: „Atlas“) Big Challenge: Data needed from all countries Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
EMODNet Hydrography Sea-bed Geology Bathymetry Archaeology Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Country Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Ireland Israel Italy Latvia Lithuania Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Turkey UK Ukraine Correspondant Marnix Pieters Hristina Angelova Irena Radic Rossi Anders Fischer Aivar Kriiska Cyrille Billard Hauke Jöns Nena Galanidou Kieran Westley Ehud Galili Elena Flavia Valdis Berzin Algirdas Girininkas Tim Gambin Andrea Otte/Hans Peeters Hakon Glørstad Prezemyslaw Krajewski Nuno Bicho Valentina Voinea Pablo Arias Björn Nilsson Hakan Oniz Garry Momber Valentina Yanko-Hombach Big Challenge: Data needed from all countries Splashcos-Network in function! Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
State of the art (March 2014): 2525 sites from 19 countries Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cypres, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, no Splashcos-sites in their waters so far: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Romania, Spain. Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information Single find (unstratified) Collection of finds (unstratified) Settlement (in situ culture layer, features) Grave/Burial Depotfind/Offering Rock Art/Carvings Others Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Mapped for „Type of site“ Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information Palaeolithic Upper Palaeolithic Middle Palaeolithic Late Paleolithic/Early Mesolithic Prehistoric Mesolithic Early Mesolithic Middle Mesolithic Late Mesolithic/Early Neolithic Middle Neolithic Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Mapped for „Archaeological Dating“ Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information Typochronology Dendrochronology Radiocarbon Dating OSL-Dating Stratigraphy Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Mapped for „Dating based on “ Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Mapped for „maximum waterdepths “ (Bailey 2011) Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information yes no unknown Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Mapped for „organic material“ Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information Complexe site, settlment and burials, organic material well preserved (see url and references), S. Andersen, Tybrind Vig (2013) Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
Outline of the final phase of the project and the future: State of the art: - There are still some datasets missing - some Datasets are not complete: absolute chronological dating of typochronologically dated sites, organic material, url and references etc. Next steps: - Sending the actual version of the national datasets to the national correspondants for last corrections - Installation of the Splashcos-Viewer on Geo. Seas Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research web-system (2015)
Thanks a lot to the Correspondants Marnix Pieters Hristina Angelova Irena Radic Rossi Anders Fischer Aivar Kriiska Cyrille Billard Nena Galanidou Kieran Westley Ehud Galili Elena Flavia Valdis Berzin Algirdas Girininkas Tim Gambin Andrea Otte Hans Peeters Hakon Glørstad Prezemyslaw Krajewski Nuno Bicho Valentina Voinea Pablo Arias Björn Nilsson Hakan Oniz Garry Momber Olena Smyntyna Thanks to the Splashcos and working group chairs: Geoff Bailey Dimitris Sakellariou Nic Flemming Anders Fischer Jan Harff Tine Messian Julie Satchel Thanks for implementing the Splashcos Viewer into the Geo. Seas System to: Sytze van Heteren & Dick Schaap Thanks for technical support to Moritz Mennenga thank you for listening … Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research
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