Growth Division Chapter 7 1816 -1832

Growth & Division Chapter 7 1816 -1832

American Nationalism Section 1

Era of Good Feelings • James Monroe – 5 th President of the U. S. – Era of Good Feelings • Period of time in which one political party existed • No major issues debated, • Everyone in politics and the country got along

Judicial Nationalism • Mc. Culloch vs. Maryland (1819) – Supreme Court ruled Congress had power to create National Bank – Federal government the right to do the following four things: • Collect Taxes, barrow money, regulate commerce, raise army and navy – The state of Maryland tried to tax the federal bank – State governments could not interfere with an agency of the federal government exercising its powers within a state’s borders

Judicial Nationalism • Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) – A steamboat company had a monopoly of traffic going in & out of NY. The company also tried to include traffic in New Jersey – Supreme Court ruled the monopoly unconstitutional – This ruling gave the federal government the power to control interstate commerce

Jackson Invades Florida • Florida was Spanish territory in early 1800 s • The Creeks to resettled in Spanish Florida – The Creeks renamed themselves the Seminoles, which meant “Separatists” or “Runaways” – The Native Americans used FL as a base to raid settlers in GA – In response, the U. S. sent Andrew Jackson to command troops to combat the Seminoles • Adams- Onis Treaty – Spain gave all Florida territory to the U. S. – Finalized the western border of Louisiana Purchase – Arkansas River – 42 nd Parallel as northern border

Monroe Doctrine • President Monroe declared the American continents, “henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by European powers. ” – This declaration became known as the Monroe Doctrine • Goal: Prevent other great powers from interfering with Latin American politics (countries in turmoil • The Monroe Doctrine upheld Washington’s policy of neutrality – avoiding conflicts in European power struggles

Comprehension Check • 1. When President Monroe was elected, the period of time was known as what? • 2. True or False: Any state has a right to tax the federal government. • 3. Explain a monopoly. • 4. True or False: The Creeks resettled in Georgia and called themselves the Seminoles. • 5. True or False: The Monroe Doctrine allowed Europeans to control affairs in Latin America.

Early Industry Section 2

Transportation Revolution • Roads – National Road was funded by Feds even though many thought the Fed Gov could not fund internal improvements – Many private businesses laid 100’s of miles of toll roads/turnpikes – pay to use • Canals - man made water routes – Eerie Canal connected Albany to Buffalo – Robert Fulton – invented the steamboat – the Clermont – 3300 miles of canals dug which stimulated new economic growth

Transportation Revolution • Railroads – the “Iron Horse” – The first RR engine was built by Peter Cooper – RR has 2 advantages over steamboats & stagecoaches: • Quicker & could go anywhere track was laid – RRs helped to settle the west & expand trade between the U. S. ’s different regions – RRs increased the need for

New Systems of Production • Industrial Revolution – Eli Whitney popularized interchangeable parts – Improved communications through the invention of the telegraph by Samuel Morse • Journalists organized the Associated Press

The Land of Cotton Section 3

Southern Economy • Cash Crops of the South: – Tobacco, rice, sugarcane, and cotton – Cotton was the largest commodity in the South due to the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney – produced 100, 000 bales – Cotton gin strengthened the institution of slavery – 1808, Foreign slave trade ended, but not domestic • High birthrates – population increased from 1. 5 million in 1820 to 4 million in 1850 – Very little industry in South, only 16% of Americans manufacturing came from the South

Southern Society Planters Yeoman Farmers Poor, Rural Whites Free African Americans Enslaved African Americans • Large plantations; 20+ slaves • Owned 4 - slaves • Lived on land too barren to farm • 93% of Af-Am in South were slaves – 37% of total population

Slavery • Slaves could be blacksmiths, carpenters, coopers, house servant, or field hand • Slave Gangs were controlled by a driver – a slave could be a driver if he was loyal & willing to cooperate • Frederick Douglass – anti-slavery movement • Slave Codes: slaves could not own property, learn to read/write, own firearms, testify in court, leave the owner’s land without permission

Coping with Enslavement • Slave coped through music, religion, and language –created a slave “culture” which gave them a sense of unity, pride, and mutual support • Resistance – Work slowdown, broke tools, set fires to homes & barns, risked beatings and mutilations to run away – Nat Turner Rebellion – 8/22/1831 • Killed 50 whites & sentences to death by hanging

Growing Sectionalism Section 4

Missouri Compromise • Monroe could not stop growing sectionalism and disputes over slavery – Issue: Would slavery be allowed to expand West? – 11 free & 11 slave states = even number of senators & balance of power in Congress – Slavery would be prohibited in the LA Purchase territory north of MO’s southern border (Arkansas) – MO Compromise = temporary solution to the problem

Election of 1824 • Candidates: – Henry Clay – Kentucky – Andrew Jackson – Tennessee – John Q. Adams – Massachusetts – William Crawford – Georgia • Issues: states rights, national bank, tariffs, and internal improvements • Tie between Adams & Jackson – Adams & Clay make a deal = Corrupt Bargain • Jackson begins the Democratic Party in response

Election of 1828 • Republican Candidate = John Q. Adams • Democratic Candidate = Andrew Jackson • Mudslinging: petty criticism of morals & personality of political candidates • Jackson becomes the president in 1828 – Most support came from South and West – The White House was reached by a common man from the western frontier