Green Chemistry and Sustainability From waste to wealth James Clark Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence University of York, UK www. greenchemistry. net
Benefits of the Chemical Industry
Yet everybody hates chemicals! Pressures on the Chemical Industry Across the Lifecycle www. greenchemistry. net
We are running out of key elements Elemental unsustainability www. greenchemistry. net
Location of Scarce Elements And who owns the mineral rights to those that are left? 5 www. greenchemistry. net
So much ends up in waste www. greenchemistry. net
What do we do with our waste? What a waste!! www. greenchemistry. net
Waste is tomorrows resource We need to encourage the greater use of chemically rich waste as a resource www. greenchemistry. net
…Food waste is everywhere too ! • 90 Mt of food waste generated every year in the E. U. 27 (incl. industrial and household waste) • or 179 kg per capita • in the UK, over 90% of the 5. 7 Mt of commercial and industrial FW is discarded to landfill www. greenchemistry. net
A world of possibilities… Agro-residues 46 Mt/y Unripe coconut husks 5 Mt/y Orange peels 12 Mt/y Spent coffee grounds 3 Mt/y 1 Mt/y of food waste Palm oil waste 15. 8 Mt/y 30 Mt/y of Agro-residues 382 t/y coffee husks Cassava starch 228 Mt/y www. greenchemistry. net
Chemicals from food waste Visit our exhibition! films bio-adhesives sugars hydrophobes phenols Liquid fuels solid fuels starch pectin Food supply chain residues nanocomposites collagen cellulose chitosan hemicellulose lignin natural dyes natural chelants PVC replacements hydrogels chemical monomers waxes cosmetic waxes bio-surfactants bio-solvents www. greenchemistry. net
Selection Criteria • volumes available in one location • chemical potential • occurrence in different countries • local Network contacts • relevance for green chemical technologies www. greenchemistry. net
Sustainable sources of Carbon Over 90% of organic chemicals are based on petroleum feedstocks - this is not sustainable www. greenchemistry. net
Petroleum Refinery Fuels Solvent Bulk chemicals Plastics Petroleum feedstock Fibres Fine chemicals Oils www. greenchemistry. net
Bio-refinery Fuels Solvent Plastics Biomass Bulk chemicals Fine chemicals Fibres Oils Don’t use food quality feedstocks!! www. greenchemistry. net
It’s not just about how safe the product is…. Or how clean the manufacturing is……. . Or how sustainable the feedstocks are We need to introduce Green Chemistry concepts and practices across the supply chain(s) www. greenchemistry. net
Valorising food waste makes your raw material double green The chemical industry is too dependent on traditional virgin sources of raw materials - sources that are becoming scarce, expensive and unreliable, and often from regions with uncertain social and political conditions Why don’t we even make it triple green? www. greenchemistry. net
What is Green Chemistry? Sustainable Development and Business Energy cost waste Non-renewables REDUCE ECONOMIC water risk ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL SD www. greenchemistry. net
Renewable Materials Clean Synthesis & Platform Molecules Training, Education and Networks Natural Solvents & Biolubricants Microwave Processing www. greenchemistry. net
including food and agro-wastes Extractables Bulk Chemicals (secondary metabolites from straw) Materials ((Bio)chemical processing of bulk materials/residues) (primary metabolites – starch, cellulose) TECHNOLOGIES Benign Extraction Methods Selective Fermentation Separation/Purification Controlled Pyrolysis Green Chemical Transformation ADDING VALUE CHEMICAL POTENTIAL Biomass Extraction Technology (Bio)platform molecules Expansion Methods Green Chemistry/technology Green Chemical Modification Composites www. greenchemistry. net
Making use of food wastes…. . Switchable adhesives for carpet tiles (Interface. Flor) Recyclable Diverting millions of Kg pa from landfill www. greenchemistry. net
More uses for food waste and for ashes…. . Bio-silicates (B&Q) Bio-based composite materials for structural and furniture applications Future construction materials based on 100% green and sustainable components www. greenchemistry. net
Making your process greener Chemical manufacturing is largely based on chemistry that is complex, energy- , solvent-, and water-intensive and produces a lot of CO 2 and considerably more (often hazardous) waste than product www. greenchemistry. net
Using plant extracts…. Eco-waxes Charles Jackson Farms - Botanix - Croda - L’Oreal - Processum Cosmetic Products Semiochemicals (Rothamsted) Wheat straw Sc. CO 2 extraction Wax products Health Products “Natural” products are very desirable…they need to be: - derived from natural resources - extracted using “natural” solvents (H 2 O, Et. OH, CO 2) - modified only be “natural” methods (biocatalysis) www. greenchemistry. net
Microwave activation of biomass development of an alternative method of decomposing biomass www. greenchemistry. net
One type of future biorefinery based on single large volume feedstock and using green chemical technologies to make a range of products www. greenchemistry. net
Integrated wheatstraw biorefinery www. greenchemistry. net
A new OPECOrange Peel Exploitation Company Valorisation of a million ton scale pre-consumer waste to bio-chemicals, bio-materials and bio-fuels. BIO-CHEMICALS Bio-solvents Natural fragrance chemicals 50% juice 50% waste Chemical intermediates acid catalysts BIO-FUELS bio-ethanol sugars 8, 069, 705 T/y of waste orange peels available in Brazil chars liquid fuels BIO-MATERIALS separations catalysis water purification www. greenchemistry. net
Waxes, alkanes, surface hydrophobes, insect repellant Oranges Orange juice Juicing process Chemicals & solvents Flavours & fragrances Bio-plastics (i. e. PET) Bio p-cymene 8, 069, 705 T/y Bio p-cymene sulphonic acid: organic acid catalyst Bio α-terpineol Bio d-limonene of waste orange peels available in Brazil for example Personal care product additives Bio p-cresol & bioacetone: commodity chemicals Bio-ethanol Sugars Other platform molecules i. e. HMF p-α-dimethyl styrene Pectin Cellulose Pectin thickening agent in food products Mesoporous carbonaceous material for catalysis, metal support, water purification and separation www. greenchemistry. net
Recent developments in the press: Pepsi. Co looks to reuse plant waste Mar 14, 2011 6: 10 pm EDT CHICAGO (Reuters) Pepsi. Co Develops World's First 100 Percent Plant-Based, Renewably Sourced PET Bottle Pepsi. Co Inc is working on ways to reuse waste like oat husks and orange peels. www. greenchemistry. net
York, the University and Green Chemistry at York One of Europe’s most beautiful and historic cities v Top 100 World- and Top 10 UK-ranked University of the Year 2010 v Top 5 UK-ranked Chemistry Department v World-leading Green Chemistry Centre dedicated to creating genuinely sustainable supply chains for chemical and related products; -associated activities include Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (white biotechnology) and Stockholm Environment Institute www. greenchemistry. net
Activity Areas The Centre’s Activities can be groups into 4 areas: • Research • Industry collaboration • Education, including development of teaching and promotional materials • Networking with all chemical stakeholders www. greenchemistry. net
NORSC Combining the expertise of the leading Northern England Universities to provide sustainable chemistry solutions to industry Anglo-French collaboration chemicals from biomass using green chemistry and white biotechnology Promoting awareness and facilitating, education, training and practice of green chemistry worldwide Green Chemistry and the Consumer Green chemistry solutions for the retailer and producer MUSC The Chemical Industries Association and the Green Chemistry Centre working together to create new green and sustainable supply chains for chemical products SUSTOIL The international Network for alternatives to petroleum Green Chemistry networks worldwide Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Japan, USA, Korea, Brazil……. . www. greenchemistry. net
Why do we need the BIS? because we need to cross traditional disciplinary boundaries because we need to work across national boundaries because we need to overcome legal obstacles and other barriers www. greenchemistry. net
Education and Training Contact-based long and short Courses and Masterclasses Supported e -learning Full or Part-time Certificate, Diplomas and Degree options Including MSc in Green Chemistry and Sustainable Industrial Technology We need to better prepare the next generation and retrain the existing workforce in the principles and practices of green chemistry www. greenchemistry. net
MSc in Green Chemistry & Sustainable Industrial Technology Principles & Technologies Principles, Environmental Impact, Chemical Engineering, Catalysis for Green Chemistry, Alternative Reaction Media, Energy, Clean Synthesis, Renewable Resources, Greener Products Supporting Courses IP, Business Opportunities, Green Chemistry Presentations, Legislation Presentations and Literature Research T r a n s f e r a b l e S k i l l s Research Project & Oral Presentation In collaboration with Industry www. greenchemistry. net
Green Chemistry Network • • • Est. 1998 with funding from the Royal Society of Chemistry Not-for-profit CLG One of the largest international networks of this type in the world International membership Excellent forum for information exchanges and collaboration www. greenchemistry. net
Networking Projects Green Chemistry & the Consumer Engaging the retailers through low technical awareness of greener chemistry n “Research shows that 80% of the 16 Million people visiting our stores each week want sustainable products” n “A clear majority (of our customers) want this process to be simplified” n “Green Chemistry is not only a solution, it is the solution” Environmentally friendly bitter-taste blockers for drugs Biodegradable Surfactants [Mike Barry, Mark & Spencer Head of CSR] Halogen-free flame retardants http: //www. rsc. org/chemsoc/gcn/industry. htm#consumer We must encourage mechanisms for engaging the (very many) users of the chemical industry www. greenchemistry. net
Science and Society Engagement Celebration Event (2010) www. greenchemistry. net
Pre – HE: Education and Outreach Aims • To excite young people about chemistry and the positive impact it can have. • To enable young people to critically engage with ideas and solutions Impacts/areas of work • lots of projects and funding at key stage 2 - Discovery Days, Countryside Days, Science Days in Primary Schools - High awareness about environment at young age, interest and enthusiasm • opportunities at GCSE/A level stage www. greenchemistry. net
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(some of) the York Green Chemistry Centre staff and graduate students www. greenchemistry. net
The Chemical Industry of the Past(? ) Past www. greenchemistry. net
The Chemical Industry Today www. greenchemistry. net
The Chemical Industry Tomorrow(? ) www. greenchemistry. net
Industry Education www. greenchemistry. net Research Networking www. greenchemistry. net
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