Greece Preview and Processing n Look a

Greece

Preview and Processing n Look a the photographs and see what you already know about Greece.

Acropolis

Acropolis

Geography n. Landscape: mountainous n. Mt. Olympus “home of the gods” n. Trade difficult n. Hard to unite so had sm. Communities w/ ind. Gov’t n. Crops hard to grow n. Sm. Population n. Grains, grapes, olives

n Life lived around the sea n Aegean, Ionian, Black and ______ n Trade n Communication n Climate n Mediterranean climate: moderate temps w/ rain in winter n Men spent time @ agora, gym political meetings, theater, civic & religious celebrations n Everyone in ea. C-S knew ea. other

Story Time MINOANS KING MINOS CRETE KNOSSOS MINOTAUR ATHENS THESEUS ARIADNE

n Trojan war n Troy located in Asia Minor n. Homer (Greek bard/poet) blind n. Trojans kidnapped wife of a Greek king: Helen n. Victory when Mycenaeans offered wooden horse: Trojan Horse n. Heinrich Schliemann, 1871

Helen of Troy

Heinrich Schliemann

Dark Ages n. Mycenaeans collapsed 1200 BCE n. Dorian took over n. Skill of writing lost: 400 yrs n. People depended on bards n. Long heroic poem=epic n. Greatest bard=Homer n. Iliad: battle @ Troy w/ young hero: Achilles n. Odyssey: Odysseus & his travels home after Troy; 10 year journey n. Ideal: arete=strive for excellence, show courage & win fame and honor= Olympics

n Evolution of Greek gov’t 1. Aristocracy: rule by sm. Group of noble families who made laws to suit themselves including slavery for debt

2. Intro. of iron gave ordinary Greeks opportunity to buy weapons because it was cheaper than ______. n n n 3. 4. All citizens expected to serve Foot soldiers=hoplite=phalanx Phalanx=most powerful fighting machine in the world Tyrants=worked to help sm. Farmers & artisans Strong C-S emerged n i. e. Sparta & Athens

Making the Connection The MK 15 Phalanx Close. In Weapons System (CIWS - pronounced "sea-whiz") is a fastreaction, rapid-fire 20 millimeter gun system that provides US Navy ships with a terminal defense against antiship missiles that have penetrated other fleet defenses.

Sparta n Located on Peloponnesus n Conquered Messenia n. People treated as slaves n. Helots & forced to work on land & never leave n 600 Messenians revolted & out #ed Sp. 8 to 1 but Sparta won n. Fearful of revolt=Code of Lycurgus

Lycurgus

n Code of Lycurgus (law giver of Sparta) 1. Babies inspected @ birth, if unhealthy they were left in the hills to die 2. Fit children w/ mom until age 7 then enter army n One light tunic n beds-=benches n Ate course black porridge n Expected to steal fr. Farms but whipped if caught 3. Age 20 men would marry but had to live on base/barracks for 10 more yrs. 4. After completing full time military service; remain on active duty for 30 more yrs.

5. n Girls were expected to manage estates; defend themselves; all same rts as men except the vote Sp. Valued: duty, strength & discipline over beauty freedom and individuality

Making the Connection n n What event caused Sparta to develop as a military state? How did the Spartan development of a military state limit their willingness to accept new ideas?

Athens n Developed democracy: gov’t where all citizens participate n Reformers: Solon 1. Canceled debt: freed debtors 2. Encouraged grape/olive growth wh/ = trade 3. Every father to teach son a trade wh/ = industry n All of Solon’s reforms above deal w/ ______.

Male citizens could debate & vote 5. Any citizen could bring charges against anyone who did wrong (women included in this) n Reforms 4 -5 deal w/ _____ reform. Cleisthenes n Council of 500: chosen by lot so all cit. could eventually serve 4. n

Story Time FIRST INVASION DARIUS IONIA MARATHON 6400 PERSIANS 192 ATHENIANS PHEIDIPPIDES “REJOICE WE CONQUER”

Making the Connection What modern day Olympic event celebrates the bravery of Pheidippides?

Greeks v. Persians n Herodotus n 1 st Invasion: Ionia n Greeks in I. submitted for generations then revolted n Athens sent help to I & Daruis defeated them but vowed to destroy A. for sending help n 490 BCE 25, 000 Persians came across Aegean Sea & landed @ Marathon n 10, 000 Athenians in phalanx n Casualties 6, 400 P 192 A n Athens won but city defenseless n Someone had to tell A not to surrender n Pheidippides: 26 miles “Rejoice we conquer” then died

n 2 nd Invasion n n 480 BCE Xerxes Greeks were divided 1. 2. 3. n n n Would not fight Fought w/ Athens Fought w/ Persians met no resistance until 85 miles NE of A @ Thermopylae 7000 A 300 S Greeks winning until…a Gr traitor told Persians how to get around mt. Spartan command Leonidas Athens to the sea @ Salamis Persian ships were too big for the channel 1. 2. Athenian ships used battering ram to punch holes under H 20 line; Persian ships sand 1 by 1 Xerxes: golden throne

n Golden Age of Greece (Athens) n Pericles n Assembly; 1 of 10 gen. ea. Yr. n Leader 461 -429 (32 yrs)=Age of Pericles n Goals 1. strengthen A. democracy (all jobs paid) 2. Build commercial empire ( used DL $ for navy) 3. Glorify A. (used DL $ to buy gold etc. & build Parthenon)

n Sparta v. Athens n Want war over peace n 431 BCE n Pericles had built 2 walls that protected A. roadway to the sea: Long Walls n Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War n S=land A= sea n 404 BCE Athens defeated & Sparta tore down Long Walls

n Philosophers n One who loves wisdom 1. World was put together in orderly fashion 2. People could understand w/ reason n Socrates: soldier & stonecutter n Socratic Method n ? All accepted values of A. n 399 BCE @ 70 accused of corrupting the minds of A. youth n 501 jurors n hemlock

n Plato: 28 when Socrates died n Academy n The Republic n. Farmers & artisan ( commoners) n. Warriors (gifted mind & body) n. Ruling class (greatest insight & intellect=philosopher king: man or a woman)

n Aristotle: pupil of Plato (20) n Syllogism: set of logical statements 1. All people are mortal 2. Socrates was a person 3. Therefore Socrates was mortal n Rational / scientific thought

n Alexander the Great (taught by Aristotle) n King of Macedon n 20: 336 BCE n Persians n 40, 000 Persian soldiers n Companions (cavalry) n Defeated Darius III: Asia Minor n Peace agreement: refused by Alex n All of Persian Empire

n 330 BCE went after Darius III again; had been assassinated n. Fought 7 yrs. 11, 000 miles n. Fever & died 323 BCE @ 32

Ahonen need to know n n Alex become king when: his dad divorced his mom Olympias and marred a daughter of high ranking nobleman Alex's’ rts in trouble; wife II had a son @ festival to celebrate daughter’s wedding a former guardsman stabbed Philip w/ support of army Alex = king