Grapevine Micropropagation for Production of Disease-Free Vines Berva Brock Junior, Organizational Leadership Program University of Wyoming, Sheridan Research and Extension Center
Grape Production in United States • World’s most valuable fruit crop • 10 – 12 th most valuable agricultural crop in US • 1. 2 million workers in grape & wine industry • National economic impact – $ 162 billion annually Wine America (National Association of Wines), 2008
Grapevine Propagation Techniques • Cutting – Softwood and hardwood • Layering – Air, mound, serpentine • Budding (sometimes described as bud grafting) • Grafting – Softwood (green grafting), hardwood (bench, bridge, inarch-approach, exarch, cleft, whip, etc. ) • In vitro culture – Micropropagation
Commercial Grape Propagation Double A Vineyards, NY 6 feet between rows, 12” between cutting rows and 2” between individual cuttings. 80, 000 cuttings per acre (5, 00000 – 8, 00000 cuttings/yr. ) Rooted cutting
Grapevine Propagation for the Homeowner Growth Flowering Rooting Growth, flowering and rooting in canes after 5 weeks of exposure to light
Limitations of Conventional Propagation • Limited availability of elite planting material • Problems with spreading insect, bacterial and viral diseases • Insect – Phylloxera • Bacteria – Agrobacterium, Pierce’s disease • Viral – Leaf roll and fan leaf viruses
Pierce’s Disease Infection in Grapevines Vines dead from PD PD infected vine Xylem infection Leaf symptoms Affected shoots Affected berries
Crown Gall Disease in Grape Control – No cure for infected vines. Uproot and burn vines
Viral Diseases Leaf roll infected vineyard Fan leaf infected vineyard Leaf roll infected vines Infected berries
Grapevine Micropropagation • Micropropagation involves using apical meristems from actively growing shoots of field grown grapevines • Shoot apical meristems are then placed onto plant growth medium with growth regulators for shoot proliferation • Resulting shoots are then rooted, hardened under high humidity and then transferred outdoors 10
Micropropagation Protocol
Advantages of Micropropagation • Production of bacterial and virus-free plants • Rapid propagation of elite varieties • Plants arising from tissue culture are uniform in growth, vigor, yield and quality
Source of Grape Germplasm
Grape Micropropagation Protocol Obtain shoot tips Growth of shoot apical meristem Shoot proliferation Meristem after excision Shoot culture maintenance
Grape Micropropagation Protocol Rooting proliferated shoots Hardening Transfer to soil Acclimation Transfer to Green House
Data on Shoot Proliferation Meristem after excision Himrod Start Date 12 -21 -12 Proliferation after 4 weeks # of nodes in dish Date of Data # of shoots in 4 weeks # of shoots In 8 weeks 5 1 -23 -13 39 1028 5 1 -29 -13 33 478 5 1 -30 -13 29 346
Future Studies • Optimizing micropropagation protocols for additional 25 varieties • Study performance of tissue cultured produced plants under field conditions
Acknowledgements • UW College of Agriculture (Special Problems Fellowship awarded to Berva Brock) • UW Agricultural Experiment Station (SREC) • Department of Plant Sciences • Wyoming Department of Agriculture
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