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Grammar modal verb
1. can 和could: 1) can的主要用法是: A. 表示体力或脑力的能力: eg. The girl can dance very well. B. 在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许: eg. Can I sit here? C. 表示说话的推测﹑ 事物的可能性等: eg. Can the news be true?
can /could 表示推测时,只能用在否定句或 疑问句中。 It’s so late. Can Tom be reading? 这么晚了,汤姆还在看书吗? 这个人不可能是玛丽, 她生病了。 It can’t be Mary. She has fallen ill. 她不可能在说谎。 She couldn’t be telling lies.
can ,could,be able to的区别 1. can表示“能够”时与短语be able to同义, 但can只用于一般现在时或过去时,而后 者可用于各种时态。 2. can表示个人有某种能力,而be able to表 示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事,相 当于succeed in doing sth. ;叙述过去事实 时,最好用was / were able to,因为could 只表示过去具有某种能力。
如: Can you understand the different kinds of English these people are using? Two years later, he was able to speak very good Chinese.
3. 以could或would提问时,不能再以 could或would作答,而应该用can或will。 如: —Could I borrow your dictionary? —Yes, of course you can. 3.
2. may 和might : may 常用来表示: A. 表示说话人的猜测: “也许” “可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和 否定句中。 B. 表示请求、允许; 比can较为正式: e. g. May I come in ? You may go now.
e. g. --I believe the man is from England. --But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在肯定句中,may的可能性比can 高, may表示现实的可能性,can表示理论 上的可能性。如:
The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会是不通的。 在疑问句中,表示可能性用can。 如:Where can he be? 他会在哪呢?
C. 表示祝愿; 但语气较正式: e. g. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might 的用法有: 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和 允许。如: She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。
She might go home tomorrow. 说不定他明天会回家。 表示现在的许可, 语气比may较委婉, 一般用于疑问句(包括间接疑问句), 不可 用于肯定句或者否定句。 如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话吗?
will和would: 1. will是助动词或是情态动词? will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于 表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。 would亦同理。 e. g. I will tell you something important. 我要告诉你一些重要的事。 (助动词)
Will you tell her that I'm here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿,好吗? (情态动词) 2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称,提出请求 或询问。 e. g. : If you want help - let me know, will you? 如果你需要帮助, 让我知道, 好吗?
Will you type this, please? 请打印这个, 好吗? Won't you sit down? 请坐下, 好吗? 3. would比will客气委婉。 e. g. : Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们,好吗? (表请求)
will/would Will /Would you do…? 表请求 表意志,愿望,决心 would表过去反复发生得动作或某种倾向 “总是, 总要” used to表过去常常(现在已没有这种习惯) “过去常常” used to 可于状态动词连用 would不可以 eg. He used to be a quiet boy. ( ) √ He would be a quiet boy. ( ) ×
shall和should: 1. shall用于构成将来时是助动词。 shall用于征求对方的意见,表示 “决 心” 是情态动词。 e. g. : Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 (构成一般将来时, 助动词)
Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈,我们乘火车去好吗? (用于征求对方的意见,情态动词) I shall go at once. 我必须立即去。 (表 “决心”,情态动词)
shall可以用于第一、三人称的疑问句, 表示征求意见或许可;还可用于第二、 三人称的陈述句中,表示允诺、警告、 命令或威胁等。如: You shall be punished if you break the rule.
2. should表示义务、建议、劝告,意 为 “应该”。 “should+ have+过去分词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 eg: You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。
must和 have to 1. must用于一般问句中, 肯定回答用must 否定式用 needn’t或don’t have to,做 “ 不必”, mustn’t表示“禁止,不允许” — Must I finish all assignments at a time? —Yes, you must. No, you needn't.
2. 表示“必须”这个意思时,must 和 have to 稍有区别。must着重说明主观 看法,have to 强调客观需要。另外, have to 能用于更多时态。 I don’t like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.
4. must表示“偏要, 硬要”, 指做令人不快 的事情 He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course,after I gave her my advice,she must go and do the opposite.
练习坊 I. Choose the correct answer. 1. —I think I’ll give Bob a ring later 2. in the week. —You _____. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may D C. have to D. should
2. John, look at the time. _____ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can A C. May D. Should
3. There _____ any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustn’t be B. shan’t have C. shouldn’t be C D. needn’t have
6. —Someone is knocking at the door. _____ it be Venis? —No, it _____ be her; she left for New York this morning. A. Can; mustn’t B. Might; can’t C. May; doesn’t D D. Can; can’t
7. Mike promised his doctor he _____ not drink, and he has never drunk ever since. A. might B. should D C. could D. would
8. —Is there a movie on in the cinema tonight? —There _____ be. I will phone the cinema and find it out. A. might A C. can B. should D. must
9. When I was studying at Beijing University, I _____ take a walk along the lake every evening. B A. will B. would C. could D. shall
10. Mr Brown, many students want to see you. _____ they wait here or outside? A. Shall A C. Can B. Will D. Would
II. 选用正确的情态动词填空。 can; could When I was young I _____ climb any could tree in the forest. can Learning a language _____ be a real challenge.
may; might I asked if I _____ go home half an hour might earlier today. may / might There ______ not be enough money to pay for the repairs.
will; would When he got older, he _____ never do his homework. will Nancy _____ keep talking unless you tell her to shut up.
shall; should By now, they ______ already be in Dubai. should shall I _____ be replaced by someone from the New York office.
must; can’t You _____ have stayed up. You look so must tired. You _____ be 45! I thought you were can’t about 25 years old.
情态动词的语法特征 1) 情态动词不能单独做谓语, 除ought和 have外, 后面只能接不带to的不定式。 2) 情态动词没有人称, 数的变化, 但有些情 态动词, 如can、will也有一般式和过去式的 变化。 3) 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的 主要标志, 不少情况下, 情态动词的现在式形 式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过 去时间和将来时间。
只作情态动词的 can / could, may / might, ought to, must 可情态可实义的 need, dare 可情态可助动词的 shall / should, will / would 相当于情态动词的 have to, used to
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