Grammar Basics Year I.
Personal Pronouns Nominative Objective Possessive Absolute I me my mine you yours he him his she her hers it it its we us ours they them theirs
Nouns. Kinds. abstract love, beauty etc. common Chair, table etc. collective Family, team, mankind etc. proper Ann, Spain etc.
Nouns. Gender. Masculine. Feminine. Neuter. Boy, man, tiger etc Table, cat etc. Girl, woman, tigress
-S - es - ies - ves Nouns. Plural. Boy-boys, Hand- hands Cat-cats Bus – buses Watch- watches Tomato – tomatoes City – cities Fly - flies Wolf – wolves But Photo - photos But Day – days Boy - boys But
Compound nouns. Plural. Housewife Girlfriend Man-servant Housewives Girlfriends Men-servants Frying pans Mother-in-law Mothers-in-law Breakdowns
Irregular plurals. Man Woman Tooth Goose Foot Child Ox mouse Men Women Teeth Geese Feet Children Oxen Mice
Plural / singular Always singular. Always plural. Singular / plural. Beauty Love Snow Meat Cheese Money News Family Team Shorts Jeans Trousers Glasses Clothes wages
Countable / uncountable. Countable nouns. Uncountable nouns. Desk Boy school Flower Box Horse Game Coffee Snow Bread Advice Money News Accommodation baggage
Simple. (repeated, customary action) statements questions Present V Vs Past V+ed. PII Future Will + V Negative sentences I work. He, she, it works. I don’t work Do you …? Does he. . ? Where do you …? He worked. Did you work? I saw it. He doesn’t work We didn’t see it. I will (I’ll) do Will you do She will not it. it? (won’t) go there
Continuous. (at a definite period of time) Be +V + ing. At 3 p. m. statements questions Negative sentences Present I am speaking. We aren’t (are not) singing. I wasn’t watching TV at 3. I will not (won’t) be cooking. Is she dancing now? Past (was, I was What were +V reading at 3 you doing +ing) p. m. at 3 p. m. ? Future I will be Will you be (will+ be+ V reading at 3 +ing) tomorrow p. m. ?
Perfect. (prior action) Have + P II statements questions By 3 p. m. Present Have + P II Has + P II Past Had + P II Future Negative sentences I have already done it. Has he They been there? haven’t done it yet. He had done it by 3 p. m. yesterday. We will have done it by 3 p. m. Had they done it by 3 p. m. yesterday? Will you have read it by 3 p. m. ? We hadn’t done this work by 3 p. m. We will not (won’t) have done.
Sequence of tenses. I know it. He said (that) he knew it. We are reading They said (that) they were now. reading. They have done it. He said they had done it. I posted the letter. I will help you. She said she had posted the letter. I said I would help you
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