Grammar 定语从句复习
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、 不定式、介词短语、从句等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、 介词短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. Ø定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.
Ø先行词和关系词 q先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 q关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 q先行词、关系词 代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行词＝关系词 bike q关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。
Ø关系代词如何引导定语从句 q普通代词与关系代词的区别 I have a sister. She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai. q普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she) q关系代词： （如上例who/which） 1. 除了代替先行词外， 2. 它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分， 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）
说明如下 v. The building is our school. +The building stands by the river. = The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词 关系词 从句 which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。 v 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在 定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后， 而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。 The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother. (主句) The woman is my mother (从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting. {主语是单数}
The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists. (主句)The women are famous scientists. {主语是复数} (从句)The women are speaking at the meeting. 关系词判 断 步 骤 : v 首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人, 关系词可能就用 who, that, whom, whose。如果先行词指物, 关系词可能用which或that v 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表 先行词 人 物 主格 who, that which, that 宾格 who(m), that which, that v 最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句) 所有格 whose, of which
v注意 q 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。. The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother. (叙述客观事实用一般现在时) (从句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间) v定语从句的辨认（思考步骤） § 找出先行词 a. 确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。 b. 确定定语从句的位置 § 确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格 § 确定从句的时态 （定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）
Ø关系代词的使用方法 定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、 which等。 1. that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（ that/which作宾语时可省. ） 2. 3. 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. A plane is a machine which can fly. 4. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? 5. Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 6. 7. 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost?
2. which 指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略; 作宾 语可以省略。 ( which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。） 1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets. His father works in a factory which makes TV sets. 2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderful. The film which we saw last night was very wonderful. The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful. 3. who 指人(即它的先行词必须是人), 在从句中作主语或宾语。 但whom 是宾格, 只能作宾语。(that有时也指人. 代替 who, whom, 可作主语或宾语) 1)The girls who weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.
2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday. 4. whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 q I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen. I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. q. Please show me the book. Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red. q. I’ll call a person. His father knows you. I’ll call a person whose father knows you. q. I can’t find the house. My friend lives in it. I can’t find the house whose friend lives in it.
v关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时, 介词宾语只能用which代物, 和whom代人。(介词在末尾时, 关系词可以省略) 1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud. This is the hero(that) we are proud of. 2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there. 注意: 固定动介词组不可分割, 介词不能提前. 例如: look after, look at …
3 )The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big. 4). I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. ØHere are the picture-books that the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.
Ø 定语从句中需注意事项 v 有些情况下只用关系词that, 而不宜用which 1. 从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时, 只能用that 引导从句. § This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. § The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2. 先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时, 只能用that. § Here is something( that) I will tell you. § Not all that glitters is gold. 3. 先行词既有人也有物时, 只能用that引出从句 § I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.
4. 先行词是one of, the one, 或用little, few, no, all, any 作修饰，用that § Is it the one that you want ? §We haven’t got much that we can offer you. 5. 当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用that § Which is the bike that you lost? § Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? v从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用 用who, 而不用that 1. 先行词是one(s), anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who § Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. § One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2. 在there be 句型中，先行词指人, 关系词用who § There is an old man who wants to see you. §There are many young men who are against him.
附加部分 ————关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有 数种作用。 o 在从句中代替先行词。 o在句中作状语。 o连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。 关系副词有三种： where: 在从句中作地点状语, 指代地点. ( on/in/at…which) when: 在从句中作时间状语, 指代时间。(on/ in…which) why: 在从句中作原因状语, 指代原因。 the reason why
Ø关系副词的用法： 1. where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词） The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel. We stayed there. =The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean. 先行词 ＝ 关系词 ＝The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean. ＝The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean ＝The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasn’t clean.
2. when的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词） I’ll never forget the day + I joined the League on that day. on which I joined the League. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League. 3. why的用法： ( 表示原因的名词) The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. 从 句
üI. 把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句. 1. The little girl was crying on the street. Her money had been stolen. • The little girl whose money had been stolen was crying on the street. 2. The colour of the bike is green. Have you seen the bike? • Have you seen the bike whose colour is green. 3. The student didn’t agree with us. The student was standing under the tree. • The student who was standing under the tree didn’t agree with us. 4. Where is the man? The man talked with you just now. • Where is the man who talked with you just now? 5. The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday. • The watch(that) he gave me for my birthday is very nice. 6. The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday. • The book( that/which) you lent me yesterday is very interesting. 7. The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on the playground. • The teacher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our English teacher
8. The letter is from my friend. I received it yesterday. • The letter(that/which) I received yesterday is from my friend. 9. I’m reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My Cheese” • I’m reading a book whose name is “Who Moved My Cheese” 10. He works in a school. There is a big store near it. • He works in a school near which there is a big store. 11. He used to live in a house. In front of it grew many apple trees. • He used to live in a house in front of which grew many apple trees 12. This is the room. We lived in it last year. • This is the room (that/which)we lived in last year. • This is the room in which /where we lived last year. 13. The children are very healthy. She is looking after them. • The children (who/that)she is looking after them are very healthy. 14. I know the boy. He can speak English well. • I know the boy who/that can speak English well
15. The season is summer. It comes after spring. • The season which comes after spring is summer. 16. The man was American. I spoke to him yesterday. • The man (whom /that)I spoke to yesterday was American. • The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American. 17. I can’t find the house. My friend lives in it. • I can’t find the house (which /that) my friend lives in. • I can’t find the house in which /where my friend lives. 18. I know the boy. You are looking for him. • I know the boy (whom/who/that) you are looking for. 19. This is the town. He was born in the town. • This is the town (which/that) he was born in. • This is the town in which/where he was born. 20. We arrived here on the day. Do you remember it? • Do you remember the day( that/which) we arrived here on? • Do you remember the day on which we arrived here? • Do you remember the day when we arrived here?
üII. 单项选择。 A 1. This is the job ______they laughed at. A. which B. as C. it D. who C 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park______built about 300 years ago. A. where was B. that were C. which was D. where B 3. Who was the grey-haired man ______at yesterday’s meeting? A. we saw him B. we saw C. we saw who D. she was seen D 4. The man ______is painting the house is my uncle. A. he B. whom C. whose D. who 5. What is the animal ______baby is sleeping in its pocket? B A. who B. whose C. its D. which 6. This book is for the students ______native language isn’t English. C A. that B. of whom C. whose D. who’s 7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!I’ll shoot anyone ______moves!” C A. whom B. that C. who D. whose A 8. The dictionary_____he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A. which B. for which C. on which D. about which A 9 The boy_____parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A. whose B. who C. his D/ B 10. The man____is smoking is a tailor. A. whom B. who C. which D. what _______
11—Which animal is your favourite? —The one ______has a long neck. B A. which B. that C. it D. who C 12. Is this the factory _____produces colour TV sets? A. what B. /C. which D. where 13. The high building ______is a big hotel. C A. that he is looking B. which he is looking C. we are looking at D. at that we are looking 14 Is there anyone ___ can answer this question? A. which B. whom C. who D. he C A 15. In the afternoon we’ll visit the high school ______is very famous here. A. which B. where C. it D. / D 16. The fox ______ the chickens were killed was shot. A. that B. which C. for that D. by which B 17. The computer ______can store a lot of information is widely used today. A. in which B. that C. with which D. where A 18. Is this the bookstore_______you visited yesterday? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 19. Yesterday they saw the man and the dog _____ran after each other on the road. C A. who B. which C. that D. as A 20. Shanghai is the place in _____he was born. A. which B. what C. whose D. that
21. —Do you know the man ______is painting the house? B —Of course. He’s my uncle. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 22. The hospital ______was built last year will open soon. B A. where B. which C. who D. / D 23. This is the elephant ______left ear was shot. A. who B. that C. its D. whose A 24. The hospital ______his father works in is a new one. A. that B. in that C. in which D. where 26. The man ______watch was stolen is talking to the police. D A. his B. who C. who’s D. whose 27 The knife_____I cut the apple______can’t be found. B A. which, in B. which , with C. that , by D. that , for 28. Who has taken the dictionary____ cover is broken ？ D A. which B. that C. who D. whose B 29. Who is the girl to ______you just now talked ？ A. who B. whom C. that D. whose D 30. This is the book_____I’m looking for. A. / B. which C. that D. all the above
B 31 This is the only book ____I bought last year. A. which B. that C. what D. Both A and B A 32. All_____I’m going to do is good. A. that B. which C. what D. Both A and B A 33. The building_______ roof we can see is a hospital. A. whose B. which C. who’s D. at which A 34. This is the best book______I have read. A. that B. which C. what D. Both A and B A 35. This is the school_____ I worked seven years ago. A. in which B. in that C. which D. that 36. All the books_____I put on the desk are yours. A A. that B. which C. what D. Both A and B B 37. It’s quite different from______I saw last mouth. A. which B. the one C that D. the one what C 38. Is this the river______I can swim? A. which B. that C. in which D. the one B 39. Watch the old lady and her dog________are crossing the street. A. which B. that C. who D. they A 40. Can you lend me the dictionary______the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
B 41. The church _____we saw by the river was built a century ago. A. where B. which C. what D. in which A 42. Do you know who is living in that house _____windows face south? A. whose B. which C which of D. its C 43. Anyone _____with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 44 This is the last time ____I’ll give you a lesson. B A. when B. that C. what D. as B 45. I don’t think the number of people_____ this happens is very large. A. who B. to whom C. to which D. that D 46. Here is the dress_______in the shop window. A. You saw it B. that you saw it C. that saw it D. you saw 47. I was the only person in my office_______was invited. A A. who B. whom C which D. what B 48. The man ______hair is yellow is the thief. A. who B. whose C. that D. which B 49. This is the most beautiful bird _______I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. who D. whose D 50. The person to_______you talked is our maths teacher. A. which B. whose C. that D. whom
ü 根据汉语完成句子： who gave us a talk about computers 1. This is the engineer____________________ day. (给我们作关于计算机报告的) the other the only thing that’s missing who works in the room 2. My necklace is not _______________(唯一不见 (that/which) we live in 的东西） 3. The man____________(在这间房子里 作的)is a whose cover is yellow chemist. 4. The old building_____________(我们住的)has (that)you lost yesterday. been here for 30 years. (that) I have read 5. The history book _____________(封皮是黄的）was (which/that) my father bought me lost. which/that is grown in the north of China 6. Her is the pen _________________(你昨天丢 失的） who talk too much but do little 7. This is the best book________________(我读 过的）
定语从句单选题精选 1. His parents wouldn't let him marry D anyone ______ family was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. of whose B D. whose (89) 2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that (91) D 3. In the dark street , there wasn't a single person _____ she could turn for help. B A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom (92) 4. The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.
5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he B returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. D A. which B. where C. that D. when (96) 6. He was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse. A. who B. whom C. what D. which 7. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable. C A. which price B. its price C. the price of which D. the price of whose
A 8. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is 9. He lived in London for 3 months B during , ____ time he learned some English. A. this B. which C. that D. same A 10. On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue. A. whose B. of which C. which D. its
13. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. B That is _______ I got wet through. A. the reason B. the reason why C. that D. how 14. The boss. C ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose
猜猜看, 下面的句子明白了吗? 1. 不懂装懂，一事无成. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything, is indeed a good for nothing. 2. 甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 3. 万事开头难 It’s the first step that costs. 4. 千里之行，始于足下。 He who would climb that ladder must begin at the bottom. 5. 自满的人腹中空. He who is full of himself is very empty. 6. 闪光的未必都是金子 Not all that glitters is gold.
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