GPS-Ligado Update and ICAO FSMP PMSE Discussion Mike

GPS-Ligado Update and ICAO FSMP PMSE Discussion Mike Biggs US Federal Aviation Administration MNWG, Budapest, Hungary 16 May, 2017

Ligado MNWG May 2017 2

Ligado: Brief History Ø Many names: Skyterra, Light. Squared, New Light. Squared, Ligado Ø Same basic idea – repurpose mobile satellite spectrum for high density broadband communications Ø Original: Base Stations on two 10 MHz channels in 1525 1559 MHz with per channel EIRP up to 42 d. BW, and handsets on two 10 MHz channels in 1626. 5 1660. 5 MHz § Studied extensively by the USG during 2010 2012 timeframe and concluded would cause unacceptable interference to GPS MNWG May 2017 3

Current Ligado Proposal (1) Ø Base Stations at 1526 1536 MHz and 1670 1680 MHz, handsets still on two 10 MHz channels in 1626. 5 1660. 5 MHz § Combined satellite/terrestrial system to support “internet of things” § Concerns: GNSS in 1559 1610 MHz; Iridium MSS in 1616 1626 MHz and weather satellites in 1675 1680 MHz MNWG May 2017 4

Current Ligado Proposal (2) Ø For 1526 1536 MHz, would limit power as necessary to protect certified avionics use of GPS assuming 250’ “keep out” cylinder § Uses aviation criteria including safety margin § Unresolved issue re aircraft banking § No consensus re operational acceptability of cylinder concept MNWG May 2017 5

Current Ligado Proposal (3) Ø For 1526 1536 MHz, Ligado would calculate allowed tower EIRP on case by case basis given actual tower height, downtilt, etc § Ligado states expected range is 9 13 d. BW § License maximum would remain 32 d. BW Ø Issues: § Not clear what EIRP other incumbents should assume – especially where aggregate is an issue (e. g. , space based GPS receivers) § Many GPS receivers (especially high precision) are more susceptible than certified avionics • And unlikely to be able to respect a 250’ “keep out” cylinder (could get much closer) § While Ligado has reached various agreements with GPS manufacturers, not clear what that means in terms of protection of those GPS receivers. § To date three different test programs have catalogued GPS impacts • No consistent methodology or criteria MNWG May 2017 6

Current Ligado Proposal (4) Ø Other (non GPS/GNSS) issues: § Iridium MSS – Operates on a TDMA basis adjacent to planned Ligado handset band. Analysis indicates MSS downlink may be blocked by Ligado handset emissions. § Weather satellites • Geostationary Operational Environ mental Satellite (GOES) system Raw Instrument Data: 16 spectral bands plus data on lightning strikes and space weather Rebroadcast data: used by aviation, commercial weather media, energy and other industries Loss of 1675 1680 MHz would impact next generation GOES MNWG May 2017 7

FSMP discussion on PMSE (Program Making and Special Events) MNWG May 2017 8

What is FSMP? Ø Technical body of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Air Navigation Commission (ANC) Ø Frequency and Spectrum Management Panel § ICAO experts responsible for developing the ICAO Position for World Radiocommunications Conferences, and for liaison between ICAO and the International Telecommunications Union § Also responsible for managing aeronautical frequency spectrum on a global basis, in order to ensure sufficient access to the resource for the provision of aeronautical communication, navigation and surveillance services (CNS) in an efficient and safe manner Ø Latest meeting Mar/April 2017 in Bangkok, Thailand Ø PMSE effort was large discussion topic MNWG May 2017 9

What is PMSE Ø Wireless Microphones and in Ear Monitors § § § Supports freedom of movement Equipment worn on the body Facilitates holding events in almost any location Wireless nature significantly reduces installation costs Infrastructure: • it is not uncommon to find 50 wireless microphones and monitors on a stage • Eurovision uses more than 600 channels § Quality requirements • high quality spectrum • duty cycle 100% • Real time audio transmission MNWG May 2017 10

Current issue: Proposal by UK/Ofcom to use 960 1164 MHz band for PMSE Ø Want to make existing 700 MHz PMSE frequency band available for mobile data, starting in Q 2 2020 Ø Government grant scheme to support PMSE users who will have to vacate the 700 MHz band Ø Claim that planning criteria will ensure the protection of DME/TACAN from PMSE § Insufficient testing to ensure the protection of SSR/TCAS/ADS B from PMSE; a ± 15 MHz guard band would be used around 1030 & 1090 MHz Ø PMSE licenses would be time, location and frequency specific Ø Claim that they will enforce Spectrum Management Rules to minimise the risk of harmful interference to aeronautical systems in the 960 1164 MHz band MNWG May 2017 11

Current Status Ø Ofcom desire for global harmonization of PMSE to make equipment more affordable Ø 960 1164 MHz proposal being addressed by European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) in Working Group Frequency Management (WGFM) § Sent a letter to ICAO dated 07 February 2017 requesting “information on aeronautical, regulatory, legal and technical matters related to the possible sharing the frequency band 960 1164 MHz with low power audio PMSE”. § Next WGFM meeting May 15 19, 2017 in Dublin, Ireland Ø FSMP developed material for an ICAO response to WGFM MNWG May 2017 12

Non aviation example: JTIDS/MIDS Ø JTIDS/MIDS used as example of steps required to allow non aviation RR 4. 4* system in aviation band § Designed to enhance compatibility (short pulses, frequency hop scheme, notches, etc) § Extensive test program to determine technical and operational constraints § EMC Features to ensure shutdown if technical characteristics change from what was assumed; geographic servers to ensure operational assumptions maintained § National authority certification of terminals including EMC Features § Controlled/professional system operators *Article 4. 4 of ITU Radio Regulations (RR) allows Administrations to operate systems in derogation of the RR only on a non interference/no protection basis MNWG May 2017 13

FSMP View Ø General FSMP consensus that PMSE in aeronautical safety band is a bad idea. § Band fully populated and under consideration for future aeronautical systems § Aeronautical safety cases require stable environment • Emissions fully predictable • Systems shut down if emissions vary from what assumed in compatibility studies § Bands require certified equipment, software and users with radio operator’s certificate § Introduction of non aviation system cannot impact ability of aviation to manage band including changing system frequencies and operating parameters Ø ICAO will send a strong response back to WGFM and support the Dublin meeting in person § Text of response is available at: http: //www. icao. int/safety/FSMP/Pages/default. aspx follow links for FSMP WG/4, Flimsies, Flimsy 09 MNWG May 2017 14