Government Unit 3 S³G English Influences representative

Government Unit 3 S³G

English Influences: representative and limited Magna Carta 1215 - individuals rights, consent of Parliament before taxing Limited Government Community (Representatives, Parliament helps in making laws) MAGNA Make A Government Need Alot * A lot means a lot of people to run the country English Bill of Rights 1689 - no standing army, trial by jury, personal freedoms

Important People Montesquieu -MONTE: Separate, balanced, defined, limited (long one) Blackstone Locke Rights cannot be taken away. Social Contract Unalienable Rights- Rights are locked up and cannot be taken away.

Colonial Influences 1. Virginia House of Burgesses – Representative Government. 2. Mayflower Compact (1620) – SIMON Simon Likes Really Old Candy Self government Loyalty to England laws of the colony Representative government Obey the rules set up Civil Body Politic (Representatives Participate)

3. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: Elections; Rights of Citizens 4. Town Meetings: Religious Members 5. William Penn: Liberties, Constitution, Elections

English Colonies US Bill of Rights Articles Of Confederation US Constitution NO DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AS A GOVERNMENT

Articles of Confederation • First U. S. Constitution. • Weak National government.

Articles of Confederation To run colonies during American Revolution. Very Weak!!!!! W R eak War Every state financially independent A military and taxes were voluntary Kept power in states Rights in the territories Assembled land policies Treaty of Paris at

Articles of Confederation: - Structure – State level power. Each state was independent. Afraid of too much power in central government. “League of Friendship” Equal representation of Congress (1 vote per state) - Weaknesses – No central executive No National Court Could not collect taxes Hard to pass laws Tax goods from other states and make own money - Strengths – Orderly way to settle new Territories of Ohio River Valley. Northwest Ordinance – admitting new territories of Ohio River Valley 60, 000 equality of other states Limited Government Shay’s Rebellion-need new Government Country in Depression

Northwest Ordinance • Set up an orderly system to bring in new states.

US Constitution Questions Solved: Great Compromise LEG “Lets Eat Jelly” How Should states be represented for representation in the new Congress? Legislative Branch Two Houses of Congress: One Called House and other Senate. Should slaves count for representation? House-Count slaves as population with only 3/5 counting for TAXATION and REPRESENTATION. (3/5 Compromise) Should exports be taxed? Senate: 2 from each state Both Houses had to approve laws Tax ONLY imports

Small population states happy with equal votes in Senate(2). Large population states happy with 3/5 Compromise

Three-Fifths Compromise Settled how slaves would be counted for taxation and representation purposes.

Branches of Government Legislative-Congress Makes Laws Two Houses of Congress: House and Senate

Executive-President Carries out the Laws President answers to Legislative and Judicial

Judicial -Courts Interprets the Laws Supreme Court checks to see if states are following the Constitution and if acts of Congress and President follow the Constitution.

Federalists

Federalist Papers Propaganda to support the Constitution. Written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay.

George Mason Anti-Federalist who was concerned that the new Constitution was too powerful and would take away the rights of the people and the states.

Anti-Federalists Henry, Mason, Warren (HM-High Maintenance) Felt it would threaten individual liberties Needed Bill of Rights Too much power to Central Government

Bill of Rights First 10 Amendments to the Constitution. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. RAPS: Religion, Assembly, Press, Petition, Speech. Arms Quartering soldiers Search and Seizure Cannot take life, liberty, or property without due process, double jeopardy, self incrimination. 6. Trial for Criminal 7. Trial for Civil 8. Cruel and unusual punishment 9. Other Rights 10. Federalism, power not to federal go to state. Protection of Rights and Freedom for all people living in US.

James Madison “Father of the Constitution”

Structure / Jobs in Constitution Preamble – We the people. Six purposes

Articles Article #1 Article #2 Legislative Branch Congress Executive Branch President Judicial Branch Supreme Court Two Houses House - population Senate - make laws, declare war, money, trade, taxes. Commander in Chief Of Armed Forces Cases on Constitution or Laws passed by Congress or the states Foreign affairs, Enforce laws, sign laws Article #3

Constitutional Principles of a Democratic Republic People Carefully Reheat Supper Leftovers In Fireplaces P – Popular Sovereignty C – Check and Balances R – Republicanism S – Separation of Powers L - Limited Government I – Individual Rights F - Federalism

Popular sovereignty- People hold power, consent of governed through elections Checks and Balances-Major actions cannot be taken without approval of other two branches. 2 branches MUST be included Republicanism – Decisions made by elected representatives

Separation of Powers- Keeps power out of hands of one with each branch having different responsibilities. Limited Government – Self governing because the leaders can only do the powers of the Constitution. Individual Rights- Guarantees that cannot be taken away

Federalism – Powers divided by federal powers and state powers People Carefully Reheat Supper Leftovers In Fireplaces

Amendment Process • A living document to change with changing times. • Proposed by 2/3 of House and 2/3 Senate. (will you marry me? ) • Ratified by ¾ approval of states legislatures.

Citizenship 14 th Amendment – Defined Citizen Birth – Born Here in US NO Legal Process Naturalization – Legal Process -18 years old or older -Be able to read, speak simple English -Live here LEGALLY 5 years or more. -Understand US History and Government. -Swear Allegiance to US Constitution Citizens Responsibilities: Active participation like obey laws, pay taxes, serve on jury, testify (LEGAL) Citizens Should Do: Civic virtue, do what is right like vote, stay informed, etc.