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GOVERNANCE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE GOVERNANCE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE "NEW" AFRICA PIA 2574 “An End of Class Editorial”

Corny but… Corny but…

The Primacy of the African Nation-State- How sovereign a. Impact of trans-national actors b. The Primacy of the African Nation-State- How sovereign a. Impact of trans-national actors b. Issue of micro-states c. Rational Actor model- public or social choice theory

Swaziland; 6, 000 square miles Population, 1. 1 million Swaziland; 6, 000 square miles Population, 1. 1 million

The Primacy of the African Nation-State- How sovereign d. Collective choice is it non-rational? The Primacy of the African Nation-State- How sovereign d. Collective choice is it non-rational? Is it more than an aggregate of individuals? e. The role of international regimes- UN, World Bank, IMF, etc. New International Order (NIO)

Targeting Economic Groups Targeting Economic Groups

Democracy: What is it? Democracy and: l 1. Governance l 2. Local Government l Democracy: What is it? Democracy and: l 1. Governance l 2. Local Government l 3. Civil Society

Types of Democracy • Direct Democracy • Indirect Democracy • Pluralism vs. Polyarchy • Types of Democracy • Direct Democracy • Indirect Democracy • Pluralism vs. Polyarchy • Civil Society • Cooperative Movement

Review: James Madison and Democracy: l The problem with majorities l Tyranny l Factions Review: James Madison and Democracy: l The problem with majorities l Tyranny l Factions

Direct Democracy vs. Representative Democracy l Populism vs. Minority rights l Shifting majorities l Direct Democracy vs. Representative Democracy l Populism vs. Minority rights l Shifting majorities l Problem with Plebiscites Guinea 1958 “No” Vote

Definitions of Democracy in Africa l The First Issue: Opposition vs. Consensus l The Definitions of Democracy in Africa l The First Issue: Opposition vs. Consensus l The Second Issue: “A Chief is a Chief by the People”

Ashante, Ghana Ashante, Ghana

Definitions of Democracy: Review l Presidential Systems- Separation of Powers l Parliamentary systems. Representation Definitions of Democracy: Review l Presidential Systems- Separation of Powers l Parliamentary systems. Representation and Fusion l Traditional Africa- Consensus and hierarchy

South Africa’s Parliament South Africa’s Parliament

Defining Democracy l Village democracy and talking things out l Ubuntu, Ujamaa and Humanism Defining Democracy l Village democracy and talking things out l Ubuntu, Ujamaa and Humanism l How Collective, How Market Friendly

THE INSTITUTIONAL STATE l What is the THE INSTITUTIONAL STATE l What is the "Institutional State? “ l Why is it important?

The Institutional State: l Civil Society l Institutionalized Norms l Stable Government The Institutional State: l Civil Society l Institutionalized Norms l Stable Government

The Institutional State: l Permanent Government: The Administrative apparatus l Goal: Muted Cultural Differences The Institutional State: l Permanent Government: The Administrative apparatus l Goal: Muted Cultural Differences l Defining Bureaucracy- the permanent government

The Institutional State: The Reality l Breakdown of Governance l Bureaucracy and Corruption l The Institutional State: The Reality l Breakdown of Governance l Bureaucracy and Corruption l Military Coups

The Institutional State: The Reality l Self Serving Bureaucrats l Bureaucratic Elites l Civil The Institutional State: The Reality l Self Serving Bureaucrats l Bureaucratic Elites l Civil War-Violence: Inter-state Conflict and African Development

Governance and Sovereigntyl Rules of the Game politics: Zero/sum vs. sum/sum politics l Governance and Sovereigntyl Rules of the Game politics: Zero/sum vs. sum/sum politics l "Splintering"- the break up of statescentrifugal forces l Interest Group Liberalism-how real? l Civil Society as organizational, not individual, or the mass.

Congo Wars Congo Wars

Governance and Sovereigntyl The need for apathy? l Constitutional vs. social stability l Institutional Governance and Sovereigntyl The need for apathy? l Constitutional vs. social stability l Institutional structures and Checks and balances:

Traditional Society: l Forms of Traditional Influence in Local Government l Grass Roots- traditional Traditional Society: l Forms of Traditional Influence in Local Government l Grass Roots- traditional governance mechanisms governance in sub. Saharan Africa l The Answer or the Problem?

Traditional Influence-Review 1. Full Meeting (Town Hall style)- Direct Democracy 2. Pure Form- Traditional Traditional Influence-Review 1. Full Meeting (Town Hall style)- Direct Democracy 2. Pure Form- Traditional Councils (Appointed) 3. Partial- Half Elected/Half Traditional 4. Technical- deconcentrated. Department heads and Traditional (No Elections

African Justice? African Justice?

Traditional Influence 5. Specialized- Judicial Function 6. Specialized Partial- Land Board (2 Trad. , Traditional Influence 5. Specialized- Judicial Function 6. Specialized Partial- Land Board (2 Trad. , 2 LG, 2 Cen. Gov. ) 7. Bicameral- Traditional as an upper house

J. M. Coetzee, Disgrace (London: Penguin, 1999). l Born, 1940 J. M. Coetzee, Disgrace (London: Penguin, 1999). l Born, 1940

Cyprian Ekwensi, People of the City (London: Heineman, 1954) l 1921 -2007 Cyprian Ekwensi, People of the City (London: Heineman, 1954) l 1921 -2007

Peter Abrahams, Mine Boy (London: Heineman, 1946) l Born: 1919 Peter Abrahams, Mine Boy (London: Heineman, 1946) l Born: 1919

Discussion Points l HOW IMPORTANT IS DEMOCRACY FOR DEVELOPMENT? l HOW REALISTIC IS CIVIL Discussion Points l HOW IMPORTANT IS DEMOCRACY FOR DEVELOPMENT? l HOW REALISTIC IS CIVIL SOCIETY IN AFRICA? l CAN GOVERNMENT BE STABILIZED?

Discussion l What have you been Reading? l What Should your colleagues read? l Discussion l What have you been Reading? l What Should your colleagues read? l Logistics?