Gospel acc to John The Holy Spirit The

Gospel acc. to John: The Holy Spirit, The Paraclete Felix Just, S. J. , Ph. D. Loyola Institute for Spirituality, Orange, CA http: //catholic-resources. org

Send Us Your Spirit – Dan Schutte • Song published by O. C. P. Music – Removed here for copyright reasons, but available in many hymnals 2

Prayer Used at Vatican II We stand before you, Holy Spirit, conscious of our sinfulness, but aware that we gather in your name. Come to us, remain with us, and enlighten our hearts. Give us light and strength to know your will, to make it our own, and to live it in our lives. Guide us by your wisdom, support us by your power, for you are God, sharing the glory of Father and Son. You desire justice for all: enable us to uphold the rights of others; do not allow us to be misled by ignorance or corrupted by fear or favor. Unite us to yourself in the bond of love and keep us faithful to all that is true. As we gather in your name may we temper justice with love, so that all our discussions and reflections may be pleasing to you,

What is "spirit" / "Spirit"? 4

What is "spirit" / "Spirit"? Defs. of "spirit" in English (from dictionary. com): 1. the principle of conscious life; the vital principle in humans, animating the body or mediating between body and soul. 2. the incorporeal part of humans: present in spirit though absent in body. 3. the soul regarded as separating from the body at death. 4. conscious, incorporeal being, as opposed to matter: 5

Def. of "spirit/Spirit" (cont. ) a fairy, sprite, or elf. 7. an angel or demon. 8. an attitude or principle that inspires, animates, or pervades thought, feeling, or action: the spirit of reform. 9. (initial capital letter) the divine influence as an agency working in the human heart. 10. a divine, inspiring, or animating being or influence. Num. 11: 25; Is. 32: 15. 11. (initial capital letter) the third person of the Trinity; Holy Spirit. 12. the soul or heart as the seat of feelings or sentiments, or as prompting to action: a man of broken spirit. 13. spirits, feelings or mood with regard to exaltation or depression: low spirits; good spirits. 6. 6

Def. of "spirit/Spirit" (cont. ) 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. temper or disposition: meek in spirit. an individual as characterized by a given attitude, disposition, character, action, etc. : A few brave spirits remained to face the danger. the dominant tendency or character of anything: the spirit of the age. vigorous sense of membership in a group: college spirit. the general meaning or intent of a statement, document, etc. (opposed to letter): the spirit of the law. Chemistry. the essence or active principle of a substance as extracted in liquid form, esp. by distillation. Often, spirits. a strong distilled alcoholic liquor. Chiefly British. alcohol. Pharmacology. a solution in alcohol of an essential or volatile principle; essence. any of certain subtle fluids formerly supposed to permeate the body. the Spirit, God. –adjective pertaining to something that works by burning alcoholic spirits: a spirit stove. of or pertaining to spiritualist bodies or activities. –verb (used with object) to animate with fresh ardor or courage; inspirit. to encourage; urge on or stir up, as to action. to carry off mysteriously or secretly (often fol. by away or off): His captors spirited him away. Idiom out of spirits, in low spirits; depressed: We were feeling out of spirits after so many days of rain. 7

"Spirit" in the Bible n Heb. Ruach & Gk. Pneuma refer to various things – Root meaning: "moving air" = wind, breath, spirit – Could be something natural, human, evil, or divine n Hebrew Bible: Ruach – Translation of Gen 1: 1 -2? – "In the beginning when God created the heavens and the earth, the earth was a 8

Jacques Tissot - Creation 9

"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible n God’s Ruach as the basis of life – "Then the LORD God formed man (Adam) from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and the man became a living being. " (Gen 2: 7) – "Then he said to me, ‘Prophesy to the breath, prophesy, mortal, and say to the breath: Thus says the Lord GOD: Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain, that they may 10

Ezekiel 37 Georg Weigel 11

"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible n God’s Ruach with prophets, judges, kings – "Then the LORD came down in the cloud and spoke to him (Moses), and took some of the spirit that was on him and put it on the seventy elders; and when the spirit rested upon them, they prophesied. But they did not do so again. " (Num 11: 25) n Note: "Prophecy" is not "predicting the future" 12

"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible n God’s Ruach on the Messiah: – “A shoot shall come out from the stump of Jesse, and a branch shall grow out of his roots. – The spirit of the LORD shall rest on him, – the spirit of wisdom and understanding, – the spirit of counsel and might, – the spirit of knowledge and the fear of the LORD” 13

"Spirit" in the Bible n Greek Bible used by Early Christians: – Old Testament (LXX) & New Testament n PNEUMA = any "moving air": wind, breath, spirit – Cf. English "pneumonia" = illness of the lungs – or "pneumatic" (air-powered) tools: drills, pumps… n Greek verbs pneo / ekpneo = "to breathe 14

"Pneuma" in the NT n n Something in nature: moving air, wind, breath Something human, but from God: spirit of adoption, spirit of faith, spirit of gentleness, spirit of glory, spirit of grace, spirit of holiness, spirit of life, spirit of power & love & selfdiscipline, spirit of prophecy, spirit of wisdom and revelation, spirit of your 15

"Pneuma" in the NT (cont. ) n Something demonic: – evil spirit, unclean spirit – demonic spirit, foul spirit – spirit of an unclean demon – spirit of cowardice, spirit of divination – spirit of error, spirit of slavery – spirit of the antichrist – spirit of the world, sluggish spirit 16

"Pneuma" in the NT (cont. ) n Something divine: – Holy Spirit, Holy Spirit of God – Spirit of (our) God, Spirit of the Living God, – Spirit of the Lord, Spirit of your Father, – Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead, – Spirit of His Son, Spirit of Jesus – Spirit of Christ, Spirit of Jesus Christ – Spirit that is from God – Spirit of Truth, eternal Spirit – seven spirits of God (only in Rev 3) 17

Trinity from Mission Santa Clara & by El Greco 18

Holy Spirit? Icon by Andrei Rublev 19

Trinity from Mission Santa Clara 20

"Holy Spirit" in the Gospels (see statistics table on handout) n Mark: – "spirit" used 24 times, but "Holy Spirit" only 4 times n Matthew: – "spirit" used 19 x, but "Holy Spirit" only 5 x n Luke + Acts: – "spirit" used 36 x + 70 x; "Holy Spirit" used 13 x + 41 x – "Holy Spirit" drives all the action (see handout) 21

"Holy Spirit" in the Gospels 22

"Holy Spirit" in MARK n 1: 8 – [John the Baptist]: "I have baptized you with water; but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit. " (cf. Matt 3: 11; Luke 3: 16) n 1: 10 – And just as [Jesus] was coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens torn apart and the Spirit descending like a dove on him. (cf. Matt 3: 16; Luke 3: 22) n n 3: 28 b-29 a – "Whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit can never have forgiveness. . . " (Matt 12: 32; Luke 12: 10) 12: 35 -36 – "How can the scribes say that the Messiah is the son of David? / David himself, by the Holy Spirit, declared, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, "Sit at my right hand, until I put your enemies under your feet. " ’ " (cf. Matt 22: 43; shorter in Luke 12: 42) n 13: 11 – "When they bring you to trial and hand you over, do 23

"Holy Spirit" more in MATT. n 1: 18 -20 – Now the birth of Jesus the Messiah took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been engaged to Joseph, but before they lived together, she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit. / … an angel of the Lord appeared to [Joseph] in a dream and said, "Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, for the child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. " n 12: 27 -28 – "If I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your own exorcists cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges. / But if it is by the Spirit of God that I cast out demons, then the kingdom of God has come to you. " (Luke 11: 20 has "finger of God") n 28: 19 – "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, 24

Holy Spirit in LUKE’s Gospel n With John the Baptist: – Angel Gabriel says: “Even before his birth, he will be filled with the Holy Spirit” (1: 15); …he will act “with the spirit and power of [the prophet] Elijah” (1: 17) – the child grows and becomes “strong in spirit” (1: 80). n With Mary: – Gabriel tells Mary how she will conceive Jesus: 25

Annunciation – J. Tissot 26

Holy Spirit in Luke (cont. ) n With Elizabeth: – When Mary visits her pregnant older cousin, Elizabeth is "filled with the Holy Spirit" (1: 41). n In Mary’s Song of Praise: – The Magnificat: "My soul magnifies the Lord, and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior" (1: 46 -47). n With Zechariah: – After the birth of John the Baptist, his father 27

Holy Spirit in Luke (cont. ) n Simeon: – In Jerusalem, "the Holy Spirit rested on" a righteous man named Simeon (2: 25) – The Holy Spirit had revealed to him that he would not die before seeing the Messiah (2: 26) – So the Spirit guides him to the Temple, where he encounters the infant Jesus and his parents (2: 27). 28

Holy Spirit in Luke (cont. ) n Preparing for Jesus: – John the Baptist contrasts himself and Jesus: "I baptize you with water; but one who is more powerful than I is coming; I am not worthy to untie thong of his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. " (3: 16) n Baptism of Jesus: – After Jesus is baptized, "the Holy Spirit 29

Baptism of Jesus (Luke 3) Jacques Tissot 30

Holy Spirit in Luke (cont. ) n Temptation of Jesus: – Before beginning his public ministry, "Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit in the wilderness" (4: 1), where he is tempted by the devil. n Jesus begins his Ministry: – After resisting the devil's temptations in the desert, Jesus returns to Galilee "filled with the power of the Spirit" (4: 14), and begins 31

Holy Spirit in Luke (cont. ) n "Inaugural Event" in synagogue at Nazareth: – Visiting his hometown, Jesus reads from the scroll of the prophet Isaiah: "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good news to the poor" (4: 18) – After finishing the reading, Jesus declares, "Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing" (4: 21), implying 32

Jesus at Nazareth (Luke 4) Jacques Tissot 33

Holy Spirit in Luke (cont. ) n Review of material so far: – All from the first four chapters of Luke. – H. S. is with Elizabeth, Mary, Zechariah, Simeon, and John the Baptist – Holy Spirit is with Jesus, at the beginning n FEW refs to the Holy Spirit in the rest of Luke! – Why not? 34

Holy Spirit in Luke (cont. ) n Jesus’ Public Ministry: – Jesus casts many "unclean spirits" and "evil spirits" out of various people (4: 33, 36; 6: 18; 7: 21; 8: 29; 9: 39, 42; 10: 20; 11: 24, 26; 13: 11). – After seventy disciples return from their mission, Jesus "rejoiced in the Holy Spirit" and thanks God for hiding things from the wise but revealing them to infants (10: 21). 35

Holy Spirit in Luke (cont. ) n Jesus teaches his disciples about the H. S. : – Teaching about prayer: "If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!" (11: 13). – In response to criticism from his opponents: "Everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven; but whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven" (12: 10). 36

Holy Spirit in Luke (cont. ) n Death of Jesus: – The final words of Jesus on the cross (in Luke): “Then Jesus, crying with a loud voice, said, ‘Father, into your hands I commend my spirit. ’ Having said this, he breathed his last” (Luke 23: 46 – exepneusen). 37

Holy Spirit in Luke (cont. ) n Appearances of the Risen Jesus: – When Jesus appears to his disciples, they are at first afraid, thinking that they were seeing a ghost / spirit (24: 37). – But Jesus assures them he is not a ghost / spirit, but can be seen and touched, since he has flesh and bones (24: 39). n Ascension of Jesus: (add to handouts) – Jesus tells his disciples to await "what my Father promised, " namely "power from on 38

Holy Spirit in Luke: Review n Very often in the Infancy Narrative – Elizabeth, Mary, Zechariah, Simeon, J. B. n Often at the start of Jesus’ ministry – Baptism, Temptations, Inaugural Preaching n With/in Jesus throughout his 39

Send Us Your Spirit – David Haas • Song published by G. I. A. Music – Removed here for copyright reasons, but available in many hymnals 40

Holy Spirit in ACTS n The Acts of the Apostles? – Vol. 2, sequel to Luke’s Gospel (see Acts 1: 1) – Similar themes & emphases as Luke’s Gospel – Prayer, Praise, Preaching, Poor, Healings, Meals… n The Acts of the Holy Spirit? – As in Luke's Gospel, the Spirit of God inspires and guides most of the action in 41

Holy Spirit in ACTS (cont. ) n Author (Luke) tells us that Jesus gave instructions to his chosen apostles "through the Holy Spirit" – Acts 1: 2 n The disciples are "baptized with the Holy Spirit" on the day of Pentecost – Event promised by Jesus in 1: 5, 8 – Event narrated by the Evangelist in 2: 1 -4 – Event recalled by Peter in 11: 15 -16 42

Pentecost (Acts 2) Gustave Doré 43

Pentecost – Wind? Spirit? 44

Pentecost Event in ACTS 2 When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place. 2 And suddenly from heaven there came a sound like the rush of a violent wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. 3 Divided tongues, as of fire, appeared among them, and a tongue rested on each of them. 4 All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other languages, as the Spirit gave them ability. 5 Now there were devout Jews from every nation under heaven living in Jerusalem. 6 And at this sound the crowd gathered and was bewildered, because each one heard them speaking in the native language of each. 7 Amazed and astonished, they asked, "Are not all these who are speaking Galileans? 8 And how is it that we hear, each of us, in our own native language? 9 Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, 10 Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya belonging to Cyrene, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, 11 Cretans and Arabs--in our own languages we hear them speaking 45

Holy Spirit in ACTS (cont. ) n The apostles are "full of" or "filled with" the Holy Spirit, esp. when they preach – 1: 8; 2: 4; 4: 8, 31; 11: 24; 13: 9, 52 n The Spirit "speaks to" the apostles and prophets – 8: 29; 10: 19; 11: 12; 13: 1 -4; 21: 11 n Deacons/ministers must also be "full of the Spirit" (6: 1 -6), esp. when they prophesy – 6: 10; 7: 55 -59; 11: 28; 21: 4 46

Holy Spirit in ACTS (cont. ) n God "will pour out" his Spirit on all people and all nations in the last days – 2: 17 -18, 33; 10: 45 n Believers, including Gentiles, receive the Holy Spirit when they repent and are baptized – 2: 38; 15: 8; 19: 5 -6 n Sometimes the reception of the Holy Spirit even precedes baptism (see 10: 44 - 47

Peter & Cornelius (Acts 10) 48

Holy Spirit in ACTS 10 n Peter in the Household of Cornelius (Roman Centurion) n While Peter was still speaking, the Holy Spirit fell upon all who heard the word. 45 The circumcised believers who had come with Peter were astounded that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles, 46 for they heard them speaking in tongues and extolling God. Then Peter said, 47 "Can anyone withhold the water for baptizing these people who have received the Holy Spirit just as we 49 44

Holy Spirit in ACTS (cont. ) n Some people "test" or "lie to" or "oppose" the Holy Spirit, with dire consequences – 5: 1 -11; 7: 51 n Spirit is conferred through the "laying on of hands" – 8: 17 -19; 9: 17; 19: 6 n The Spirit leads and guides the decisions and actions of the Christian leaders – 15: 28; 16: 6 -7; 19: 21; 20: 22 -23 50

“Spirit” in JOHN’s Gospel n Meanings of pneuma: – “wind” (John 3: 8) – animating force of human life (3: 6) – Jesus’ own life force (11: 33; 13: 21; 19: 30) – something Jesus gives the disciples (20: 22) – something coming from God (1: 32 -33; 3: 5 -8; 15: 26) n “Holy Spirit” rare in John (only 3 x; cf. Luke/Acts) 51

“HOLY SPIRIT” in John n “Holy Spirit” present 3 x in Fourth Gospel: – near beginning (Jesus’ baptism; 1: 32 -33) – middle (Last Supper discourse; 14: 26) – end (first appearance of risen Jesus; 20: 22) n Curious that “Spirit” not mentioned in Prologue – Yet “Logos” in John 1: 1 -5 has much the same role as the “Spirit” in the creation 52

“PARACLETE” in John n Greek parakaleo (“to call to one’s side”) – Verb occurs often in NT, esp. Paul’s letters n Related noun parakletos only in John and 1 John – Translations? Counselor, Comforter, Advocate, etc. n Outside NT: parakaleo and parakletos used mostly in juridical/courtroom contexts 53

“PARACLETE” in John 54

Roles of the “PARACLETE” n Companion – will be with disciples “forever” after Jesus is gone (14: 16 -18; cf. 1 John 3: 24; 4: 13) n n Teacher – will “remind” disciples about Jesus’ own words & teachings (14: 26) Legal witness – will give “testimony” about Jesus to the disciples & world (15: 26) Judge – will “convict” (or “convince”? ) the world “about sin & righteousness & judgment” (16: 8 -11) Revealer – will “guide” disciples to “truth” 55

Texts with “PARACLETE” 14: 14 -17 – “If in my name you ask me for anything, I will do it. / If you love me, you will keep my commandments. / And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another ADVOCATE, to be with you forever. / This is the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him. You know him, because he abides with you, and he will be in you. ” 14: 25 -26 – “I have said these things to you while I am still with you. / But the ADVOCATE, the 56

Texts with “PARACLETE” 15: 26 -27 – “When the ADVOCATE comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who comes from the Father, he will testify on my behalf. / You also are to testify because you have been with me from the beginning. ” 16: 7 – “Nevertheless I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the ADVOCATE will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you. ” 57

Questions for Reflection n Is Paraclete sent by the Father (John 14: 16; 14: 26) or by Jesus himself (15: 26; 16: 7)? n Why can’t the world “receive” the Spirit/ Paraclete (14: 17)? n Why can’t the Spirit/ Paraclete be sent until after Jesus’ departure (16: 7)? n What’s the relationship between Holy Spirit and forgiveness of sins (20: 21 -23)? 58

East Trinity vs. West Trinity Father (Creator) Son (Savior) Spirit (Life-giver) Father Son (Creator) (Savior) Spirit (Life-giver) 59

East vs. West 60

Holy Spirit in n US Today? Is the Holy Spirit present within us? How? – Just like in the Apostles, as depicted in Acts? – In our Preaching, Teaching, Healing, etc. ? – In the Charismatic Movement? n Evidence of God’s Spirit within us: – Not just from Luke or Acts, but also from Paul 61

Trinity Symbols – by Rudolf Koch 62

"Holy Spirit" in the Creeds n Apostles’ Creed (10 th Century): – I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen. n Nicene - online) Creed (Council of Nicea (AD 325 – We believe in one God the Father 63

Creed of Nicea/Constantinople n Council of Constantinople (AD 381): – And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceeds from the Father [and the Son], who together with the Father and the Son is to be adored and glorified, who spoke by the Prophets. And one holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. We confess one baptism for the remission of 64

Catechism of the Catholic Church Part I, Section 2, Chapter 3, Article 8 (In Brief) CCC (1983 - online): Part I, Section 2, Chapter 3: – Article 8 (par. 683 -747); Articles 9 -12 (par. 748 -1060) 742 "Because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, 'Abba! Father!"' (Gal 4: 6). 743 From the beginning to the end of time, whenever God sends his Son, he always sends his Spirit: their mission is conjoined and inseparable. 744 In the fullness of time the Holy Spirit completes in Mary all the preparations for Christ's coming 65

Catechism of the Catholic Church Part I, Section 2, Chapter 3, Article 8 (In Brief) 745 The Son of God was consecrated as Christ (Messiah) by the anointing of the Holy Spirit at his Incarnation (cf. Ps 2: 6 -7). 746 By his Death and his Resurrection, Jesus is constituted in glory as Lord and Christ (cf. Acts 2: 36). From his fullness, he poured out the Holy Spirit on the apostles and the Church. 747 The Holy Spirit, whom Christ the head pours out on his members, builds, animates, and sanctifies the Church. She is the sacrament of the Holy 66 Trinity's communion with men.

The Spirit Sends Us Forth • Song by Dolores Dufner, OSB • Published by Oregon Catholic Press (OCP) – Removed here for copyright reasons, but available in many OCP Hymnals 67

Additional Resources: n Fr. Just’s "Catholic Resources" Website: – Several pages on the "Holy Spirit" in the NT – http: //catholic-resources. org n Audio CD-Programs from Now You Know Media – The New Testament: A Guided Tour – The Lectionary: A Treasure for Liturgy & Prayer 68

Your Comments / Questions? n God’s Spirit / Holy Spirit / Paraclete in John? n Presence of God’s Holy Spirit today? – In our individual lives? – In our families and communities? – In our Church, local and worldwide? – In our nation and the whole world? 69

For Your Prayer & Reflection n In what ways do you need the Holy Spirit to be a “Paraclete”, to be “at your side”, to assist you? n In John’s thought, JESUS was the first Paraclete, the Holy Spirit of God is “another” Paraclete, but we also are to be “Paraclete” for others: In what ways do we accompany/assist

The Serenity Prayer n n God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change; courage to change things I can; and wisdom to know the difference. Living one day at a time; Enjoying one moment at a time; Accepting hardships as the pathway to peace; Taking, as He did, this sinful world as it is, not as I would have it; Trusting that He will make all things right if I surrender to His Will; That I may be reasonably happy in this life and supremely happy with Him forever in the next. Amen. --Reinhold Niebuhr

What Can We NOT Change? n THE PAST! • Time only flows forward, not backward. n OTHER PEOPLE! • We can sometimes change others externally or physically • But we CAN’T change what other people think, or say, or do.

What CAN We Change? n OURSELVES • How WE remember and think about the past. • How WE react to what others say and do! n Our WORLD • Our physical environment or space n Our ATTITUDES • Glass half empty or half full?

Types of CHANGE n BIG Decisions / BIG Changes: • Location; Career/Job; Family Status • Religion? (Conversions to other faiths? ) • Life’s Goal / Overall Direction n DAILY Decisions / Small Changes: • Virtues & Vices • Attitudes & Actions