GOODS as a main production result 1. Goods: Definition & Meaning, Classification. 2. Manufacturing Program. Indexes of production volume. 3. Quality: Definition and Indexes. Support methods and Enhancement ways.
1. Goods: Definition & Meaning, Classification.
Goods of Enterpriseuseful n prime result of production processes n
Organization of goods production Selection of goods Selection of production processes Placement of production Calculation of production capacity
Classification of enterprise goods (1) According to consumption properties: n n Tangible Intangible
Classification of enterprise goods (2) According to economic function: n n n Industrial goods Commodities Military goods
Classification of enterprise goods (3) According to branch origin: Class 1. Chemicals Class 2. Paints Class 3. Cosmetics and Cleaning Preparations Class 4. Lubricants and Fuels Class 5. Pharmaceuticals etc by International Patent Classification (IPC)
Classification of enterprise goods (4) According the physical properties, namely: according to period of storage: n with long period of storage n with limited period of storage According to influence on environment: q non dangerous q dangerous
Classification of enterprise goods (5) According to stage of processing: n n Row materials Goods in process Semi-finished product Finished Goods
Classification of enterprise goods (6) According to production objective: q Main product q Joint product
Classification of enterprise goods (7) According to enterprise profile: q Profile product q Non-core product
2. Manufacturing Program. Indexes of production volume.
Manufacturing Program defines structure, quality and volume of goods, that is to be produced within a planing period and delivered to consumers, represents the final objective goal of enterprise activity, is a leading chapter as perspective (strategic), so routine (annual) plans of enterprise
Manufacturing Program of Enterprise Can be calculated in • Natural parameters • Monetary value
Manufacturing Program of Enterprise includes • Nomenclature & Assortment • Cost parameters of Production Volume and Sales Volume
Stages of Manufacturing Program Preparation in natural parameters First Stage. Marketing research. Contracts
Second Stage. Project Production Volume: , де - inventory of j- goods on the beginning and in the end of planning period; - project delivery volume in natural parameters.
Third Stage. Project Calculations & Project Justification (in natural parameters based on production capacity)
BALANCE (plan) of production capacity (PC) Fat-and-Oil enterprise in 20. … Product overview PC PC PC begin- lead in taken ning power out of year service PC PC Product PC ending average ion usage, annual volume average (plan) annual (index) 1. Oil, t 2. Margarine, t 3. Mayonnaise, t 24340 14632 10886 25100 15683 11510 1220 1053 847 460 223 24847 15094 11230 21466 11450 10827 0, 863 0, 759 0, 964
Forth Stage. Distribution of the annual plan into planning quarters, months, weeks etc.
Planning of Goods Production in monetary value(1) Commodity output - Value of goods, that were produced in the current period for sale.
Planning of Goods Production in monetary value (2) Commodity output includes: • Finished goods; • Spare parts & semi-finished products of own make and also goods of supplementary operations that will be delivered to consumers; • Industrial works made for clients and for nonindustrial departments (units) of own enterprises; • Major (capital) repair and modernization of own equipment and transport, made by workers of enterprise; • Packaging materials that wasn’t included in the sales price.
Planning of Goods Production in monetary value (3) Commodity output can be calculated q in current prices (output) q in comparable prices (comparable output)
Planning of Goods Production in monetary value (4) Gross Output Product (GOP) - represents the total value of goods production of enterprise (its turnover) in an accounting period (e. g. a quarter or a year), before subtracting the value of intermediate goods used up in production. . .
Planning of Goods Production in monetary value (5) Gross Output Product (GOP) GOP = COСom + Gi. Pe - Gi. Pb де COСom - comparable commodity output, Gi. Pe - Gi. Pb – changes in volume of Goods in Process in accounting period.
Planning of Goods Production in monetary value (6) Gross Output Product (GOP) can be calculated prices. only in comparable
Planning of Goods Production in monetary value (7) Gross Turnover (GT) - Sales value of all products, goods, materials and services provided by all operations, sectors, and units of enterprise (including services to each other). The part of GT that was included into calculation few times (repeated accounting), is called inside turnover of the plant.
Planning of Goods Production in monetary value (8) Goods Sold (GS) – represents the value of sales by producing enterprise, that will be delivered and paid by consumers in an accounting period (e. g. a quarter or a year). This is a main value parameter of the Manufacturing Program.
Planning of Goods Production in monetary value (9) Goods Sold (GS): GS = COCUR + IB – IE + GB – GE , де COCUR – commodity output in current prices, IB, IE – goods inventory in monetary value on the beginning and in the end of the planning period; GB , GE – value of goods on the beginning and in the end of the planning period, that was delivered to consumers, but has been not paid yet.
Planning of Goods Production in monetary value (10) Goods Sold (GS): can be calculated only in current wholesale prices of enterprise.
Net Output In economic sense it represents VALUE ADDED on enterprise. NO = CO-МC-D , де МC – material costs D - depreciation
3. Quality: Definition and Indexes. Support methods and Enhancement ways.
Competitive Product –Good or service that can be sold in profitable quantities (within a certain market) on the basis of its price, quality, and service combination preferred by buyers over that offered by competing products
«Quality of Goods» “Use value” of labor-product “utility” of labor -product “technological level” of labor-product
Interconnection between quality of goods and efficiency of business activity Advancing in quality of goods production in quality of goods development Enhancement of user value of the good Increase in prices Increase of business segment Income grow Зниження витрат на виробництво, реалізацію та обслуговування продукції Enhancement of efficiency of production/business activity
Матриця Германа Саймона (інформаційна асиметрія) Обєктивна якість (погляд фірми) Н В В 1. Інформаційний надлишок 2. Технікоінформаційне випередження Н 3. Технікоінформаційне відставання 4. Інформаційний дефіцит Суб'єктивна якість (погляд споживача)
Parameters of Quality Depending on customer satisfaction (Kano model) Depending on quality properties §Attractive §One-Dimensional §Must-Be §Indifferent §Reverse §Technical effect (purpose) §economical §transportability §realibility §technological §Patent & Law §ergonomic §Standardization & §Unification §Ecological §aesthetic §safety Depending on number of properties to estimate §single §complex
Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) n A statistical measurement of the maximum number of defective goods considered acceptable in a particular sample size. If the acceptable quality level (AQL) is not reached for a particular sampling of goods, manufacturers will review the various parameters in the production process to determine the areas causing the defects.
Estimation Methods for Quality Level n n Objective Organoleptic Differentiate Complex
Main Elements of Quality Management n n Standardization & Certification; State control; In-house Quality System; In-process technological Quality Control.
Standard Classes n n n n International and regional standards Ukrainian state standards (national standards) Ukrainian branch standards Standards of professional unions Ukrainian technical conditions Standards of enterprises Code of Кодекс усталеної практики
National sign -demonstrates that this product meets all requirements of all standards for such products
Types of certification 1. According to state regulation: • obligatorily, • voluntary. 2. According to product: • Certification of tangible goods, • Certification of works and services, • Certification of Quality Assurance System; 3. According to special object: • Certification of Quality Assurance System, • Environmental Certification, • Certification of Corporate Social Responsibility;