Good Afternoon Registered Nurses Scientific English 331

Good Afternoon

Registered Nurses Scientific English 331 Faculty of Nursing School of Nursing 2011 Second Semester

Title: Registered Nurses Enfermera Registrada Duties: • Treat patients • Educate patients and the public about various medical conditions • Provide advice and emotional support to patients’ family members. • Record patients’ medical histories and symptoms • Help perform diagnostic tests and analyze results • Operate medical machinery • Administer treatment and medications • Help with patient follow-up and rehabilitation

• Teach patients and their families how to manage their illnesses or injuries • Promote general health by educating the public on warning signs and symptoms of disease. • Run general health screening or immunization clinics, blood drives, and public seminars on various conditions. • Establish a care plan or contribute to an existing plan. • Provide direction to licensed practical nurses and nursing aides regarding patient care. • Perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures • May have prescriptive authority.

Registered Nurses • Education and Training in Panama: Nursing schools are currently available UNACHI and the University of Panama and her extension in the area of Chitre. • Earnings in Panama: earn 745 per month and work 8 hours daily. will increase the salaries of two years of working in the institution. for example, two years later would be 795 per month.

location: hospitals in which they can work: In. Panamá: ß San Miguel Arcangel Hospital ß Complejo Arnulfo Arias Madrid Hospital In Coclé: ß Hospital Chicho Fábrega In Chitré: ß Hospital El Vigía Chiriquí: ß Hospital regional Rafael hernández ß Hospital Materno Infantil José Domingo de Obaldía ß Hospital Dionisio Arrocha

SPECIALTY: Perioperative Nurses Enfermera preoperatoria Stephany caballero Duties: Earnings: üMonitor vital constants before, during and after surgery. ü Monitor the patient's cardiorespiratory status. üAssess the area of the wound üprepare the patient for surgery The nurses started $700. 00 and 50. 00 dollars for specialty. Location: üis the operating room Education and Training in Panama: In Panama no have center for training nurses in this specialty, but the hospital provider a courses in this especialty. She have a bachelor's degree and be registered and have years of service. Information by Miss Ingrid Sima HJDDO

Specialty: Diabetes management nurses • Duties: As a diabetes management nurse, you’ll deal with patients who have Type I and Type II diabetes, both of which can mean huge changes in what the patients eats as well as huge changes in other parts of life. Your role could include educating patients and their families about this disease and its risks, monitoring blood sugar, developing nutritional plans with patients, and more. Depending on your level of education, your employer, and the state where you live, you could also administer or even prescribe medications to aid with patients’ diabetes management. • Location: In hospitals, specialized centers, health tours, homes. • Education and Training in Panama: In Panama no there is now a specialty for this area. however, the nurse provides total care to the patient suffering from diabetes. looking to meet their needs and help in their treatment. Community nurses also guide the population on how to prevent type 2 diabetes. • Earnings: . As a diabetes management nurse, your salary will be linked to a number of factors, such as level of education, location, type of employer, certification status, and more. This is a career area that is growing rapidly, so you can expect to see higher and higher average salary amounts for diabetes management nurses in the coming years. Right now, diabetes management nurses make an average of $53, 000 annually at the RN level.

Specialty: Dermatology Nurses (Does not exist in Panama) Duties: v. Work with patients with disorders of the skin such as cancer and psoriasis. v. Also responsible for the study of the structure and function of the skin. v. As well as diseases that affect v. Its prevention at the same time carries a select procedure to control possible injuries or illnesses to this. Location: v. Hospitals and private clinics Education and Training in Panama: Called phone via different nurse specialists and personal interviews were conducted on September 16, 2011, and I am told that this specialty is not practised in Panama but in other countries if without however concern if it exists as a specialty. Earnings: His salary is unknown because there is no Panama Johan Concepción

_Geriatric nurse _Gastroenterology nurse Scientific English 331 Faculty of Nursing School of Nursing 2011 Second Semester Student: Aneth Delgado ID: 4 -755 -1048

Title: Geriatric nurse Equivalent: Enfermera geriátrica Duties: - Differentiate from a holistic perspective, normal aging and the disease in an older adult. - Identify health problems and deviations according to the model Orem. - Consider diagnosis and intervention. - Classify the nursing system to use - Know and apply basic nursing care geriatric - Strengthening self-care practices for older adults and their caregivers. - Provide support to caregivers

Perform detailed physical exam: - Find those parameters of normality and to identify pathologies. - Indicate frequent health checks - Encourage participation in organized groups - Educate about personal cleanliness - Encourage brushing comiday after cleaning the denture. - Lubricate the surface areas and massage of the joints - Hydrate the earlobe to prevent dryness and itching in the area

Education and Training in Panama: -Degree in Nursing - Directing the work in the room by the supervising nurse - Requires specialty in geriatrics Earnings in Panama: $ 800 Job outlook: In our present and near future the population pyramid is completely inverted Towards the population of the elderly, caused an immediate and urgent need to meet the demands of Health and Welfare of the Elderly Adults.

* Our graduates have the knowledge, the most current and Contemporary Nursing, which will allow an excellent service provide nursing care to patients Clinical / Hospital of the Third Age * Provide a service based on the training, the skills and knowledge, specialized for the care of patients of the Third Age. * Provide specialized in Management, Hygiene and Nutrition in the Elderly Patients classified as hospital patients, Desserts and / or Outpatient. * Provide specialized care for the Elderly Patients with chronic diseases-degenerative and / or geriatric syndromes. * Attention to Patients Domicilaria of the Third Age.

Location: - Center of Health - Elder hostel - Geriatric hospitals Education and Training in Panama: -Study 4 years degree in nursing school -Nurse specializing in geriatric -Have 2 years of service as a general nurse and be registered Earnings: Every 3 years the salary scale increases according to institution

Title: gynecology Enfermera ginecologica DUTIES: ensure good information and advice on family planning to diagnose pregnancies and monitored during their normal course, carry out the examinations necessary to monitor the progress of normal pregnancy prescribe or advise on the examinations necessary for the earliest possible diagnosis of pregnancies at risk Yahaira Espinosa

§ establish a program to prepare future parents for their role as such, to ensure complete preparation for childbirth including advice on hygiene and nutrition § attend the mother during labor and to monitor the status of the fetus in utero by the appropriate clinical and technical means § attend normal childbirth in the case of a vertex presentation, and even, if necessary, episiotomy and in urgent cases, help the party in case of breech presentation

detected in the mother or the child the warning signs of abnormalities that necessitate referral to a doctor and assisting the latter in case of intervention take emergency measures are necessary in the doctor's absence, in particular the manual removal of placenta, manual examination of the uterus followed if necessary

Eairings: SPECIALIST NURSES WITH WIN 1200 Gynécologie

LOCATION OBALDIA JOSE HOSPITAL SUNDAY

Education and training in Panamá Primary certificate Secondary Certificate Nursing Degree Graduate emphasis in gynecology

Duties: SPECIALTY: Ambulatory Care Nurses Enfermera Comunitaria Earnings: • Provide Preventing Care. • Treat patient with cronic illness. Location: Hilbeth Estrada The nurses started $700. 00 and more 50. 00 for specialty. Job in comunity and healthcare settings. Education and Training in Panama: In panama city ambulatory care nurse needs to have a degree, and after registration, a master for this specialty. Information by Miss Zalesky Gonzales HRRH

Specialty: critical care nurses Davis Gonzáles Duties: Treat patientin critical area Administer treatment and medications Location: Critical care nurses can be found working in a wide variety of environments and specialties, such as emergency departments and the intensive care units Education and Training in Panama:

Specialty: critical care nurses • Education and training in panama: • Most critical care nurses in the panama. are registered nurses. Due to the unstable nature of the patient population are rarely utilized in a primary care role in the intensive care unit. • Nurses in the panama who wish to obtain certification in critical care nursing can do so through anep • Intensive care nurses are also required to be comfortable with a wide variety of technology and its uses in the critical care setting

Specialty: critical care nurses Earnings: panana gain 800 per mouth each work 6 hours

Maribel Gomez Specialty: Emergency or traume nurse Enfermera de urgencias o trauma Duties: • • • Clinical evaluation, presents and implements specific care plan. Cordina ongoing assessment programs for staff and colleagues. Acts as the administrative representative of the unit. Scenes performed prehospital advanced procedures with or without medical supervision. Lies especially in the area of trauma - shock and is an indispensable member of the team. Integral attention and track the state hemodynamic, metabolic and neurological emergencies. Classifies patients will lend urgent care in the hospital. Partcipa actively in the multidisciplinary team, bringing their vision of experts. Subjected to a triage patients in emergency and disaster situations and apply CPR. Location: lies especially in the area of trauma and shock Education and Training in Panama: Autonomous University of Chiriquí and University of Panama. Earnings: Depends on the number of years of service and increases by 50 dollars on a specialty.

Specialty: Holistic nurses TERAPIA COMPLEMENTARIA Gidaltis Gonzáles Duties: Provide care such as acupuncture, massage and aroma therapy, and biofeedback, which are meant to treat patients’ mental and spiritual health in addition to their physical health. Location: Chile, México Education and Training in Panama: No such nurses are there in Panama because race that specialists in this area (interview with nursing faculty) Earnings: salary is unknown

Specialty: Home health care nurses Enfermera de cuidados en casa Duties: • • • Basic care assistance: bathing in bed, grooming, feeding, administration of drugs. Endovenous Treatment Placement, subject to medical prescription, preparation for studies (placement of enemas). Training for patient care, bed mobilization, control of liquids, take blood pressure, direct assistance to the user. Home peritoneal dialysis with highly qualified staff (Specialists) Wound healing Location: Home care for each patient Education and Training in Panama: In Panama, there are not home care nurses, according to the teacher and intensive care nurse Ingrid Sima, but they exist in the United States and Venezuela. The requirement is degree in nursing and a specialization. Earnings: Salary of thirty five dollars for hour, eight thousand four hundred dollars a month.

SPECIALTY: Hospice and Palliative Care Nurses. Enfermera en cuidado paliativos o terminales. Duties: Yaira Guttierrez Earnings: • Focused on maintaining quality of The nurses started $700. 00 and life for terminally ill patients. more 50. 00 for specialty. • Administer medications for pean Location: Job in oncology hospital Home patients. Education and Training in Panama: In Panama not have center for training nurses in this specialty. Information by Miss Yolanda Ortega. Jefa de Policlínica de Bugaba

Specialty: Long-term care nurse In Panama, there Duties: provude healthcare servince on a recurring basis lo patientes with chonic physical or mental disorders. Location: in hospital and private clinics, in ohter countries. Education and Training in Panama: Panama does not have this speciality. Earnings: He met the dean of the faculty and reported that Panama does not have this speciality.

Title: Medical Surgical Nurses Enfermera medico quirúrgica • • • Sthepanie miranda Duties: Educating patients on surgical procedures. Managing pain. Discharge planning. Working closely with other healthcare professionals. • Maintaining a patient’s physical and psychosocial health.

Location: Can work in Hospital Rafael Hernandez, Acute Care Units. Education and Training in Panama: The specialty of medical-surgical nurse can be studied in the Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí which lasts one and a half. Earnings: Medical surgical nurse receives an average salary of 1200 dollars depending on the degree Blanca Quintero

Title: Occupational health nurses Enfermera de salud ocupacional Duties: Ø Participate in the development of labor history. Ø Carry programming, reporting and archiving of preventive medical examinations Ø Participate in the epidemiological monitoring of workers with occupational diseases or work-related. Ø Participate in the process of hazard identification, evaluation and control of occupational hazards with administrations.

Ø Actively participate in the enforcement of the measures set out in the inspection and proper use of the means of protection Ø Give employees a health education according to workplace and occupational risks it is exposed Ø Conduct surveillance and analysis of sanitary conditions and epidemiological job and company

Ø Develop promotional, preventive health and safety of workers, and rehabilitation of sick or injured workers, through individual actions aimed at the general worker or the collective work directed. Ø Develop and implement programs designed to combat risk behaviors and health habits in the workplace.

Education and training in Panamá Ø In 1998 approving the graduate occupational health at the Universidad de Panamá. The duration is 2 (two) semesters or 1 (one) year with theory and practice and are awarded 25 credits. Entry requirements are: Ø Possess degree in Nursing Science. Ø Have a academic index of 1. 50 during their undergraduate studies

Earnings: Ø Have a salary of approximately 700 to 800 dollars. Location: Ø private companies Ø Hospitals Ø Clinics Ø schools

Specialty: Perianesthesia nurse , spanish equivalent: enfermera anestesióloga Eunides Montoto Duties: provide preoperative and postoperative care to patients undergoing anesthesia during surgery or procedure. Location: According to the nurse anesthetist, intensivist Zapata mayra currently working at the regional hospital prepare this race the same St. Thomas Hospital she took a specialty and then discontinued this preparation, at present the anesthesiologist is the one who placed the nurse anesthesia and no Education and Training in Panama: there is this race in Panama according to hospital clinical professors and Mayra Zapata Ingrid Sima Earnings in Panama: dollars biweekly 1080 According to the professor many years ago this was the salary she was a nurse anesthetist has Mayra Zapata.

• Perianesthesia nurse • Imagen include, • Eunides Montoto • 4 -739 -2244 • Job outlook: • currently there is no such race in Panama, according to the versions of the teachers of clinical practice and Mayra Zapata Ingrid Sima in the Chiriqui province there are only 5 and only nurse anesthetists are responsible for preoperative and postoperative care of anesthesia in the patients undergoing surgery

Yussara Nájera Specialty: Psychiatric- mental health nurse Enfermera psiquiátrica o de salud mental. Duties: • Treat patients with personality and mood disorders. • Train the technical team. • Teach about mental health to patient’ s family members. Location: In the Regional Hospital- Chiriquí and “Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental de Panamá”.

Education and Training in Panama: Postgraduate studies in mental health: The duration is 2 semesters or 1 year with theory and practice and are awarded 25 credits. The admission requirements are: • Possess bachelor's degree in Nursing Science. • Have a academic index of 1. 50 during their undergraduate training. Earnings: Salary of 800 -1000 dollars for month.

Specialty: Radiology nurses Enfermera Radióloga Irma Rodriguez Duties: - Assess the needs of patients. - Apply the physical and psychological care before, during and after the process. - Preparation of sterile field. - Perform nursing techniques. - Apply treatments. - To assist the radiologist during the procedure. - Complement the Registry of Nursing to be attached to Sr. Clinical care and nursing activities performed, treatments and recommendations for the hours after the intervention. - Check medication, truck stop, injection pumps. . . - Manage the material to be in contact with the patient (catheter guides etc. . . ) Location: Go to the radiology department patients from medical units, Surgical, Emergency, ICU and outpatient, with all sorts of diseases. Education and Training in Panama: In Panama there is no school to specialize in radiology led to nurses. Earnings: In Panama there is no such specialists, researchers and foreign wages of nurses radiologists is: $ 59. 000 Radiology Nurse, Interventional Radiology California $ 80, 000 $ 93, 000 Interventional Radiology Texa.

Specialty: Rehabilitation nurse DUTIES: The rehabilitation nurse who specializes in assisting people with disabilities and chronic illness to attain optimal function and optimal health, and adapt to a different lifestyle. Registered nurses Rehabilitation to help patients become more independent setting goals and realistic treatment plans. They are part of a multidisciplinary team and often coordinate patient care and team activities.

LOCATION: Hospitals. • Centers of inpatient rehabilitation. • Centers of outpatient rehabilitation. • Centers of long-term care. • Home health services and community. • Insurance companies. • private clinics. • Schools. • occupational health centers.

• Education and training in panamá: The specialty of nursing in rehabilitation is dictated at the University of the Americas in Panama. • Earnings: the salary is around nine dollars.

Alcibiades Saldaña Title: transplant nurses Enfermera de atención para el trasplante Duties: • Care for both transplant recipients. • living donors. • monitor signs of organ rejection.

Transplat nurses • Education and Training in Panama: In Panama, there is spatiality as such, nurses receive special training in their care to have this type of patient. • Earnings in Panama: wages in this case depends on the years of experience of the nurse, as they increase every two years fifty dollars in addition to his base salary of eight hundred dollars. • Job outlook: the jobs are in the metropolitan area hospitals as el Complejo Hospitalario de C. C. S and hospital Santo Tomas. referred by the teacher, a nurse at hospital Jose Domingo De Obaldia Mirta Montenegro

Title: Intellectual Developmental disabilities nurses Enfermera de discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo zuleika sevillano Nurses surveyed: Liana Del Cid, Yolanda Ortega, Mayra Zapata, Xenia Miranda. According to information provided by different nurses specialization that I belonged there in panama Duties: • Providing care for patients with physical, mental or behavioral disabilities. • Caring for patients of all ages. • Assisting with feeding and controlling bodily functions.

• Supporting patients and encouraging them to be independently mobile. • Educating patients and their families of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. • Assisting patients with language skills and other forms of communication. • Location: Nurses work in many different settings including Hospitals, Schools, Worksites, and Primary Care Centres in the community.

Intellectual Developmental disabilities nurses • Education and Training in Estados Unidos: Registered Nurses can gain Certification in Developmental Disabilities Nursing (CDDN). To certify you must provide documentation for 4, 000 hours (2 years full-time) work in a developmental disabilities nursing practice. These hours must have been completed within the last five years. You must then sit a written examination. Certification lasts for two years at which stage you can recertify by taking the examination again.

CDDN certification is accredited by the Developmental Disabilities Nurses Association (DDNA). • Earnings in Estados Unidos: The salary depends on your location work. but usually earn 35 dollars per hour. • Job outlook: It is expected that overall job opportunities for nurses to be excellent, but may vary depending on the work environment and geographical setting.

• Some employers report difficulty in attracting and retaining adequate numbers of registered nurses. It is expected that employment of registered nurses to grow much faster than average and, because of the extent of the occupation, will result in 581. 500 new jobs, one of the largest numbers of new jobs for any occupation. In addition, hundreds of thousands of jobs will result from the need to replace experienced nurses who leave the occupation.

Picture of the intellectual developmental disabilities nurses

Specialty: HIV- AIDS nurses DUTIES: The nurse, as an entity health care provider, make a personal act, ethical, creative and supportive people in the health-disease process, especially in patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), their families and society in general, requires adequate care LOCATION: Home Health Agencies General medical and surgical hospitals. Mental Health Institutes Nursing Home Doctors Offices Private Homes

Education and Training in Panama: The education training provided to nurses to treat patients with HIVAIDS through the HIV Nursing Network of the Americas - that emerged initially REDEVIHDA November 2006. Earnings: Approximate salary of a nurse specialist in care of patients with HIV AIDS is more or less: $ 49. 504 per year. YARIELKA ZAPATA 4 -751 -1383.

SPECIALTY: Oncology Nurses Enfermera Oncóloga Duties: üProvide care at patients with cancer üProvider care in administration of radiation and chimioterapics. üMonitor vitals constants ümonitor access intravenous for phlebitis or vein extravasation, üwatch for adverse drug reactions. Location: Hospital Oncologico of Panama and other room, that has patients with everithings types of cancer. Education and Training in Panama: ü In Panama city no specialization in oncology centers, but is aimed at nurses working in these areas of the hospital, like the other nurses must have their degree, be registered and have a few years of service. Earnings: Nurses in gaining this position started 700. 00 dollars and increases according to years of service. Information by Miss Ingrid Sima HJDDO

Specialty: Wound, ostomy, and continence. Edwin Centeno nurses. • Duties: They care for patients with ulcers, arterial disease, and wounds caused by traumatic injury. They also provide postoperative care to patients that have ostomies, which are openings that allow alternative ways to eliminate bodily wastes and treat patients that suffer from incontinence. Some wound, ostomy, and continence nurses specialize in a specific area and others practice in all three areas. Location: In hospitals, specialized centers, health tours, homes. Education and Training in Panama: In Panama no we have a nurse specialist in wound, ostomy and continence. in our hospitals these procedures are performed by the internist. But the nurse has the knowledge and ability to perform the necessary care for these patients. Earnings: The average annual salary for wound, ostomy, and continence nurse is $58, 000; average annual wound, ostomy, and continence nurse salaries vary greatly with location, industry, employer, education, experience, and benefits

Specialty: Cardiovascular nurses (Nursing in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery) Duties: v. Treats patients with coronary heart disease. v. Those Who have had heart sugery providing services such as postoperative rehabilitation. v. Dedicated to prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of vascular arterial, venous pathologies and affecting the heart. v. Deals with the treatment of all the problems of all the vessels of the body mainly those relating to the heart. Location: v. Hospitals and private clinics Education and Training in Panama: Have more than three years after receiving his degree of nurse a recognized institution in the country, Diploma to prove that for a minimum of one year acquired specialized preparation, through a course of cardiac nursing, a prestigious institution, exercising the specialty of cardiac nursing. Earnings: v. His salary is 800 dollars

Yahaira Espinosa Title: oncology pediatric enfermera de pediatria oncologica Duties: ØRelieve pain and other symptoms ØImprove emotional, mental and spiritual ØProviding support to family members who have cancer during illness and after the death of the person.

Ø Reduce the suffering of the patient and his family. Ø Improve quality of life of patients and family. Ø Promoting patient autonomy

Eairings: • about pediatric oncologist nurse earns 1500 dollars

Location • Child Hospital in panama

Education and trainig in Panamá • • Primary certificate Secondary Certificate Nursing Degree Graduate emphasis in oncology pediatrics

Title: Gastroenterology nurse Equivalent: Enfermera Asistente en gastroenterología Duties: • You must explain to the relatives and patients themselves according to their age the importance of physical rest and constantly check their compliance. • Perform concurrent disinfection with soap and water and finish with a chemical health services. • Make a thorough hand washing after handling feces and urine of patients. • Explain the medical and paramedical personnel practicable measures to reduce nosocomial infections. • Subjecting the material to hypochlorite solution before being sent to the sterilization department.

- Assess the production of saliva, gastric acid, digestive enzymes and intestinal mucus. - Monitoring the reduction of intestinal motility, esophageal peristalsis and feeding tolerance due to reduced bacterial flora Rate-elimination pattern for constipation or diarrhea. - Identify symptoms of esophagitis or gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal dilation product. - Palpate liver size and value the ability to metabolize certain drugs - Observe signs of malnutrition - Find out about food preferences and tastes.

Education and Training in Panama: - Degree in Nursing - Directing the work in the room by the supervising nurse gastroenterology - No specialized requires Earnings in Panama: $ 750 Job outlook: * Our graduates have the knowledge of nursing most current and contemporary, which will allow you to provide an excellent service Nursing Care of Patients with gastroenterological problems. * Domain and Knowledge Management techniques and Welfare of patients with disorders of gastroenterology.

* Sense of responsibility, professionalism and collaboration with the medical team in carrying out their duties with the patient. * Development of Research Capabilities and Update in Knowledge of her Profession, with the latest Advanced Learning Technology.

Location: -Hall of gastroenterology and endoscopy in the hospital Education and Training in Panama: -Study 4 years degree in nursing school Earnings: -Every 3 years the salary scale increases according to institution

SPECIALTY: Nephrology Nurses Enfermera Nefróloga Duties: • Provide care at patients with kidney diseases • provide care during the dialysis • providing catheter care Mahurkar Earnings: Nurses in gaining this position started 700. 00 dollars and increases according to years of service. Location: workplace is in the dialysis room within the hospital. Education and Training in Panama: In Panama city has no center or university to teach specialized nurses in this specialty, these nurses are offered a course in this area, the requirements are a bachelor's degree and be registered with at least 5 years of service. Information by Miss Zalesky Gonzales HRRH

Specialty: Neuroscience nurses Enfermera de Neurociencia • Duties: -Care management. -Run the actions derived from diagnosis and treatment. -Duty to ensure the best resources management patient assistance • • . Providing nursing care to patients or primary caregivers who present neurological diseases. Increase knowledge of nurses who provide care at other levels on request: Primary Care, ESAD, home care. Inform about available resources: Associations, Foundations, Specialized Centers. Using computer tools to streamline and manage the user's history, also to improve communication among professionals who treat these patients. • Location: is dedicated to providing comprehensive diagnostic services, treatment and control for a wide range of problems cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, all in the comfort of one location, hospital specialists in neurology. • Education and Training in Panama: In Panama there is an education center for neuroscience nurses • Earnings: in Panama there is no specific budget for this specialty because there is no training school for nurses to this specialty therefore there is no nurse to exercise that office in Panama .

Specialty: Oftalmology nurse Enfermera oftalmóloga • Duties: The nurse comes in contact with people of any age with various diseases and can contribute, and in fact it has done, to bring about many activities that promote good vision and avoid injury or worsening. It must therefore promote the nurse visual acuity and measures to provide security and detect eye diseases in bedridden or in the rest of the population through periodic or informative talks at the hospital . • Location: were interviewed hospital nurses Jose Domingo de Obaldia which panama responded that this specialty still not within the scope of activities of the nurse as there is no . • Education and Training in Panama: In Panama there is no school for the country in any school for this specialty of ophthalmology for nurses. • Earnings: in Panama there is no specific budget for this specialty because there is no training school for nurses to this specialty therefore there is no nurse to exercise that office in Panama .

Specialty: Respiratory nurses TERAPISTA RESPIRATORIO Duties: Provide care to patients with respiratory disorders such as asthma, tuberculosis, and cystic fibrosis. Location: Hospital Panamá y Chiriquí Education and Training in Panama: No such nurses are there in panama because race that specialists in this area (interview with nursing faculty) The specialty is in respiratory therapy UDELAS, University of Panana Earnings: The respiratory therapist salary is Panama B/500. 50

Specialty: Urology nurse Enfermera especialista en urología According to the teacher and intensive care nurse Ingrid Sima, In Panama, there are not Urology nurse, but specialist nurses are in hemodialysis. Duties: • • Place patient in comfortable position Connect the patient with aseptic technique Valuing status of gauze, insertion site, presence of exudate. Healing with the use of masks, gloves and sterile fields. Use of local antiseptic: Alcohol or chlorhexidine Make healing in each hemodialysis session. Install the machine for hemodialysis Location: In any hospital with a specialized room for hemodialysis, for example in the Hospital Regional Rafael Hernandez, Hospital Jose Domingo de Obaldia, Hospital Chiriqui. Education and Training in Panama: • Hemodialysis postgraduate Earnings: In the public hospital the salary is forty-seven dollars for shift, in a private hospital and his salary is eighty-seven to one hundred twenty dollars

SPECIALTY: Clinical nurses specialists Enfermera Clínica Earnings: Duties: • Provide direct care at patients • Provide concultations The nurses started $700. 00 and more 50. 00 for specialty. Location: Healthcare Settings Consultations extern in hospital. Education and Training in Panama: In Panama not have center for training nurses in this specialty. There are basic nurses. Information by Miss Yolanda Ortega. Jefa de Policlínica de Bugaba

Specialty: Nurse anesthetists Duties: v Provide anesthesia and related care before and after surgical, therapeutic, diagnostic and obstetrical procedures. v. They also provide pain management and emergency services such as airway management. v. They are responsible for observing the patient's condition after surgery. v. Administer pain medication and evaluate motor and sensory functions. v. Write the patient's progress in the clinical record as a legal document.

Location: The nurse anesthetist can work in the operating room for public and private hospitals. They are the right hand of the anesthesiologist, who needs a competent assistant, you do not make the slightest mistake and knows at all times fulfill the tasks assigned to it. Education and Training in Panama: a nurse anesthetist need a degree equivalent to four years , a licensed registered nurse who is two years of work experience, a minimum of one year experience in an emergency room or intensive care unit and study a specialization of nurse anesthetist and pass exams to become certified.

Earnings: Nurse anesthetists earn 1200 per month and work 6 hours daily. Is one of the more paid nursing specialties.

Specialty: Nurses-Midwives Enfermera Obstetrica Duties: Provide primary care to women, Gynecological exams, Family planning advice, Prenatal care, Assistance in labor and delivery, Neonatal care. Location: Delivery room, Health Center. Education and Training in Panama: Degree in Nursing, Graduate in Ostetrics. Earnings: B/. 755. 00, Speciality B/. 50. 00

Title: Forensics nurses Enfermera forense Marilyn Montengro Duties: Ø Respond to the request of the department police forensic medical examination. Ø Make a record with the purpose of diagnosis and treatment Ø Do a complete physical examination of the victim

Ø Collection of forensic evidence along of the testing process. (collection of evidence). Ø It addresses the medical needs and provides referrals for follow up. Ø Maintains custody of the evidence collected. Ø Provides expert witness testimony in court when necessary.

Education and training en Panamá: Ø It does not exist in Panama this specialty, but in countries like Costa Rica and united states has a duration of one year to acquire this specialty requires a bachelor's degree in nursing and must be registered. There are forensic nurses currently employed in the United States 7500.

Earnings: Ø Forensic nurse salary varies from place to place. In some places, forensic nurses are paid $ 26 per hour at one hundred dollars per hour. Location: Ø Prison Ø Clinics Ø Hospitals Ø Courts

Specialty: Infection control nurse , spanish equivalent: Enfermera Epidemióloga Duties: Identify , track , and control infections outbreaks in health care facilities and develop programs for outbreak prevention and response to biolocal terrorism. Location: hospitals are in the Rafael Hernandez and Jose Domingo de Obaldia, each hospital has a nurse epidemiologist for recording all new outbreaks of epidemics, viruses and bacteria, and nationally make rounds in health centers when there are new outbreaks of disease. Education and Training in Panama: specialty is currently at the University of Panama as the medical epidemiologist in charge of epidemiology Pablo Acosta Chiriqui. Earnings in Panama: According to the doctor a nurse epidemiologist Pablo Acosta wins 2035 dollars every two weeks

• Specialty: Infection control nurse • include imagen: • Eunides montoto • 4 -739 -2244 • Job outlook: • now is a good specialty in the workplace because there are not many nurse epidemiologist in the hospital according to epidemiologist Dr. Pablo Acosta Chiriqui knows only 3 nurses to this specialty

Specialty: Infusion Nurses Enfermeras de Infusión Keivith Lasso Duties: v. Infusion nurses provide care to patients by administering medications, fluids, nutrition, and blood products to patients by injecting needles into veins or maintaining arterial catheters. vmonitors the patient does not give an allergic reaction v to medication v. They are responsible for the patient receiving the dose, schedule and right medicine. v. These nurses are also responsible for monitoring patients, maintaining their tubing and bandages, and recognizing potential drug interactions and complications.

Specialty: neonatology nurse FELIPE ROJAS Duties: • Perform immediate care of the newborn in the delivery room. • Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation in case of a newborn with asphyxia or meconium aspiration bronco. Perform physical examination of newborns and record results in medical history. Meet the immunization program. Properly administer blood products. Perform additional tests and record results in medical history. • •

• Evaluate changes in the newborn and inform your doctor. • Act properly in transporting critically ill neonate. • Assess the psychosocial needs of the family. • Starting balance income and expenditure. • Collect blood and urine sample for laboratory analysis. • Assess cardiovascular status, auscultation and evaluation of heart sounds, rate, rhythm, and peripheral pulses. • Assess neurologic function, alertness, coordinated movements and reflexes.

Location: in the room of neonatology Education and Training in Panama: the course of this specialist taught in the University of Panama and lasts about a year Earnings: the salary is between one thousand to twelve hundred dollars.

Specialty: Nurse informaticists Enfermera de estadísticas Duties: • Manage and communicate nursing data and information. • Improve decision making by consumers, patients, nurses and other healthcare providers. Location: In Panama, the nurse supervisors have this role. In the offices of supervision of nursing in the hospital or MINSA.

Education and training in Panama: Master's degrees of administration: The duration is 3 academic semesters or 1 year with 6 months and are awarded 36 credits. The entry requirements are equal to those of the post degree and must maintain an index of 1. 75. Earning: Salary 1000 dollars onwards for month.

Title: Nurse Practitioners Enfermera profesional • Duties: • Conducting physical exams • diagnosing and treating common illnesses and injuries • providing immunizations • interpreting X-rays and other lab tests; and counseling patients on healthy lifestyles.

Location: Can work in Hospital Rafael Hernandez. Education and Training in Panama: this specialty does not exist in Panama, but this role nurses receive training through hospitals Earnings: The salary of these nurses in the hospital is around 900 dollars according to the degree Blanca Quintero

Education and Training in Panama: Earnings: