GOAL 10 WWII AND AFTER EUROPEAN AFFAIRS

GOAL 10 WWII AND AFTER

EUROPEAN AFFAIRS n n ENGLAND FRANCE SUFFER ECONOMICALLY; WANT TO REMAIN ISOLATED GERMANY IN DEPRESSION B/C OF REPARATIONS

ADOLF HITLER n n n NAZI PARTY (FASCISM) LEBENSRAUM MEIN KEMPF GRASSROOTS RISE TO POWER BECOMES CHANCELLOR 1933

BENITO MUSSOLINI n n n ITALIAN FASCIST DICTATOR ADMIRED BY HITLER ALLY OF GERMANY

SPAIN n n n CIVIL WAR FRANCISCO FRANCO (FASCIST) WINS AND BECOMES DICTATOR HITLER SUPPORTED HIM IN HIS QUEST FOR POWER SPANISH CIVIL WAR IS TESTING GROUND FOR WWII SPAIN REMAINS NEUTRAL THROUGH THE WAR

SOVIET UNION n n JOSEPH STALIN IS COMMUNIST DICTATOR WANTS TO INDUSTRIALIZE RUSSIA STALIN AND HITLER DIFFER IDEOLOGICALLY RUSSIA IS ALLY TO GB, FR, AND US

JAPAN n n n EMPEROR HIROHITO IMPERIALISM BEGIN EXPANDING IN PACIFIC

UNITED STATES n n FDR WANTS TO REMAIN ISOLATED DEALING WITH DEPRESSION

GREAT BRITAIN n n PRIME MINISTER NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN DURING THE 1930’S PRIME MINISTER WINSTON CHURCHILL DURING THE WAR (MOST FAMOUS)

AMERICA AND WWII n n NEUTRALITY ACT 1935 -ILLEGAL TO SELL ARMS TO A COUNTRY AT WAR NEUTRALITY ACT 1937 -SAME AS ’ 35 BUT REQUIRED NATIONS TO BUY NON-MILITARY ITEMS “CASH AND CARRY” NEUTRALITY ACT 1939 -MILITARY SUPPLIES COULD BE SOLD “CASH AND CARRY” LEND LEASE ACT-U. S. COULD LEND OR LEASE ARMS TO COUNTRIES “VITAL TO AMERICAN DEFENSE”

EVENTS LEADING TO WAR n n GERMANY EXPANDS INTO… AUSTRIA (ANSCHLUSS)… HITLER’S HOME SUDETANLAND (CZECH) GREECE, DENMARK, NORWAY, POLAND, FRANCE n n ITALY WILL EXPAND INTO NORTH AFRICA… ETHIOPIA JAPAN WILL INVADE MANCHURIA (NATURAL RESOURCES) AND ISLANDS IN THE PACIFIC

APPEASEMENT MUNICH PACT-SIGNED BY CHAMBERLAIN AND HITLER n HITLER PLEDGES NOT TO OCCUPY ANYMORE LAND IN EUROPE IF HE CAN HAVE THE SUDETANLAND (HE LIES) n HITLER AND STALIN SIGN THE NONAGRESSION PACT n

SOVIET/GERMAN NON AGGRESSION PACT n n n STALIN WILL NOT INVADE GERMANY HITLER WILL NOT INVADE RUSSIA SECRET DEAL TO DIVIDE POLAND

NAZI FINAL SOLUTION n n HOLOCAUST NUREMBURG LAWSTOOK AWAY GERMAN CITIZENSHIP FROM JEWS; JEWS COULD NOT MARRY NON JEWS; JEWS WERE BANNED FROM PUBLIC OFFICE KRISTELLNACHT-”NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS” ANNE FRANK

NAZI FINAL SOLUTION (CONT. ) n n WANNSEE CONFERENCE CONCENTRATION CAMPS EXTERMINATION CAMPS (AUSCHWITZ) MOST CAMPS IN POLAND

CONCENTRATION CAMPS n JEWISH REFUGEES WOULD WORK TO DEATH

EXTERMINATION CAMPS n UNDESIRABLES (DISABLED, CHILDREN, ELDERLY, UNHEALTHY) WERE SENT TO BE KILLED IMMEDIATELY

APPEASEMENT FAILS 1939 -GERMANY INVADES POLAND n FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY n AXIS POWERS AND ALLIED POWERS FORM n

TAKING SIDES n ALLIES-GREAT BRITAIN, RUSSIA, FRANCE, AND US

TAKING SIDES (CONT. ) n AXIS POWERSGERMANY, ITALY, AND JAPAN

US ENTERS THE WAR n n AMERICA EMBARGOES JAPAN (IRON, STEEL, AND OIL) US SENDS AID TO CHINA US FROZE ALL JAPANESE ASSETS DEC. 7, 1941 JAPAN ATTACKS PEARL HARBOR

PEARL HARBOR n n n 8 BATTLESHIPS 3 CRUISERS 4 DESTROYERS 6 OTHER VESSELS ALL DAMAGED

PEARL HARBOR (CONT. ) n n 188 AIRPLANES DESTROYED 2403 AMERICANS KILLED 1178 INJURED “A DATE THAT WILL LIVE IN INFAMY”

WWII-EUROPEAN THEATER GERMANY INVADES RUSSIA n RUSSIAN ARMY TURNS BACK GERMANY AT STALINGRAD n STALINGRAD IS TURNING PT. n ALLIES INVADE GERMANY FROM SOUTH- OPERATION TORCH n ALLIES INVADE FROM NORTHWESTD-DAY n

D-DAY n n n LARGEST EVER AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT IN U. S. HISTORY JUNE 6, 1944 BEACHES OF NORMANDY, FRANCE

D-DAY (CONT)

D-DAY (CONT)

FIGHTING THE WAR n n U. S. USES CONVOY SYSTEM GERMANY USES BLITZKRIEG

BATTLE OF THE BULGE HITLER’S LAST OFFENSIVE n FAILS n HITLER COMMITTS SUICIDE n NAZI OFFICERS TRIED AND CONVICTED AT NUREMBURG n

V-E DAY n n VICTORY IN EUROPE MAY 8, 1945

WWII-THE PACIFIC THEATER n n n JAPAN TAKES THE PHILLIPINES BATAAN DEATH MARCH MACARTHUR: “I SHALL RETURN”

BATTLE OF CORAL SEA 1 ST BATTLE BETWEEN AIRCRAFT CARRIERS n PARTLY A TURNING POINT OF THE WAR n U. S. WAS SUCCESSFUL THANKS TO NAVAJO INDIAN CODE BREAKERS n

BATTLE OF MIDWAY TURNING POINT OF PACIFIC THEATER n ALSO SUCCESSFUL B/C OF CODE BREAKERS n

STRATEGY IN THE PACIFIC n U. S. USES ISLAND HOPPING STRATEGY TO SECURE GUADALCANAL AND IWO JIMA

JAPANESE STRATEGY n THE JAPANESE USE SUICIDE PILOTS KNOWN AS KAMIKAZES

ENDING THE PACIFIC FDR DIES IN APRIL 1945 n TRUMAN TAKES OVER AS PRESIDENT n TRUMAN WANTS TO END THE WAR TO STOP THE KILLING OF AMERICANS n ORDERS THE ATOMIC BOMB BE DROPPED ON HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI n

ATOMIC BOMB n SECRETIVE BUILDING OF THE BOMB KNOWN AS THE MANHATTEN PROJECT

V-J DAY n SEPTEMBER 2, 1945; V-J DAY; VICTORY IN JAPAN

NORTH AFRICAN THEATER n n n GERMAN GENERAL: ERWIN ROMMEL “DESERT FOX” FOUGHT OVER OIL AND THE SUEZ CANAL BATTLE OF EL ALAMEIN

PEOPLE OF WWII EISENHOWER- U. S. COMMANDER; DDAY n PATTON-N. AFRICA AND EUROPE n MACARTHUR- PACIFIC n FDR-PRESIDENT UNTIL APRIL 1945 n TRUMAN-PRESIDENT AT END OF WAR; DROPPED ATOMIC BOMB n

WWII AT HOME n n n MOBILIZING INDUSTRY-AUTO INDUSTRY LEADS WAR PRODUCTION VICTORY GARDENS WAR BONDS

WOMEN AND THE WAR n n WOMEN REPLACED MEN IN THE FACTORIES “ROSIE THE RIVETER”

AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE WAR GREAT MIGRATION- AFRICAN AMERICANS MOVE NORTH TO WORK IN FACTORIES n A. PHILLIP RANDOLPH n EXECUTIVE ORDER 8802 n MILITARY IS SEGREGATED n

TUSKEGEE AIRMEN n n AFRICAN AMERICAN FIGHTER PILOT COMPANY NEVER LOST A PLANE THEY ESCORTED

HISPANICS DURING WAR n n BRACERO PROGRAMMEXICANS CAME TO AMERICA FOR FARM WORK ZOOT SUIT RIOTS

JAPANESE AMERICANS n n n WESTERN U. S. LABELED MILITARY ZONE JAPANESE AMERICANS MOVED TO INTERNMENT CAMPS KOREMATSU V. US-SAID INTERNMENT WAS LEGAL BECAUSE OF WAR TIME

POST WAR CONFERENCES ATLANTIC CHARTER-1941; FDR AND CHURCHILL MEET TO DISCUSS POST WAR PLANS n CASABLANCA-1943; UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER BY AXIS n CAIRO-1943; JAPAN STRIPPED OF KOREA, KOREA GAINS INDEPENDENCE n

POST WAR (CONT) n n n TEHRAN-1943; BIG 3 AGREE ON D-DAY YALTA 1945 GERMANY DIVIDED AND OCCUPIED BY ALLIED POWERS Potsdam 1945: After the Fall of Germany; plans for post-war world

UNITED NATIONS n n PRESENTED AT SAN FRANCISCO 1945 SIGNED AT DUMBARTON OAKS IN JULY 1945

UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL-15 MEMBERS; 5 PERMANENT (US, CHINA, RUSSIA, GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE); THE OTHER 10 ROTATE EVERY 2 YEARS n GENERAL ASSEMBLY- ALL MEMBER COUNTRIES REPRESENTED n PURPOSE OF UN-PEACE KEEPING ORGANIZATION; STILL EXISTS TODAY n